英文论文写作的选题要点

不知道同学们在写作英文论文的时候，对选题有没有过烦恼呢！对于英文论文写作来说，一个好的选题是非常重要的，可以让导师了解论文的研究方向和写作范文。那么英文论文该怎么选题呢？下面就给大家讲解一下英文论文写作的选题要点。

一、选题要新奇

千篇一律的选题总会给人一种淡而无味的感觉，甚至会让人没有看下去的欲望，似乎看到这个题目就只能文中的内容是什么了。这样的标题当然没有吸引力，即便文章内容写的再精彩，首先题目就给人造成了不新颖、无趣的印象，怎么可能人饶有兴趣的读下去呢？所以，选题一定要新颖，所谓新颖也并不特别冷门或者特别奇怪的题目，而是通过分析多篇资料、多种已有研究，分析原有研究的不足、尚未研究的问题等等，以此进行创新。新奇性还指选题的写作角度新、立意新，别人写过的老题目，如爱好教学、课文教学等，我们可以从新的角度往写，另辟门路，写出自己新的经验、观点，写出自己的真知灼见，只要能予人以新的启示，同样能取胜。

二、题目从小处着眼

论文的题目要避免选过大的安慰，题目过大会让人看不清楚到底要写的是什么，容易给人一种不着边际、捉襟见肘的感觉。且题目过大往往要说的东西太多，结果是什么也讲不深道不透，两、三千字无法包容其内涵。所以，论文呢选题一定不可过大，尽量要从小处着眼，尽量缩小题目范围，使题目变得具体、实在，有利于作者更集中、深进地搜集材料、出示论据，写起来得心应手，做到“小题大作”，从而给读者更多有益的东西。

以上就是关于英文论文的选题要点，希望同学们在给英文论文选题的时候，都能注意到这些点。

51due留学教育引领海外留学的风向标，打造最好的教育品牌，提供专业的代写服务，我们为自己的品牌代言，不负留学生的期待。提供全方位的服务，包括assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

更多关于代写的内容，点开主页栏目，即可快速获取代写相关资讯，如果各位有美国作业代写需求，可以咨询24小时客服QQ：800020041，为您详细解答。

Paper代写：Rousseau's three states of nature

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Rousseau's three states of nature，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了卢梭的三种自然状态。卢梭的政治哲学在欧洲启蒙运动中是独树一帜的，在卢梭看似混乱并易引起争议的“自然状态”中实际存在着三种不同的理论属性，也就是说卢梭的自然状态可以从三种意义上来进行考察和分析，即逻辑意义、历史意义和法律意义上的自然状态，它们构成了卢梭政治理论中自然状态的三种类型。另外，卢梭的三种自然状态是为其两种社会契约服务的。

Rousseau's political philosophy was unique in the European enlightenment, but the uniqueness of his theory also caused some confusion to people's understanding. In particular, the two books "on the origin and foundation of human inequality" and "on social contract" expressed some totally different ideas, which were more typical. The consistency of Rousseau's political theory is the key among the perplexities faced by the interpreters of his political philosophy. Rousseau emphasized the coherence of the ideas expressed in his various works, insisting, for example, that "a great principle" was evident in all his works, and that "all the boldness of the social contract is contained in the inequality". Some modern scholars, such as Ernst Cassirer, have also interpreted the consistency of his ideas from a specific perspective. However, more scholars deny this consistency, believing that there are sharp contradictions and insurmountable gaps between Rousseau's two works of political philosophy. For example, according to c.f.aughan, "on inequality shows unscrupulous individualism, while social contract shows the same unscrupulous collectivism". Rousseau's two works are believed to be full of contradictions such as the negation and affirmation of reason, the universal criticism of the state and the high praise of the republic. This paper attempts to start with Rousseau's natural state theory, sort out and summarize the logical relationship between his "natural state" and "social contract", so as to provide a new perspective for understanding the consistency of Rousseau's political theory.

