Essay代写：American national identity

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- American national identity，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国国家认同。《独立宣言》的签署不能代表着美国国家认同的正式形成，从其发展过程来看，美国国家认同在此时并没有将所有殖民地塑造出一个真正意义上的国家。由于美国国家认同感在很长时间内没有真正意义上的确立起来，使得美国在对外交往的过程，其外交政策存在着一定的模糊性，并没有对自己在国际社会中的做一个很好的定位。同时将维护自由看作自身的一种不可推卸的责任，以此为指导参与到国际生活之中。

As an important part of the international community, the United States plays a very important role in the international pattern. A correct understanding of the U.S. foreign policy and system is conducive to the development of international relations from a more macro perspective, reducing unnecessary contradictions and conflicts, so as to provide a good international environment for the country's social and economic development. Because American national identity plays an important role in American diplomatic system. Therefore, the study on the image and influence of American national identity is of great practical significance. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive study of American national identity from the perspective of American national identity under the guidance of relevant diplomatic theories, so as to provide reference for the formation of a good relationship between China and the United States.

As an individual's sense of social and collective identity, national identity plays a very important role in the formation of a nation-state. This sense of identity may originate from the same blood or from the same cultural environment. At home, it is manifested as the mechanism affecting the social and economic operation and development, while at abroad, it is manifested as having a certain effect on the country's diplomatic behavior. United States as an immigrant country, its national identity across the kinship and national boundaries, the European culture background and universal freedom as the basis of national identity, this makes the United States national identity in the process of external exchanges to oneself gives special identity is different from the other countries - a free guide, incalculable great influence on American diplomacy.

As the United States with a profound national plot of Britain, it took Britain as its object of loyalty on the eve of independence, and did not have much sense of identity with the colonies themselves. Many people found it hard to believe that the 13 colonies in North America would truly leave Britain and move towards independence. Even franklin, one of the founding fathers of the United States, was proud of his British identity until 1760. It can be said that until the signing of the declaration of independence, the identity of the thirteen British colonies in North America had not changed significantly.

Compared with the British mainland, the north American continent was rich in resources and had superior climatic conditions. With its unique natural advantages, the colonial social economy developed by leaps and bounds and became an important agricultural raw material producing area and commodity sales market at that time. At the same time of economic development, due to the barrier between the Atlantic ocean and the Pacific Ocean, the colonies gained more freedom in the process of development. The freedom in politics and religious belief made the colonists regard the North America continent as a gift from god to themselves. The freedom of political and religious belief in the land of North America is quite different from that in the United Kingdom. It not only caused the centrifugal force between the north American colonies and the United Kingdom, but also shaped the national identity of the United States to a certain extent.

The signing of the declaration of independence could not represent the formal formation of the American national identity. From the perspective of its development process, the American national identity did not shape the thirteen colonies into a real country at this time. Through the baptism of the revolutionary war, although they no longer loyal to Britain, but individual differences, the hands of a greater national sovereignty did not make them have the United States as the object of their loyalty. The promulgation of the constitution in 1787, as a plan for the division of state power, promoted the cohesion among the colonies to a certain extent, and made americans begin to examine their own development from the perspective of a nation. The constitution of 1798 did not well resolve the contradiction between state power and federal power, and the national identity was still not formally formed. At that time, many local states believed that state power and federal power should be equal. The federal government did not have any power to interfere in the internal affairs of the states. This contradiction between local power and central power eventually led to the outbreak of civil war. Although 1861 brought difficult to estimate the loss of the civil war, a large number of social resources wasted, but in the long run, the end of the war the confrontation between the north and south, in the true sense realize the reasonable division of state power, although states' rights reserved, but is greatly weakened, and at the same time, the federal government power greatly strengthened. This pattern of power distribution eliminated the dual loyalty of the American people, and the commonwealth became the only object of citizens' loyalty.

Born out of geographical environment and religious national identity, after the baptism of war, the national identity of the United States itself plays a huge role in the national life of the United States.

