今回は割と空気を読まない更新（謎）。
なんか知らんが、天下のベンヤミン・ネタニャフ（Benyamin NETANYAHU）イスラエル首相が「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と定めた法案を議会に提出するらしい。
・Making Israel’s Jewish status the law: Does it matter?（2014年11月20日 jta.org）
この法案（nation-state law：חוק מדינת הלאום）は、イスラエルの憲法に相当する基本法（Basic Laws：イスラエルには憲法がないため他の法律より変更が難しい）の一部を修正するものらしい。
法案の一部には、以前からあった法律の条文も盛り込まれてるらしいが・・・。
以下、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からこの法案の概要を説明してる部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
The bill makes clear that Israel is the state of the Jews or, in the words of the bill, “defines the State of Israel’s identity as the nation-state of the Jewish people.”
Among other things, it means that Jewish law should inspire its legal system and that Israel’s national holidays will be the Jewish holidays plus Independence and Memorial Day.
The bill affirms that the country’s national anthem is “Hatikvah” and that its flag is the blue-and-white star-and-stripes.
For good measure, the bill also affirms the Law of Return, which gives automatic citizenship to any Jew who wants it.
Some of the bill’s sections already are law.
But the nation-state law would become one of the so-called Basic Laws, which like a constitution guide Israel’s legal system and are more difficult than regular laws to repeal.
Two drafts of the nation-state law have been proposed recently by right-wing lawmakers.
The one on the table now is a compromise formulated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office.
The earlier version also would have defined Hebrew as Israel’s sole national language, giving Arabic a secondary status, and affirmed the importance of settlement throughout Israel’s borders ― a term that was not defined.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
この法案については、内容が内容だけに結構反対意見が出てるのよね。
参考までに、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からその部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Opponents of the bill worry that it will prioritize Israel’s Jewish character over its democracy.
Israel’s declaration of independence defines it as a Jewish and democratic state, a dual mandate that has sometimes been a tough balancing act for the country.
The opponents worry that the bill will further alienate Israel’s Arab minority, who make up about a fifth of the population, fomenting discord in Israel and giving ammunition to Israel’s detractors.
In particular, some Israeli legal scholars oppose sections of the bill that say legislation should be inspired by Jewish law and that courts should look to Jewish law in cases where civil law provides no clear answer.
“Israel is a nation-state whose vision has three essential ingredients: Jewishness, democracy and human rights,” Hebrew University law professor Ruth Gavison wrote in a government-commissioned report on the bill that was released this week.
“The nation-state law is likely to upset the essential balance of safeguarding the entire vision.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と宣言するってことは、イスラエルに住んでるユダヤ系の人達「でない」人達（ほとんどはパレスチナの人達）に対し「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と認めることを求めることを意味するわけで。
それが、ユダヤ系の人達「でない」人達への（現在も行われてるであろう）有形無形の圧力の強化に結び付くのは自明のことなのに・・・。
そうした反対意見に関して、NETANYAHU首相は今年の5月の時点で妙なことを述べてた模様。
・Netanyahu pushes to define Israel as nation state of Jewish people only（2014年5月4日 theguardian.com）
以下、2014年5月4日分 theguradian.com『Netanyahu pushes to～』から中盤部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Despite the intention that the new law should guarantee full equal rights, critics say it strays into contentious territory in its explicit definition which, regardless of passport and citizenship, would codify a differential notion of nationhood.
Netanyahu laid out his rationale for the change at the cabinet meeting.
"The state of Israel is a Jewish and democratic state. Our basic laws give full expression to the democratic side of the state," he said.
"On the other hand, that the state of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish people is not sufficiently expressed in our basic laws, and this is what the draft basic law is meant to provide.
"The state of Israel provides full equal rights, individual rights, to all its citizens, but it is the nation state of one people only – the Jewish people – and of no other people. And therefore, in order to bolster the status of the state of Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people, I intend to submit a basic law that will anchor this status."