There are three different views on the nature of Rousseau's state of nature. Leo Strauss clearly expressed this view in his book natural rights and history. Other scholars, such as George Havens, Roger Masters and Jean Morel, hold similar views. The second view, such as Emile Durkheim, Lester g. Crocker and others, holds that Rousseau's natural state is a pure theoretical hypothesis or a speculative construction, having nothing to do with the actual historical state. A third view, from Robert Derathe et al., is that Rousseau's natural state is full of contradictions, and that he is confused and ambivalent on the subject.

The author thinks that, in Rousseau seems to be confusion and easy controversial "natural state" in real property there are three different kinds of theories, that is to say, Rousseau's natural state can be from the investigation and analysis about three issues, namely, logical meaning, historical significance and legal nature, they constitute the three types of Rousseau's political theory on the state of nature.

The natural state of logical meaning is the first type of Rousseau's "natural state", which is expressed as a theoretical hypothesis and a hypothesis and reasoning for the purpose of exploring the nature of things. Rousseau stated the hypothetical nature of this state many times in his treatise on inequality, writing: "I have only begun to reason, and to make some bold suppositions." Some of the studies we can undertake on this subject should not be regarded as historical truths, but only as presumptive and conditional deductions. These deductions are not so much fit to account for the true origin of things as for the nature of them. "Certain assumptions... If there is no history to examine, it is up to philosophy to determine similar facts which are relevant. Rousseau in the theory of inequality, the state of nature is divided into two stages, namely the "original state" and "the youth of the human race", as the first phase in the natural state of "pure natural state" or "primitive state" reflects the logical meaning and the historical significance of overlapping characteristics, some scholars also for this reason that the state of nature as Rousseau a combination of historical reality and theoretical assumptions. In order to separate the logical attribute and historical attribute in the first development stage of Rousseau's natural state, the author makes the following assumption according to the expression in Rousseau's on inequality: the term "pure natural state" represents the assumed and logical natural state; "Primitive state" describes the early human survival conditions, is a kind of historical reality. Although the two are synonyms in "on inequality", in order to distinguish the mixed connotations of logic and history contained in this natural state, we can endow the "original state" with historical significance and endow the "pure natural state" with logical significance, thus completely separating the two.

From the logical meaning of the natural state, Rousseau stripped all the social attributes of human in the way of abstract reasoning, so as to obtain a pure natural person, in order to clarify the essential attributes of human individuals and society, which is also the important reason why he called this natural state "pure natural state". The prominent feature of human being in the pure natural state is the situation of "lonely and ignorant savage", "loneliness" indicates that human being is an atomic existence, and "ignorance" indicates that human being is in the low stage of rational development. Rousseau rejected the view of most theorists of the school of natural law that "human beings are naturally social", and he opposed the pure state of nature to the state of society. Natural persons are equal, free, and self-sufficient, not so much because they follow the "laws of nature" that govern their relations to one another, as because they have little or no "relations" at all. Rousseau believed that the condition of the "lone savage" was a real "state of nature", which no other thinker "ever traced back to", because the natural state they imagined was a "state of society" to some extent. There is a sharp contrast between "ignorant savage" and the important role of "rationality" emphasized in Rousseau's social contract theory, which is related to the theoretical logic of his two social contract theories, which will be further analyzed later. The natural state of historical significance is mainly divided into two major and relatively stable stages: the "primitive state" and the "youth period". From the perspective of these two stages, the first stage, namely the primitive state, is the real natural state in Rousseau's words. Natural people are lonely, ignorant and free, and people have no family and any social contact, so they have no language as a communication tool, which is equivalent to non-social animals to a certain extent. The second phase, the human "youth" the continuation of the first stage can be regarded as "natural state", it is necessary to establish a realistic social contract process, but it is different from the "natural person" of the original state, it is a state of the new "social" or "quasi" social status, because the family and private property has emerged, there is a relatively stable social human relations, it is in a state of nature and civilization between states, is the "youth" of mankind. Rousseau fully affirmed the authenticity of the second stage, thinking that it was similar to the status of the tribal peoples in America. From the perspective of history, Rousseau divided the development and evolution of early human society into three stages, namely, from the primitive state, the youth period to the political society or the country, which was quite different from the dichotomy of "natural state -- political society" proposed by other contemporary natural jurists. Rousseau not only justifies the contract society or the republic from the perspective of affirmation, namely the natural state of logical meaning, but also criticizes the existing state from the perspective of negation, namely the natural state of historical meaning. That is to say, Rousseau believed that all existing states were unjust from the perspective of the historical development process of the natural state, which was an important reason for his elaboration of the historical attribute of the natural state. The following part will elaborate on this when analyzing the two logical clues from the natural state to the social contract.