As the national identity of the United States has not been established in a real sense for a long time, the foreign policy of the United States has been ambiguous in the process of foreign relations for a long time, and it has not made a good positioning for itself in the international community. It is more about conducting diplomacy with oneself as the practitioner of universal values and the guide of freedom, and using the identities and institutions of other countries as a yardstick for judging closeness and distance. At the same time, they regard the maintenance of freedom as an inescapable responsibility of themselves and take part in international life under the guidance of it.

As the externalization of national interests, the construction of foreign policy system and the practice of foreign policy are all oriented by national interests. American diplomacy is no exception. It also serves its own national interests. However, based on its special national identity, American diplomacy is different from other countries. Due to the influence of religious factors makes the United States national identity leads to a universal value, the secondary universal values for them a sense of purpose, make the United States in the process of diplomatic activities to copy their own political system and ideas from other countries, this kind of psychological activity makes eyes become aggressive in many countries the United States, which led to a series of contradictions and conflicts.

Under the national identity of U.S. diplomatic has created by the diversity, on the one hand, the special national identity makes its foreign strong humanitarian colour, its for free, in a certain historical period to realize the fast development of human history, on the other hand, due to the powerful national strength, makes it hard to avoid in the process of foreign exchanges can cause damage to the interests of other countries, causing tension in international relations.

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Assignment代写：American university rankings

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- American university rankings，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国大学排行榜。在众多美国大学排行榜中，影响最大的是《美国新闻与世界报道》的大学排行榜，它以数据详实、标准客观公正而著称。美国大学综合排名主要考量的是对于本科生选择学校的需求，因此特别注明了本科生的录取率以及国际学生规模等。学生在择校时，应尽量根据自身条件以及专业兴趣来选择就读哪所学校。

Among many rankings of American universities, the most influential one is the university rankings of American news and world report, which is famous for its detailed data and objective standards. On September 12, 2013, American news and world report released the rankings of American universities. How to understand the changes of American universities from the latest rankings, so as to apply for the right schools, has become a topic of concern for "prospective international students". A few days ago, the reporter interviewed dong jin, an education abroad expert and doctor who lives in the United States.

According to dong jin, the comprehensive ranking of American universities mainly considers the needs of undergraduates to choose a school, so it specifically indicates the tuition fee of undergraduates, admission rate and the scale of international students, etc. The latest ranking lists three categories of schools. The first category is the national universities in the United States, such as Harvard University and Yale university. They represent a complete education system with teaching and research programs from four-year undergraduate to doctoral research. The second type is regional universities, which are equivalent to guangxi university, guangxi university for nationalities and other provincial universities and mainly undertake undergraduate teaching and some scientific research tasks. The last category is with characteristic of American liberal arts colleges, such as school represents the aristocratic university education, liberal arts college undergraduate course only, and mainly adopts the way of general education, the family has a certain strength, can afford the high tuition and school activities, in general, tuition is only more than 40000 dollars every year. When choosing a school, Chinese students should try to choose the type of school according to their own conditions and professional interests.

There have been some changes in the 2013 ranking of the top national universities in the United States. Dong Jin said: "from the position of the top point of view, is still at Harvard University and Princeton university share, respectively, representing the two different academic style, according to the Confucian discourse, Harvard University is a typical" wto ", the subject emphasizes on design pays attention to economic benefits, pay attention to the interest, therefore, a harvard business school, law school, medical school, school of government is the world's top, contrary to some basic subjects is not very good, such as chemistry, physics, top-notch professional is relatively less. Instead, Princeton university, to have the wind of Confucian "born", in the university system is not set such business school, law school to create economic benefit type of professional, but specialize in fundamental disciplines, such as theoretical physics, the study of Einstein's life is spent, and such as math, history, philosophy, etc. "Harvard and Princeton, two very different styles of education that have been successful, are tied at the top of the U.S. college rankings.

