今回は、ソマリア沖で活動する海賊に関する話・・・。
前にもネタにしたが、ソマリア沖では海賊のみならず違法操業や不法投棄が横行してるんだよな。
この件は以下参照（手抜き）
・海賊対策もいいけど違法操業対策も忘れずに 2 （2010年12月6日 flagburner's blog(仮)）
・ソマリア沖での海賊対策もいいけど違法操業＋不法投棄対策も忘れずに 3（2012年7月10日 flagburner's blog(仮)）
で、EU や日本や中国や米国などは、海軍の艦船をソマリア沖に出動させるなど主に海賊対策を強化していた。
そのおかげかどうか知らんが、国際海事局（International Maritime Bureau）によると今年の海賊行為は過去3年間で一番少ないらしい（2012年10月時点）。
・IMB reports drop in Somali piracy, but warns against complacency（2012年10月22日 icc-ccs.org）
参考までに、2012年10月22日分 icc-ccs.org『IMB reports ～』から前半部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
The number of ships signalling attacks by Somali pirates has fallen this year to its lowest since 2009, a report from the International Chamber of Commerce International Maritime Bureau (IMB) revealed today, but IMB warns seafarers to remain vigilant in the high-risk waters around Somalia, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Meanwhile, violent attacks and hijackings are spreading in the Gulf of Guinea.
Worldwide this year, pirates have killed at least six crew and taken 448 seafarers hostage.
The IMB Piracy Reporting Centre recorded that 125 vessels were boarded, 24 hijacked and 26 fired upon.
In addition, 58 attempted attacks were reported.
The drop in Somali piracy has brought global figures for piracy and armed robbery at sea down to 233 incidents this year – the lowest third quarter total since 2008.
In the first nine months of 2012, there were 70 Somali attacks compared with 199 for the corresponding period in 2011.
And from July to September, just one ship reported an attempted attack by Somali pirates, compared with 36 incidents in the same three months last year.
IMB says policing and interventions by international navies are deterring pirates, along with ships’ employment of Best Management Practice including the use of armed guards and other onboard security measures.
“We welcome the successful robust targeting of Pirate Action Groups by international navies in the high risk waters off Somalia, ensuring these criminals are removed before they can threaten ships,“ said Captain Pottengal Mukundan, Director of IMB, a membership organization that has monitored world piracy since 1991.
“It’s good news that hijackings are down, but there can be no room for complacency: these waters are still extremely high-risk and the naval presence must be maintained.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
海賊行為の件数が減ったのはソマリア沖に海軍がいるから、とは言えなくもないんだろうが・・・。
ソマリアの人達が海賊行為をしなくても済む状態にするのが、本来の理想っちゃ理想だと思ふ。
その中で無視できないのは、漁業を行う人達が漁業を行える環境を整えることのはずだが・・・。
・SOMALIA: Potential goldmine for fishermen as piracy declines（2012年12月14日 IRINNEWS）
困ったことに、昔から今に至るまでソマリア政府はソマリア沖の領海に関する扱いについて妙な姿勢を取っていた。
以下、2012年12月14日分 IRINNEWS『Potential goldmine～』から後半の一部を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Somalia's new president, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, says he wants to “increase local food production to end poverty forever”.
Some 2.1 million people in the country are faced with hunger, particularly in the turbulent south.
The future of large-scale fishing in Somali waters is tied up in a legal dispute over how far these waters extend from the country’s coastline.
While the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which Somalia ratified in 1989, establishes 12 nautical miles from shore as an international norm for states’ territorial waters, Somalia has asserted sovereignty over seas up to 200 nautical miles from the coast.
Mogadishu has resisted international pressure to declare these outer waters an exclusive economic zone, a designation that confers numerous rights to the country but falls short of full sovereignty. (See here for more details.)
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
ソマリア政府としては、200海里内も領海云々と言わないと色々大変なのかも知れんが・・・。
こういうしょうもない拘りの裏で、ソマリア沖で漁業をしてた（る）漁師の人達が大変な目に遭ってることは忘れてはいけないはずなのにね。
なお、先月、国連の安全保障理事会では、ソマリアの海賊行為とか不法操業に不法投棄を防ぐための決議案が採択されていた。
・Unremitting Piracy off Somalia’s Coast Prompts Security Council to Renew：‘Authorizations’ for International Action for Another Year（2012年11月21日 un.urg）
この決議案は、過去に採択された決議案の再確認という性格が強いようだが・・・。
以下、2012年11月21日分 un.org『Unremitting Piracy off Somalia’s Coast～』から、第28項を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
“28. Urges States individually or within the framework of competent international organizations to positively consider investigating any new allegations of illegal fishing and illegal dumping, including of toxic substances, with a view to prosecuting such offences when committed by persons under their jurisdiction;
encourages increased efforts to monitor and report on such allegations; takes note of the report of the Secretary-General (S/2012/783), which acknowledges difficulty in providing detailed information related to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and dumping off Somalia’s coast without adequate monitoring or reporting systems, and states that the United Nations has received little evidence to date to justify claims that illegal fishing and dumping are factors responsible for forcing Somali youths to resort to piracy, and that there is currently no evidence of toxic waste dumping on land and at sea;
and emphasizes that the concerns about protection of the marine environment as well as resources should not be allowed to mask the true nature of piracy off the coast of Somalia which is a transnational criminal enterprise driven primarily by the opportunity for financial gain; and takes note of the Secretary-General’s intention to include updates on these issues in his reports relating to piracy off the Coast of Somalia;
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
こういう決議案が何度も可決されてること自体、ソマリア沖での違法操業と不法投棄対策が進んでいないのを示してるかと。
前にもネタにしたが、ソマリア沖では海賊のみならず違法操業や不法投棄が横行してるんだよな。
この件は以下参照（手抜き）
・海賊対策もいいけど違法操業対策も忘れずに 2 （2010年12月6日 flagburner's blog(仮)）
・ソマリア沖での海賊対策もいいけど違法操業＋不法投棄対策も忘れずに 3（2012年7月10日 flagburner's blog(仮)）
で、EU や日本や中国や米国などは、海軍の艦船をソマリア沖に出動させるなど主に海賊対策を強化していた。
そのおかげかどうか知らんが、国際海事局（International Maritime Bureau）によると今年の海賊行為は過去3年間で一番少ないらしい（2012年10月時点）。
・IMB reports drop in Somali piracy, but warns against complacency（2012年10月22日 icc-ccs.org）
参考までに、2012年10月22日分 icc-ccs.org『IMB reports ～』から前半部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
The number of ships signalling attacks by Somali pirates has fallen this year to its lowest since 2009, a report from the International Chamber of Commerce International Maritime Bureau (IMB) revealed today, but IMB warns seafarers to remain vigilant in the high-risk waters around Somalia, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Meanwhile, violent attacks and hijackings are spreading in the Gulf of Guinea.