In discussing the state of nature in the legal sense, Rousseau "equates the state of nature with the situation where people do not live under the rule of law". Rousseau in the theory of inequality, this paper discusses the three stages of inequality, that inequality of the third stage of development, the authoritarian political inequality phase will eventually lead to a new state of nature, because based on the strong power of the ruling order by subjects will resist, when the people to overthrow the tyrant rule, society in a certain period of time is similar to a state of anarchy. This natural state, the result of excessive corruption, "is the apex of inequality, the ultimate point of closing a circle, and it meets the point from which we started." "Terminal point" is the natural state of legal meaning, "starting point" is the natural state of logical and historical meaning. The logical natural state exists in the theory, and the historical natural state cannot be reproduced again. Only the third natural state, namely the legal natural state, can appear in human society, which is a criticism of the existing political society and a realistic condition to realize the ideal political society, namely the republic.

Rousseau's three states of nature serve his two social contracts. In his treatise on the social contract, Rousseau concentrated on an ideal social contract, and in most cases, what Rousseau called "social contract" specifically refers to such a contract. This ideal of a social contract, contract is essentially a combination of the people, the natural state of people through contract combined into political society, the political society in order to realize the citizens of self rule as the goal, and through the "autonomy" enable citizens to truly realize the "freedom", the social contract of political society is Rousseau's "republic". This is a typical "social contract" rather than a "political contract", different from Hobbes' "leviathan", because in this case, the creation of government itself is not a contract, but a result of the social contract. In the theory of inequality, from the Angle of the history in the country of origin is explained especially on the three stages of "inequality", Rousseau put forward another a kind of contract, the contract makes the existing countries to produce, it is more a social contract, as a "political agreement", because the important content of the contract is confirmed ruler's dominance, the formation and legalization of the government is the core of the contract terms, the establishment of private ownership and the law to protect private ownership is through such a "political agreement". Rousseau only use a small amount of space in the theory of inequality theory and second kind of social contract, as rich cheating poor contract, its purpose is to make the legalization of the rule of the rich, make the wealth inequality into political inequality, it essentially as a "political agreement", but also because of a "social" state before the contracts have been existed for a long time, to sign the contract but is to build a country and its violent machine and make it a way of legalization, as a result, "political agreement" is essentially a contract "rule". This contract makes people completely lose the natural freedom in the state of nature. People "born free" in the state of nature are "always in chains" in the state of politics. "Ruling contract" is a historical way to make human beings transition from social state to political state. It actually criticizes the legitimacy and justice of all existing states.

The relationship between the three natural states and the two social contracts in Rousseau's political theory can be more intuitively illustrated by the following figure. It can be seen from the figure that there are two logical clues in the argumentation process from the natural state to the contract society: one is to analyze the essential attribute of human from the status and characteristics of human in the natural state, and then demonstrate which kind of society can realize the essence of human. Second, it emphasizes the irreversibility of historical development. On the basis of acknowledging the beauty of the original state and the regressive nature of social and political development in the fundamental sense, it believes that only the "combined" contract can fundamentally free human society from the cycle of chaos caused by slavery and the "ruling" contract.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创paper代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Essay的写作技巧分享

大部分留学新生在刚开始接触essay写作的时候，都是比较迷茫的，毕竟英文的写作跟中文有很大的区别，如果同学们还是按照以前的思维方式去写作essay，那么是不可能写好essay的。同学们要想尽快学会写作essay，那么还是得掌握一些essay的写作技巧，下面就给大家分享一下。