Yale university, best known for its role in nurturing U.S. presidents and politicians, came in third, followed by duke university, also known as Harvard University in the south, in sixth place this year, dong said. MIT, the world's leading engineering school, was also ranked sixth this year. In general, the top 10 ranking has not changed much, and it is basically dominated by the world's top universities. Compared with the previous ranking, the overall pattern of the top 10 ranking has not changed much. Princeton university emblem

Private universities still dominate the latest rankings. Dong said the top 20 are all private universities, which is subversive from the Chinese people's idea that only public universities are "normal" universities. According to the rankings, the top public university in the United States is the university of California, Berkeley, followed by the university of California, Los Angeles. Public universities currently pursuing two standards, the first is the state's residents, the second is out-of-state residents and international students admission, there's a big difference in difficulty and tuition fees, for California residents at the two schools is not very difficult, the tuition is not expensive, often has some achievement general, mediocre California local students can be admitted to the university of California, this to a certain extent, affect the overall ranking of the university of California.

Dong said that since the California community college and the university of California have admission agreements, Chinese students studying in the United States can enter several major campuses of the university of California after completing the two-year associate degree program at the community college, which greatly reduces the difficulty of admission. In recent years, many students have chosen to enter the university system through the 2+2 mode of community colleges.

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51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

英文论文写作准确简洁的小技巧

很多留学生在写作英文论文的时候，都会感觉词汇严重不足，不知道该写些什么。其实这是留学生们的通病，所以大家得学会如何清晰地表达。最简单的方法，就是让句子变得简洁，下面就给大家分享一些英文论文写作准确简洁的小技巧。

TIP #1 不要单独使用this

When the journalist wrote the report, he wasn’t aware the driver had left the scene of a serious accident. This has created an unfortunate situation.

看这个句子，你能看出this指的是什么吗？既可以理解是“这个记者不留神”，也可以是“司机的逃逸行为”。那如何避免这种歧义呢？答案就是不要单独使用this，而是搭配一个所要指代的名词。

如果this指的是“记者不留神”，就把this换成“This lack of awareness…”

如果this指的是“司机的逃逸行为”，就把this换成“This driver behavior…”

TIP #2 尽可能少使用i.e.和e.g.

I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest, i.e., pollution.

看到这个句子，可能一般会想到两种不同理解：

I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest, this is, pollution.

I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest, for example, pollution.

但到底是哪一个呢？其实：

i.e.是拉丁语 id est 的缩写，意为that is（即）

e.g. 是拉丁语exempli gratia 的缩写，意为for example（例）

既然容易让人误解，那在写作中尽量不使用，而是使用“that is”和“for example”。

TIP #3 注意多个短语产生的歧义

Dave is working on a project plan. He will mail it to you to proofread by April 1st.

看这个句子，4月1号那天到底是谁要去干什么呢？既可以理解为Dave把项目书发给you，也可以是you来校订项目计划书。

如果是第一个意思，可以写成：Dave is working on a project plan, which he will mail you. Please proofread it by April 1st.

如果是第二个意思，可以写成：Dave is working on a project plan. He will mail it to you by April 1st so that you can proofread it.

TIP #4 不要混淆代词的单复数

为了表达更清晰，确保 they, their, our使指代的是复数的东西，如果不是的话最好重写句子。

错误表达：

There is a guidebook at each guest’s table. They include the itinerary(行程).

They指代的是什么呢？这个they的使用就是混淆了代词的数。

正确的表达:

There is a guidebook at each guest’s table. The guidebook includes the itinerary.

There is a guidebook, which includes the itinerary, at each guest’s table.

TIP #5 避免弱逻辑的陈述

你的句子支撑起你文章的论点，它们应当是简洁和逻辑严密的。不要写一个被普遍接受的、不需要争辩的观点。

例如，不要写：The glaciers are melting more rapidly than ever recorded.

相反，你可以这样写: The glaciers are melting more rapidly than ever due to human activity.

这个句子陈述了一个论点，加上支撑的观点会使你的论证严密。

TIP #6避免教条的语气

教条的主张是指那些以一种自负的方式陈述你的观点的主张。

While business models will ultimately drive the sustainability of a program, the curricular objectives must be what drives the program experience.

这个句子中使用了“must”这个词，给人以命令的感觉，这就是教条的语气，写作中应当避免这样的语气。

While business models will ultimately drive the sustainability of a program, the curricular objectives should be what drives the program experience.