Worldwide this year, pirates have killed at least six crew and taken 448 seafarers hostage.
The IMB Piracy Reporting Centre recorded that 125 vessels were boarded, 24 hijacked and 26 fired upon.
In addition, 58 attempted attacks were reported.
The drop in Somali piracy has brought global figures for piracy and armed robbery at sea down to 233 incidents this year – the lowest third quarter total since 2008.
In the first nine months of 2012, there were 70 Somali attacks compared with 199 for the corresponding period in 2011.
And from July to September, just one ship reported an attempted attack by Somali pirates, compared with 36 incidents in the same three months last year.
IMB says policing and interventions by international navies are deterring pirates, along with ships’ employment of Best Management Practice including the use of armed guards and other onboard security measures.
“We welcome the successful robust targeting of Pirate Action Groups by international navies in the high risk waters off Somalia, ensuring these criminals are removed before they can threaten ships,“ said Captain Pottengal Mukundan, Director of IMB, a membership organization that has monitored world piracy since 1991.
“It’s good news that hijackings are down, but there can be no room for complacency: these waters are still extremely high-risk and the naval presence must be maintained.”
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
海賊行為の件数が減ったのはソマリア沖に海軍がいるから、とは言えなくもないんだろうが・・・。
ソマリアの人達が海賊行為をしなくても済む状態にするのが、本来の理想っちゃ理想だと思ふ。
その中で無視できないのは、漁業を行う人達が漁業を行える環境を整えることのはずだが・・・。
・SOMALIA: Potential goldmine for fishermen as piracy declines（2012年12月14日 IRINNEWS）
困ったことに、昔から今に至るまでソマリア政府はソマリア沖の領海に関する扱いについて妙な姿勢を取っていた。
以下、2012年12月14日分 IRINNEWS『Potential goldmine～』から後半の一部を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Somalia's new president, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, says he wants to “increase local food production to end poverty forever”.
Some 2.1 million people in the country are faced with hunger, particularly in the turbulent south.
The future of large-scale fishing in Somali waters is tied up in a legal dispute over how far these waters extend from the country’s coastline.
While the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which Somalia ratified in 1989, establishes 12 nautical miles from shore as an international norm for states’ territorial waters, Somalia has asserted sovereignty over seas up to 200 nautical miles from the coast.
Mogadishu has resisted international pressure to declare these outer waters an exclusive economic zone, a designation that confers numerous rights to the country but falls short of full sovereignty. (See here for more details.)
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
ソマリア政府としては、200海里内も領海云々と言わないと色々大変なのかも知れんが・・・。
こういうしょうもない拘りの裏で、ソマリア沖で漁業をしてた（る）漁師の人達が大変な目に遭ってることは忘れてはいけないはずなのにね。
なお、先月、国連の安全保障理事会では、ソマリアの海賊行為とか不法操業に不法投棄を防ぐための決議案が採択されていた。
・Unremitting Piracy off Somalia’s Coast Prompts Security Council to Renew：‘Authorizations’ for International Action for Another Year（2012年11月21日 un.urg）
この決議案は、過去に採択された決議案の再確認という性格が強いようだが・・・。
以下、2012年11月21日分 un.org『Unremitting Piracy off Somalia’s Coast～』から、第28項を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
“28. Urges States individually or within the framework of competent international organizations to positively consider investigating any new allegations of illegal fishing and illegal dumping, including of toxic substances, with a view to prosecuting such offences when committed by persons under their jurisdiction;
encourages increased efforts to monitor and report on such allegations; takes note of the report of the Secretary-General (S/2012/783), which acknowledges difficulty in providing detailed information related to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and dumping off Somalia’s coast without adequate monitoring or reporting systems, and states that the United Nations has received little evidence to date to justify claims that illegal fishing and dumping are factors responsible for forcing Somali youths to resort to piracy, and that there is currently no evidence of toxic waste dumping on land and at sea;
and emphasizes that the concerns about protection of the marine environment as well as resources should not be allowed to mask the true nature of piracy off the coast of Somalia which is a transnational criminal enterprise driven primarily by the opportunity for financial gain; and takes note of the Secretary-General’s intention to include updates on these issues in his reports relating to piracy off the Coast of Somalia;
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
こういう決議案が何度も可決されてること自体、ソマリア沖での違法操業と不法投棄対策が進んでいないのを示してるかと。