一、正确的动词

在essay写作中，你需要不断地借以专家的权威观点来支撑essay中自己的观点。当你提到专家时，你应该使用以下动词，以免别人看你的essay反而觉得你对于别人的论点过于肯定。如：Brown(2010) holds that…Brown(2010) surveys that…Brown(2010) argues that…在essay的引用中，使用现在时，即便该研究是在1999年或更早进行的。这是因为过去的研究所得到的学术结论，对于现在essay来说仍然具有价值。

二、正确的表达方式——essay的组织构架

第一部分：introduction介绍如：This essay will firstly…then…next…finally…

第二部分：main body正文如：In order to begin the investigation…However, …On the other hand, …Furthermore，…Turning now to …

第三部分：conclusion结论如：Finally, the main issues…

三、高分essay写作实例分析

什么样的essay写作实例能获得高分呢？原因有4点：

1.描述了具体事件

2.分析了现状

3.综合了理论和实际

4.有essay段落、文章的主旨句以上就是关于Essay的写作技巧分享，语言和表达方式是essay写作的基本框架和保障，在这个基础上把essay写作论点论据填充进去，万变不离其宗。

以上就是关于essay写作技巧的分享，希望留学新生看完之后，都能写好essay，拿到高分。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：War Can Bring Out the Best

本篇paper代写- War Can Bring Out the Best讨论了战争能带来的好结果。战争能真正激发出人们最好的一面，因为它能在这些年轻士兵之间建立起牢固的同志情谊和深厚的友谊，让这些年轻士兵之间的关爱、人性和相互依赖。另外，在战争中，还可以消除一系列的差别，包括阶级划分。虽然战争能激发人们最好的一面，但考虑到战争的严重危害，最好还是要避免战争。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Introduction

It is known to us that war can bring out the worst in us and it has really caused various detrimental effects on the vast majority of people over the history. And the influence of war is so serious that many soldiers still have postwar shadows even long after the end of the war. However, war can as well bring out the best in us, which can be readily detected from Erich Maria Remarque’s novel titled All Quiet on the Western Front. This novel has explored comradeship in a ravishing way, during which Paul’s friendship with his fellow soldiers has been well delivered. War can really bring out the best in people in that it can help create strong comradeship and deep friendship among those young soldiers, which can be embodied via the below three aspects: the formation of the extraordinarily strong bond between these young men; the caring, humanity and reliance on one another among those young soldiers; the erasing of a series of distinctions including the class divisions.

War Can Bring Out the Best

First and foremost, war has helped create an extraordinarily strong bond between these young men that peace never could. As a matter of fact, camaraderie plays a part in relieving the horrible descriptions of front line death and assaults and it as well supplies a bright light to a place with nonstop darkness. Detailed speaking, a young soldier is afraid of guns when he firstly engages himself on the battlefield when there are explosions and a rocket fire in Chapter 4. As a result, he searches for a shelter to Paul and buries his head in the chest and arms of Paul. And Paul gently and kindly comforts him that he will soon get accustomed to it sooner or later. Based on this, camaraderie can be easily imagined; otherwise there won’t be such intimacy between this young recruit and Paul. Apart from that, Paul and his friends waylay Himmelstoss and beat on him, which can show that Paul and his friends stand by one another and they would like to fight against their common enemies. It is known to us that Himmelstoss deserves it and Paul and his friends are just giving him his due.