上面句子中的“must”换成了“should”，命令教条式的语气就变成了建议的语气，这样就好很多。

TIP #7避免性别化的语言

当你的文章特别关注男性或女性，或者比较这两组人性别语言是不可避免的。但是当你描述普遍情况的时候就要尽可能避免性别化的语言。

美国期刊专家表示，使用中性语言将提高你发表文章的机会。你可以用“person”或“people”而不是“man”或“woman”来让你的语言中性化。

如果可以的话，打破性别成见，消除消防员、农民、士兵、渔民、主席等职业中的性别偏见。

不恰当: Fast-forward three years and we might see the average man’s weight increase by 10%.

这个句子就使用了性别化（偏男性）的词。

可以: Fast-forward three years and we might see the average man’s/woman’s weight increase by 10%.

这样改写以后避免了性别化倾向，但是又造成了句子的冗余。

最好: Fast-forward three years and we might see the average person’s weight increase by 10%.

用person改写以后句子就没有性别倾向而且句子简洁。

TIP #8避免介绍性的短语

介绍性短语会是文章变得笨拙，经常可以被删除或缩短。如果你发现自己在使用下面这样的短语，试着用更短更简洁的方式来表达同样的事情。

介绍性短语

更好的方式

it is important to note

importantly

in order to

to

the fact that

because; since

first and foremost

firstly

not only A, but B

B also; additionally, B

TIP #9避免用语重复

在写作中，你可能会不自觉地在你的文章中使用重复的句子结构和单词。应当避免这样的现象，增强文章语言的多样性。

不好: The data were collected by using semi-structured interviews, and were analysed by using a special software.

更好: The data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and analysed with a special software.

这两个句子中，第一个句子重复出现了were这个词，让文章显得啰嗦乏味，因为and可以直接并列两个动词，所以删掉后面一个were意思不变而且语言更简洁。同时把出现两次的现在分词结构的后一个改成了with。

以上就是关于英文论文写作准确简洁的小技巧，希望同学们都能学会这些小技巧，在以后的写作中让句子简洁起来，这样的表达就会清晰很多。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Laura Marling’s music career

本篇paper代写- Laura Marling’s music career讨论了劳拉·马林的音乐生涯。劳拉·马林出生在英国，因为父亲的影响，从小就开始学习吉他，也是父亲将她带进了民谣音乐的殿堂。劳拉在2007的英国独立乐界浮出水面时年仅16岁。由于在她的MySpace上发表单曲后而引人注目。一把好嗓子，一把原声吉他，以及创作民谣的天赋，她通过大量的巡演获得更多的关注。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

As the word “pop” appeared along with the evolvement of modernization from the late 19 century, when unprecedented changes were taking place, under the influence of the industrial revolution, urbanization and immigration across the world. The pop music like jazz, rock’n’roll in the modern sense resulted from a complex interplay of social and cultural forces that can not reduce to a simple algebraic formula. (Garofalo,) As we know African American injected the decisive blood to pop music which white men spread and flourish.

However, cognition goes different when talking about folk music. They almost existed as a nation begin to speak. They come from the mysterious vulgar stories, the cradlesongs mothers unconsciously murmur out. International Folk Music Council define it as: "Folk music is music that has been submitted to the process of oral transmission.”(Karpeles, Maud)

In the long history, folk music has been closed connected to native cultures and therefore a higher culture connotation and standard are expected in folk music. That why folk music are priceless treasures to dig.

Based on the specialty of folk music, except the basic instrumental skills, folk musicians are asked for deeper culture reserves and understanding. I’d like to introduce one of my favourate folk singers “luara Marling” to state some serious thoughts the talented singer has evoked me. I can always read the reports and reviews about her with exclamation points, startled by her mature skills on acoustic guitar, her deep voice and her delicate arrangement.