He added: "Of course, there are those who do not want the state of Israel to be defined as the nation state of the Jewish people. They want a Palestinian nation state to be established alongside us and that Israel should gradually become a binational, Arab-Jewish state inside shrunken borders. But I simply say that one cannot hold the national stick at both of its national ends.
"They cannot say that they want to separate from the Palestinians in order to prevent a binational state, which has a certain logic, and also sanctify a binational, Jewish-Arab state within the permanent borders of the state of Israel."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
上の引用部分におけるNETANYAHU首相の発言は、「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」であることを認めた上でという前提条件があるんだろうけど・・・。
この発言を5月の時点で行ってたのは、この法案が実際に成立した際に与える影響の大きさを示唆してるのかもな。
その辺について、Israel Democracy Institute という団体に所属してるアミール・フックス（Amir Fuchs）氏は意味深な指摘をしてた。
以下、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からその部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Amir Fuchs, the head of the Defending Democratic Values project at the Israel Democracy Institute think tank in Jerusalem, says the law will make it easier for discriminatory laws to pass Knesset and stand up in court.
“The goal here is to change the balance from where we have too much democracy, too much liberty and not enough Judaism,” he said, explaining supporters’ views.
“If you want to pass a law that discriminates against Arabs, now you can claim that the [Arab-Israeli] demographic threat [to a Jewish majority] justifies the law.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
イスラエルは民主主義国家から宗教国家に向かう・・・のか？
なんか知らんが、天下のベンヤミン・ネタニャフ（Benyamin NETANYAHU）イスラエル首相が「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と定めた法案を議会に提出するらしい。
・Making Israel’s Jewish status the law: Does it matter?（2014年11月20日 jta.org）
この法案（nation-state law：חוק מדינת הלאום）は、イスラエルの憲法に相当する基本法（Basic Laws：イスラエルには憲法がないため他の法律より変更が難しい）の一部を修正するものらしい。
法案の一部には、以前からあった法律の条文も盛り込まれてるらしいが・・・。
以下、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からこの法案の概要を説明してる部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
The bill makes clear that Israel is the state of the Jews or, in the words of the bill, “defines the State of Israel’s identity as the nation-state of the Jewish people.”
Among other things, it means that Jewish law should inspire its legal system and that Israel’s national holidays will be the Jewish holidays plus Independence and Memorial Day.
The bill affirms that the country’s national anthem is “Hatikvah” and that its flag is the blue-and-white star-and-stripes.
For good measure, the bill also affirms the Law of Return, which gives automatic citizenship to any Jew who wants it.
Some of the bill’s sections already are law.
But the nation-state law would become one of the so-called Basic Laws, which like a constitution guide Israel’s legal system and are more difficult than regular laws to repeal.
Two drafts of the nation-state law have been proposed recently by right-wing lawmakers.
The one on the table now is a compromise formulated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office.
The earlier version also would have defined Hebrew as Israel’s sole national language, giving Arabic a secondary status, and affirmed the importance of settlement throughout Israel’s borders ― a term that was not defined.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
この法案については、内容が内容だけに結構反対意見が出てるのよね。
参考までに、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からその部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Opponents of the bill worry that it will prioritize Israel’s Jewish character over its democracy.
Israel’s declaration of independence defines it as a Jewish and democratic state, a dual mandate that has sometimes been a tough balancing act for the country.
The opponents worry that the bill will further alienate Israel’s Arab minority, who make up about a fifth of the population, fomenting discord in Israel and giving ammunition to Israel’s detractors.
In particular, some Israeli legal scholars oppose sections of the bill that say legislation should be inspired by Jewish law and that courts should look to Jewish law in cases where civil law provides no clear answer.
“Israel is a nation-state whose vision has three essential ingredients: Jewishness, democracy and human rights,” Hebrew University law professor Ruth Gavison wrote in a government-commissioned report on the bill that was released this week.