Actually, these young men are comrades-in-arms and they are more intimate than family members or even lovers. The rationale why such intense bond between them can be formed lies in that they have together endured unimaginable sufferings and seen unspeakable horrors, which are all issues that can never be shared with those who do not have war experiences. They can understand one another better because they are going through the same journey. What the comrades mean to Paul can be found in the sentence that “I could almost weep. I can hardly control myself any longer. But it will soon be all right back here with Kat and Albert. This is where I belong” (). Also, what has to be pointed out is that the death of one soldier will naturally induce a powerful emotional reaction among the other soldiers. However, grief is too much for these battle-hardened soldiers to suffer in that they are unable to mourn their fallen friends properly in addition to the outbursts of rage and sorrow (Cristina Pividori. 2017). With the development of this novel, we can know that Paul becomes increasingly numb to the losses of other soldiers so that he unconsciously emphasizes more on his relationship with Kat. Therefore he continues to fight with the accompanying of Kat and Kat becomes his closest friend at last. But he turns to have no will to survive after the death of Kat and he even accepts and welcomes his own death in the end of the novel. Without his comrade-in-arms Kat, he is without the will to live, which can as well help suggest how the bond is between these young soldiers.

Moreover, Paul’s friendship with Kat is another relationship worth exploring when the idea that war can bring out the best would like to be better illustrated, which can perfectly imply caring, humanity and reliance. The most impressive one is the scene with the goose dinner. In Chapter 5, Kat and Paul have got a goose and they are cooking it in the late night. Paul says. “We don’t talk much, but I believe we have a more complete communion with one another than even lovers have” (), which indicates that they would definitely live or die together and their communion is so complete that it is more complete than the lovers have. In the meantime, it can directly bring Paul peace and reassurance when he hears Kat’s voice and sees Kat roasting the goose nearby. In the mind of Paul, Kat is not only a friend of his own anymore but that Kat has actually become a father-figure for Paul.

Besides, the comradeship of this group of young men can be easily found in both the scenes of battle and the scenes of rest over and over again. Maybe Paul really counts their losses at many different aspects, but he still deems their attempts and close relationship to make them stay together to offer help to each other. Just take the scene in which Paul is trapped in Chapter 9 as an example. In Chapter 9, Paul loses his direction and his nerve and he is afraid of his death when he is alone in the trench. However, the voices his comrades immediately lead Paul to regain his nerve and what his friends say are “I belong to them and they to me; we all share the same fear and the same life; we are nearer than lovers, in a simpler, a harder way; I could bury my face in them in these voices, these words that have saved me and will stand by me” (). Taking the fact that his friends’ voices can quickly make Paul regain his nerve into consideration, there is no doubt that these young men have absolutely become the soul-mates of one another. Or maybe it can be put in another way that there is grace here at the same time and the grace appears when those soldiers get clear about their humanity and their reliance on other soldiers when they are confronted with hopelessness and all sorrow. But what is a pity to say is that Kat is so important to Paul that Kat’s death really hurts Paul a lot in Chapter 11. The more detailed condition is that Kat’s death is so final and so overwhelming to Paul and we do not hear his reaction at all. What we can only see is that he breaks down in the face of it and the loss of Kat is really too much for him to stand or accept. It is rather hard to imagine how it will be when you lose one that is closer than your own blood relatives, which is right what Paul experiences when he loses Kat in the end. Kat’s death represents the crashing down of Paul’s world.

Last but not the least, war has erased a series of distinctions, like the class divisions. In this novel, a fair knowledge can be obtained that these young men choose to hold each other up all the time no matter what happens, through battle and rest, hopelessness and horror, think and thin, etc. and without taking any regard of which class they are from. Class divisions no longer matter in the front and they have to die without any difference. Young men that are well-educated, such as Paul, have to fight in the battlefield and even die for it, which is the same as peasants including Detering (Sandra De La Torre. 2013). To put it more specifically, war has made Paul a totally different person after undergoing too many losses of other soldiers and what he cares about is the survival of himself and other soldiers. Due to the formation of comradeship, these soldiers have cultivated altruism to help them adjust and survive throughout the war and they also trust and cooperate with one other. The sentence “Kropp divides a cigarette and hands me half. Tjaden gives an account of his..broad-beans and bacon.. Kat appears.. he has two loaves of bread under his arm and bloodstained sandbag full of horse-flesh in his hand” () shows that that these soldiers learn to help one another and they perceive the importance of mutual help in that each and every one have their own unique and special skills and talents. The divisions between them are just nothing when compared with their survival.