Her officially started her music career at the age of 16. After completing her GCSEs, she left her hometown and settled in the outskirts of London. After collaborating with a series bands, she gradually found her own way unassimilated among them and later made several huge acclaimed albums. Her first honor was nominated for the 2008 Mercury Prize and won Best Solo Artist for 2011 N/A NME Awards, Brit Awards, BBC Radio, Folk Awards in succession.In Rolling Stone’s review of Marling’s fifth LP, they even appreciated her lyrics as resemblance to Bob Dylan: It's a flash of lyrical left hooks on a set where the British singer-songwriter goes all Judas, like Dylan before her, recording with electric guitar and broadening her palette without sacrificing her subtly bad ass folkie persona.(Rolling Stone) By nature as an over thinker, Marling prefers some obscure issue, related to religion, ideology and deep though toward life.

As a female musician who independently chases her music career at such an young age, as vivid as an interview has described “ It strikes me how very solitary she looks up there, a young woman travelling the world without the usual retinue of band and crew, her isolation somehow emphasised by her calm, modulated voice and air of self-composure.” (Rolling Stone)Laura Marling reminds me of the legendary Godmother of Punk “Patti Smith”. Besides the similar magnetism in their voice and their poetry temperament, I notice the resemblance to their experience in youth on the way towards arty career.

After arranging a good family for the unprepared baby and drop out of teacher training school，Patti left for New York with little money in her pocket. While almost 30 years later, another girl Laura left her family in Hampshiae, from which above I guess road towards dreams stay the same over the years. Youngsters have to leave their beloved family and get out of their childhood and start the adventure in the wild world where opportunities and resources cluster. This tendency is kind of crowd acting in 1960s and 1970s, and today it is no more appear such visible but still big city show its Unstoppable attractiveness.

In Patti smith’s autobiography, she spent a lengthy piece of writing to describe her childhood full of wonders and games in colorful book stories that make sweet dreams. She particularly emphasized her distinctive imagination that she made up many fairy tales and her strong feeling and loneliness towards surroundings that nearly arose some acute agony. Her literature love prepared for her later music expression "rock poetry," which implicitly aligned the techniques of poetry with a socially deviant lifestyle involving drugs and the performance of gender ambiguity. (Noland, Carrie Jaurès)

While laura, in the paralleled world, her father brought her to the world of folk music when she was a little girl. She described it as “a bit of blessing and a bit of curse, I wouldn’t slot myself into the age-apropriate genre”. Though as she regarded it isn’t age-apropriate, she gradually developed her precocity, which embodied in the terror of death at an early age. Laura express her loneliness in the song. As lyrics read“You listen to them whine and moan About everything you can't understand ”“But darkness descends once more into my life” one could find her isolation and the unfilled gap between her peers.

People who report women artists or women in whatever industries, will conventionally highlight their female identity, Laura isn’t an exception. She does prove some feminist thought in her action as well as in her creation. Not allowed to enter a homosexual bar, she went straightly in front the door of a sex shop and started performing. With sensitiveness born within woman’s temperament, in the song , she sings “To have someone be so admired I threw creation to my king” and “but I’m your keeper, I hold your face from light” satirizing those who rely on their husbands and loose self consciousness and moaning towards men who regard their mates as keepers. In another song she illustrates the same topic through a resented story telling, in which old-lady-like Voice rings with bitterness. In this story ,she describes a wife who lost her husband and then was push back to situation at sea. By story telling and some metaphors, she expressed her thought in a euphemistic and inspiring way, indicating obviously feminist awareness has gone far in her mind.

Though strong emotion hidden behind these lyrics, Laura didn’t perform in a sharp way. While the same theme performs in a total different way 30 years ago. The feminist movement arrive at the peak at 1960s, which also reflected to music. Girls no longer bare the restrains to music genres. The music genre “cock rock” led by Joan Jett, sing < cherry bomb > loudly and with erotic implications. The 1970s icon Janis Joplin, an opposite image compared to isolated Laura, described as “Joplin created her identity as a tough, wild, hard-drinking party girl.”(Carson, Mina et al.)

For in that time, involvements of girls in a band are regarded as bizarre in public’s view, Janis have to start with an acoustic guitar instead of the noisy, bumbling machine she dreamed. I guess her public identity later is kind of an intended rebellion against the inequity.