“The nation-state law is likely to upset the essential balance of safeguarding the entire vision.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と宣言するってことは、イスラエルに住んでるユダヤ系の人達「でない」人達（ほとんどはパレスチナの人達）に対し「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」と認めることを求めることを意味するわけで。
それが、ユダヤ系の人達「でない」人達への（現在も行われてるであろう）有形無形の圧力の強化に結び付くのは自明のことなのに・・・。
そうした反対意見に関して、NETANYAHU首相は今年の5月の時点で妙なことを述べてた模様。
・Netanyahu pushes to define Israel as nation state of Jewish people only（2014年5月4日 theguardian.com）
以下、2014年5月4日分 theguradian.com『Netanyahu pushes to～』から中盤部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Despite the intention that the new law should guarantee full equal rights, critics say it strays into contentious territory in its explicit definition which, regardless of passport and citizenship, would codify a differential notion of nationhood.
Netanyahu laid out his rationale for the change at the cabinet meeting.
"The state of Israel is a Jewish and democratic state. Our basic laws give full expression to the democratic side of the state," he said.
"On the other hand, that the state of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish people is not sufficiently expressed in our basic laws, and this is what the draft basic law is meant to provide.
"The state of Israel provides full equal rights, individual rights, to all its citizens, but it is the nation state of one people only – the Jewish people – and of no other people. And therefore, in order to bolster the status of the state of Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people, I intend to submit a basic law that will anchor this status."
He added: "Of course, there are those who do not want the state of Israel to be defined as the nation state of the Jewish people. They want a Palestinian nation state to be established alongside us and that Israel should gradually become a binational, Arab-Jewish state inside shrunken borders. But I simply say that one cannot hold the national stick at both of its national ends.
"They cannot say that they want to separate from the Palestinians in order to prevent a binational state, which has a certain logic, and also sanctify a binational, Jewish-Arab state within the permanent borders of the state of Israel."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
上の引用部分におけるNETANYAHU首相の発言は、「イスラエルはユダヤ国家」であることを認めた上でという前提条件があるんだろうけど・・・。
この発言を5月の時点で行ってたのは、この法案が実際に成立した際に与える影響の大きさを示唆してるのかもな。
その辺について、Israel Democracy Institute という団体に所属してるアミール・フックス（Amir Fuchs）氏は意味深な指摘をしてた。
以下、2014年11月20日分 jta.org『Making Israel's～』からその部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Amir Fuchs, the head of the Defending Democratic Values project at the Israel Democracy Institute think tank in Jerusalem, says the law will make it easier for discriminatory laws to pass Knesset and stand up in court.
“The goal here is to change the balance from where we have too much democracy, too much liberty and not enough Judaism,” he said, explaining supporters’ views.
“If you want to pass a law that discriminates against Arabs, now you can claim that the [Arab-Israeli] demographic threat [to a Jewish majority] justifies the law.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
イスラエルは民主主義国家から宗教国家に向かう・・・のか？
ていうか、究極のところネタニャフ氏は、キリスト教徒はともかくイスラム教徒なんて人間と思っちゃいないんでしょうけどね。
＞イスラエルをユダヤ国家と正式に宣言するってのは、やはりいろいろハードルが高い側面もありますよね
イスラエル国内もそうですが、対外的にも影響は大きいと思われます。
その1つとしては、「イスラエルは世界各地にいるユダヤ教徒の人達を代表し保護する」という主張を法的に裏書きするというものです。
イスラエルの存在自体が、世界各地にいるユダヤ教徒の人達の間で続けられてきたディアスポラの否定という側面を踏まえれば、非常に皮肉な展開ですが。
＞究極のところネタニャフ氏は、キリスト教徒はともかくイスラム教徒なんて人間と思っちゃいないんでしょうけどね。
下手したら、ヒンズー教徒や仏教徒、神道を信仰する人達も人間として思ってないとか・・・。