Conclusion

To sum up, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn that war can definitely bring out the best in people because it really plays an important part in creating strong comradeship and deep friendship among those young soldiers and it can be justified by the following three aspects: the formation of the extraordinarily strong bond between these young men; the caring, humanity and reliance on one another among those young soldiers; the erasing of a series of distinctions including the class divisions. Though the war can bring out the best in people, war is better to be avoided when taking the severe detrimental effects of war into account.

Works Cited

Cristina Pividori. 2017. Searching for the Happy Battalion in Times of Crisis: Fraternal Friendships and the Heroic in the Great War Memoirs of Guy and Chapman and Charles Carrington. An International Journal of the Humanities. Online available from: http://wlajournal.com/wlaarchive/28/pividori.pdf.

Erich Maria Remarque. All Quiet on the Western Front. Ballantine Books. 1987.

Sandra De La Torre. 18 December, 2013. Comrade in All Quiet on the Western Front. Online available from: https://prezi.com/s8j2odu-emg3/comradeship-in-all-quiet-on-the-western-front/.

要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。

Essay代写：Anglo-Saxon influence on Britain

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Anglo-Saxon influence on Britain，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了盎格鲁―撒克逊对英国的影响。盎格鲁一撒克逊时期的各项制度都为英国以后的各种民主制度的完善和发展提供了大致的轮廓。盎格鲁一撒克逊的传统不同于大陆的罗马文明，也因此形成了不列颠海岛和大陆长期的明显不同的社会发展状况。原始氏族社会对文明社会的占领和统治或许是一种社会的倒退，但是原始社会的许多民主的成分却又能够很好的规避文明社会的各种陋病，从而为文明社会从新找寻正确的方向。从这个角度说，盎格鲁-撒克逊的传统习惯对英国影响深远。

As the germans moved westward, bringing destruction to the western Roman empire, they also extended their tentacles to the British Isles, where they lived and survived. Although disaster was essential, the arrival of these anglo-saxons, who were still in the gentile society, brought with it many of the democratic traditions of the primitive society. In addition, with the continuous development of British history, these democratic factors have more and more profound influence on the political system of Britain and other aspects, constantly flashing a dazzling light of democracy and becoming a model for many countries to follow.

Claudius finally succeeded in taking over England in AD 43 and began a systematic reign. The Roman Empire ruled England for nearly four hundred years, but during that time the Romans had little influence on Britain. But in the fifth century AD, when the Roman Empire withdrew from Britain to fend off the Germanic invasion, the British, long under the protection of the Romans, were unable to respond effectively to the invasion of the barbarians in the north. To resist the invasion, the British appealed to the retreating Roman legions. "In the fifth century, all the legions went on their missions. In 410, in response to a barrage of urgent letters from England, emperor honorius had no choice but to send a farewell letter to Britain, saying that the administrative regions of the Roman empire should try to defend themselves. In desperation, the British rulers imitated the traditional methods of the Roman rulers and recruited many Anglo-Saxon mercenaries from abroad to strengthen their own power. Later, events proved that the British practice was an act of aggression. After successfully driving the celts and other barbarians out of England, the anglo-saxons did not leave, but settled. British history has since entered the Anglo-Saxon era.

The anglo-saxons were all Germanic. The Germanic peoples were a group of tribes that lived in primitive gentile times before the fourth century AD on the Rhine, Danube, and Baltic rivers beyond the borders of Rome. The Germans were still a barbarian society compared to the advanced Roman civilization. The primitive condition of the anglo-saxons can be seen in Julius Caesar's Gaul, Tacitus' germania, and the Anglo-Saxon chronicle of the Avery period. In the early days, the anglo-saxons of the continent were rarely engaged in agriculture, but mainly engaged in animal husbandry and hunting for a living. The land is jointly owned by the commune, without private possession, and the property is collectively owned. Later, with the development of productive forces, the emphasis on the status of agriculture, the abundance of products, and the constant appearance of metal tools, the clan society also began to undergo significant changes, and began to turn into a class society. For example, the supreme organ of the tribe is the general assembly, at which only nobles can put forward proposals, while the general members of the tribe can only express their agreement or opposition. But even so, compared with the hierarchical Roman civilization, the social forms and customs of the anglo-saxons are still democratic and unique. When these people set foot on the British Isles, they also influenced the development of British society, and had a great influence on the emergence of various constitutional systems and the democratic tradition of Britain. Below, we take a look at the specific manifestations of these effects:

For a long time before that, the anglo-saxons had no Kings, only military chiefs. Military chiefs were also elected AD hoc in wartime. Later, due to the constant need of the war, the military chiefs were able to stay put and gained great power. But this was necessary because of a long military war. The principles of democracy in primitive societies did not want the power of military chiefs or Kings to be too strong. The crown is constrained. First of all, Anglo-Saxon royalty was constrained by its primitive habit of electing military chiefs. The Kings of England were elected by the synod. Although lineage and birth were important preconditions for the selection of the king, they could not be considered legitimate without the approval of the witan. Secondly, the rights of Kings were also limited by common law. The anglo-saxons in the long - term development, the formation of respect and respect for the law. Although their common law was a patchwork of rules-based norms, they still believed that obedience to the law would stabilize society and protect the sanctity of private property. Every succeeding king must first pledge his allegiance to the law, and strictly guarantee that he will act in accordance with the authority of the law and act in accordance with the law upon his accession to the throne. The king must not only pay lip service to the law, but must also obey it in his actions. Otherwise, the king would be condemned by the witan and condemned by his subjects.

The common law is the main source of English law, which embodies the characteristics of English law. It was developed by the Norman and plantagenet dynasties on the basis of Anglo-Saxon common law in the long period of feudal society. "The English entered the feudal society directly on the basis of the disintegration of the primitive society, and the public's sense of democracy remains in the form of remnants. The common law, which has long been recognized by the public, has a profound social foundation and has a strong binding force on the members of the society, including the king and the royal family. In Anglo-Saxon times, the law existed before the royal power, and the king could not easily change the law. In England, the secular aristocracy and the public had a general recognition of the existing habits and laws. "Every Saxon king, when making a new law at the suggestion of a secular aristocrat, must first reaffirm the existing law." This can be reflected in the Enid code and the Alfred code mentioned in this article.

After the Norman conquest, the rulers of England retained and improved the common law in the Anglo-Saxon period, thus resulting in the common law different from the Roman legal system. This was also the anglo-saxons' contribution to English law.

The witan was an important and precious inheritance that the anglo-saxons brought to England. It is the important expression of primitive social democratic style. The witan was made up of priests and nobles. Important decisions were made on the major activities of the state, such as taxation, diplomacy, defense and enfeoffment, and it was the main constraint on the power of the crown. The main contribution of the witan to democracy was its consultative function. Its main functions in the Anglo-Saxon period are as follows: firstly, all the codes in the Anglo-Saxon period were formulated with the participation and consent of the witan. The code of Alfred also declares in the preface that these laws were presented to the witan by the king and passed by unanimous consent. Secondly, the fiefdoms of the king and the collection of Danish gold were also subject to the consent of the witan. Again, war or peace was made subject to the approval of the witan. It is recorded that the treaty of demarcation signed by Alfred and king guthrun of Denmark in 886 was also approved by the witan.

It can be seen from the above discussion that all the systems in the Anglo-Saxon period provided a general outline for the improvement and development of various democratic systems in Britain. The Anglo-Saxon tradition was different from that of the Roman civilization on the mainland, which led to the distinct social development of the British Isles and the mainland for a long time. The occupation and domination of the primitive clan society to the civilized society may be a kind of social retrogress, but many democratic elements of the primitive society can well avoid all kinds of vices of the civilized society, so as to find the right direction for the civilized society. In this sense, the Anglo-Saxon tradition has had a profound influence on Britain.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。