As people always say that“ a long history hidden behind the folk music”, but I want to express “a long history hidden behind how women pick up their guitars”. Laura has experienced the conventional unfitness within an artist and gradually been accepted. Her experience implies specialty in this time and general character in all time of choosing to become a female musician. Though, struggles and parting remain the same, but today’s society has developed, more space and focus are given to the “second gender”.

References

Carson, Mina et al. Girls Rock!: Fifty Years Of Women Making Music. 1st ed., : University Press Of Kentucky, 2004, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130j6dp.

Garofalo,. Crossing Cultures: The Eruption Of Rock'n'roll. 1st ed.,.

Karpeles, Maud. Definition Of Folk Music. 1st ed., International Council For Traditional Music, 1955, http://www.jstor.org/stable/834518.

Noland, Carrie Jaurès. Rimbaud And Patti Smith: Style As Social Deviance. 1st ed., The University Of Chicago Press, 1995, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343938.

Rolling Stone. (2015). Laura Marling 'Short Movie' Album Review. [online] Available at: http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/laura-marling-short-movie-20150324 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2016].

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Essay代写：British democracy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- British democracy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的民主制度。英国被认为是典型的西方民主国家，但其民主制度又有着自己鲜明的特点，无论是君主制、内阁制还是两党制，都体现着浓厚的英国文化气息。英国民主制度最大的特点概括起来就是虚实的结合，这表现在其立宪君主制的政体上。另外，英国民主制度体现了议会至上原则，即立法权在三权中居于核心地位；行政和司法机关都是立法机关的一个部分；行政权和司法权实际是立法权的派生，三者互有重叠。

Britain is considered as a typical western democratic country, but its democratic system has its own distinct characteristics. Whether the monarchy, cabinet system or two-party system, all of them embody a strong British culture, providing a typical case for people to study the political system from a cultural perspective. Armond, the promoter of political culture, believes that people's attitudes towards political phenomena affect the ongoing activities in political life, form the basis of these activities, and are also affected by these activities. Therefore, in the study of any specific political system, we should examine both culture and structure, not only to sketch a picture of the most basic outline of its political culture concisely and concisely, so as to find the type of cultural attitude, but also to draw a picture of its structure and function accordingly. This theoretical point of view constitutes the basic framework of the writing, that is, a brief description and evaluation of the main characteristics of the British democratic system, and on this basis, the characteristics of the British political culture and its analysis; Then, taking the historical evolution of the British democratic system as the background, this paper discusses how the system itself was formed and developed under the influence of political culture. At last, the author makes a brief conclusion about the relationship between the overall characteristics of British democracy and political culture.

The biggest characteristic of British democratic system can be summarized as the combination of "virtual" and "real", which is firstly reflected in its constitutional monarchy. Although the king of England played an important role in political life, his power could only be exercised in accordance with laws and practices or be controlled by others, or it had to be exercised under the "advice" of the ministers concerned and signed by them. Although the parliament and the cabinet hold the real power, they are both a combination of "virtual" and "real" institutions. Parliament is a legislative body composed of the king, the house of lords and the house of Commons. Among them, the upper house is the house of lords, which is the only political institution based on aristocracy in major western countries. The members of the upper house are composed of religious aristocracy, hereditary aristocracy, life aristocracy and appellate aristocracy. Both it and the king have only symbolic power, while the legislative, supervisory, and financial powers of parliament are effectively in the hands of the house of Commons. The lower house is the main body of the parliament and the true embodiment of the theory of the representative system, which is not only reflected in that its members are elected through universal suffrage and replaced regularly, but also reflected in that it is the basis of the cabinet system. The British cabinet is formed by the leader of the party authorized by the king to obtain the majority of seats in the house of Commons. The cabinet is responsible for the majority of the house of Commons. If the house of Commons passes a no-confidence motion against it, the cabinet either resigns or asks the king to dissolve the house of Commons for a fresh election. On the "virtual" side, the party that wins the second most seats in the lower house becomes the opposition party, protected by law, and usually forms a "shadow cabinet" to supervise the ruling party. When the ruling party loses the election, the opposition party can quickly replace it and the "shadow cabinet" becomes the "governing cabinet". This fully embodies the dynamic balance between "virtual" and "real".

Another characteristic of the British democratic system is that it embodies the principle of "parliament first", that is, the legislative power is at the core of the three powers; Both the executive and judicial branches are parts of the legislature; Executive power and judicial power are the derivation of legislative power. The aforementioned cabinet system is the system embodiment of this principle in the relationship between executive power and legislative power. As for the relationship between judicial power and legislative power, the upper house of parliament is the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which has the appellate jurisdiction of other civil and criminal cases except Scottish criminal cases. The Lord chancellor is the President of the house of lords, the President of the Supreme Court, and a member of the cabinet and the ruling party. This system design shows that the three powers in British politics are not separated but unified, but still play a role in restricting the power of power. The reason, in Locke's view, is that the check and balance of the legislative power comes not from within the governmental power, but from the society and the citizens. Since the legislative power is only a delegated power exercised for a certain purpose, when the people find that the legislative act contravenes their delegated power, they still have the supreme power to recall or replace the legislature. Therefore, this institutional arrangement is to ensure that both the executive power and the legislative power are subject to the domination of the social and citizen power, so that the whole government power system does not deviate from the purpose of entrusting the government power to the citizen and protect the public interests of the citizen. But Locke also believed that the power enjoyed by the people was the last power, the power to overthrow agents when they acted against their interests. Of course, the regular exercise of this power has led to political instability, which is clearly not consistent with the history of British politics. . In fact, Britain's political situation is much more stable than that of France, which has proposed the idea of a parallel separation of powers. So what are the reasons that enable the British government to maintain the normal operation of political life without abusing power without institutional constraints? Britain's mature two-party system gives the answer.

In the two parties in Britain, although the ruling party can make policies in line with its own interests by controlling the parliament, it must still consider the interests of other classes, groups and groups, so as to avoid losing too many votes due to the role of pressure groups and public opinion. On the other hand, the role of the opposition is more British. First, only the party that wins the majority of seats in the lower house of parliament can become the legitimate opposition party and play the role of supervising the ruling party. Secondly, the opposition party should not only focus on its own interests but also put forward corresponding constructive policies to replace the ruling party. This not only played a supervisory role, but also ensured the continuity of policy. At the same time, the existence of the "shadow cabinet" system also prevents the ruling party from having a long-term power vacuum when it loses people's trust and is overthrown by the "last power", thus ensuring the political stability. Therefore, the legal competition between the two parties in the institutional framework actually makes up for the imbalance of power caused by the supremacy of legislative power in the system design to the greatest extent. In practice, the two parties have realized the separation of powers and checks and balances, but they are not the checks and balances of the executive legislative power, but the checks and balances between the two parties with different interests and value orientations. This shows that without the checks and balances of the two parties, there will be no checks and balances of the three powers, and the mature two-party system is actually the basis for the effective operation of the separation of the three powers system.

Therefore, both the constitutional monarchy with the combination of "virtual" and "real" and the parliamentary cabinet system with the mature two-party system as the core have exquisite operating mechanisms. In order to have a deep understanding of its connotation, we should not only explain it simply by institutional theory, but also go deep into the core of British political culture and explore the cultural root of its formation and development by combining the historical evolution of the system itself.

Almond interpreted political culture as a set of political attitudes, beliefs and feelings prevailing in a specific period of time of a nation, which was formed by the history and current social, economic and political activities of the nation. Therefore, after investigating the social and historical background of Britain, the characteristics of British political culture can be summarized into two main aspects, that is, the obedient political attitude derived from the aristocratic culture and the belief in the behavior mode of gradualism derived from the rational spirit.

The submissive political attitude refers to the submissive attitude of citizens towards the authority in political life, that is, they believe that some people are more suitable to rule than others, and their leaders are slightly isolated from public opinion, but still have the responsibility to rule according to the public interest, and finally bear the responsibility for this kind of rule. The formation of the obedient political attitude is largely derived from the British aristocratic culture, that is, the advocating psychology of the aristocratic spirit in the whole British society. British noble spirit mainly includes: first, chivalry, brave, romantic, fair and aboveboard; Second, a strong sense of self-reliance and desire; Strong sense of ownership and social responsibility; Fourth, the promotion of knowledge and culture. Although the ethos in other European countries is also more or less can be found in the nobility, but the UK is the feature of the whole nation has formed a kind of cultural tradition and atmosphere of aligning with nobility, and deeply into the British in the blood, so that they produced a strong, lingering aristocratic complex, even in the asset class is growing, the capitalist value standard is established under the condition of.

On the basis of philosophy, rational spirit originates from empiricism and believes that the world can be known through observation of objective phenomena and logical reasoning, and experiment is the necessary means to achieve this understanding. Therefore, the rational spirit originated from the emergence of modern science, which at the very beginning was characterized by the radicalism of denying god, and was manifested in the celebration of freedom, equality and anti-absolutism in the social and political field. However, under the influence of conservatism, the rational spirit of Britain is also covered with a restrained color. It makes the British people who are used to gradual approach to life keep religion in the spiritual field while maintaining rationality. Its direct political consequence is that it leads to the tradition of separation of church and state in Britain. Religion and god only exist in people's hearts and are responsible for solving major problems in the spiritual field, while in the real world, the god of the British people is Newton, is the deism, and is the reason and law governing all things. Because of this, the secular political life, the natural rights of Locke, the birth and growth of the British democratic system and even the whole western democratic system. It is worth noting that the British rational spirit is combined with their pragmatic tradition, which is obviously different from the French rational spirit. Although France is the birthplace of the enlightenment movement, the rational spirit developed from it is combined with the innate idealism of the French people, which is manifested in the pursuit of absolute perfection. However, under the influence of pragmatism, the rational spirit of British people pursues a kind of relative perfection, which has a huge impact on the progressive political culture of British people.

Gradualism is another feature of British political culture, which can also be said to be the most basic one. It determines the political attitude and behavior of British people, and it is the result of the combined action of conservatism and radicalism. It is generally believed that Britain is a typical conservative country, which is conservative and prudent, but also conservative and self-conceited. This, it should be said, reflects one aspect of the problem. However, British conservatism has a deeper connotation, that is, it does not cling to the traditional things, does not try to make progress and opposes all innovations, but holds a steady attitude towards the process and methods of change. When the existing system can be maintained and maintained, it holds its ground firmly and refuses to reform; However, when the existing system can no longer meet the needs of reality, it will allow some degree of change, and on the basis of this new change to defend the new position, become a defensive force against new changes. Or as Hugh Cecil, a conservative politician of the early 20th century, put it, conservatism is really the fear and trepidation of an uncertain future. On the other hand, there is also an element of radicalism in British culture. Although "radical" does not necessarily mean "intense" or "extreme", but it certainly represents a radical innovation. British radicalism is based on the theory of natural law, which is formed gradually in the struggle with the royal power. Its essence is to oppose the centralization and despotism, oppose the interference and deprivation of the individual rights and freedoms of the people by the king, and demand the return to the original state of equality to eliminate all injustice. As the power of the bourgeoisie grew, this demand was reflected more in the protection of personal property, and was reflected in the political field, which was to expand the power of parliament to restrict the royal power. But in reality, conservatives and radicals contain elements of each other, so both are ardent believers in the spirit of reason. Conservatism demands the continuation of tradition, and for the British born with freedom, freedom must be an important part of the tradition, which is the same as the claim of radicalism returning to the state of freedom and equality. Therefore, when confronted with major political problems, conservatives and radicals are always inclined to settle their disputes with each other in a compromise way, which is integrated into the cultural tradition of gradualism and manifested in their belief in the social style of gradualism. In this sense, rationality and incrementalism are practically synonymous in British political culture. Therefore, the rational spirit is the premise of gradualism, and gradualism is the inevitable result of the development of the rational spirit.

Obedient political attitude and incrementalist political belief are the two cores of British political culture. They are deeply integrated into the historical evolution of British political system through influencing British political behavior, and become the important reasons influencing the formation and development of British democratic system.

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