Essay写作的引言怎么写

Introduction就是论文中的引言。一般来讲，一篇Essay的开头部分就是Introduction，其目的就是吸引读者以及介绍全文。很多留学生认为Introduction是Essay写作中比较难的部分，所以同学们在写作Introduction的时候一定要注意细节问题，下面就给大家讲解一下。

在Essay写作中怎么写好Introduction也简单介绍一下。首先如果感到自己英语水平不是很好的学生，例如考IELTS是巧合考的好，而本身英语水平不是很高的话那就应该先设法用三段式。如开头写自己这篇Introduction的目的，说出自己的观点，可以用一些I argue that, I believe that, I hold that等引出自己的观点。第一段可以用fristly,引出自己的第一个最好的想法，通常老外都将最好的内容放在第一，最差的放在最后。引出第一段自己的观点后，下面用for example举几个例子来说明，最后如果字数少的话可以再用一句话概括一下。

如果写作水平本身就不差的学生可以开头以后用连贯的方式写下去，如教育孩子是否应该用打骂等，如果是反对，就提出自己的反对意见罗列这些打骂而越来越糟糕的现象，再一段可以写出危害，再一段可以列出哪些方法可以更加好的教育孩子，接着一段可以称述有哪些方法？为什么这样好？最后结尾点题。怎么写Introduction这样并不难。

Introduction怎么写的更好，还有一个就是一定要有好的词汇和句子的积累如处理好问题可以用approach这个单词而不要用deal with这个词。透视问题和看法尽量用perspective这样的词而不要用view这样简单的词，这样可以突出自己Introduction怎么写好的专业能力。

以上就是关于Introduction的写作讲解，只有写作好Introduction才能让你的导师对你的Essay提起兴趣，这样你的论文才有机会成功。

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北美作业代写：The cinematography

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The cinematography，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了电影摄影艺术。摄影不仅是电影艺术的重要组成部分，而且对于电影艺术起着决定性作用。导演的艺术和演员的表演，美术各环节无不通过摄影得以具体呈现。可以说，没有摄影便没有电影艺术。因此，把握电影摄影艺术的审美特征与艺术要素，对于整个电影艺术创作，既具有重要的理论思考价值，又具有实践参考价值。

Photography is an important part of film art. From three aspects of composition, color and light, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth discussion on the art of film photography. It has important reference value for the improvement of aesthetic taste and the grasp of aesthetic features of cinematography.

Photography is not only an important part of the film art, but also plays a decisive role in the film art. The artistic pursuit, artistic conception and artistic creation of the director, as well as the excellent performance of the actors, are embodied in all aspects of the art through photography. It can be said that without photography, there would be no film art. In a sense, it can even be said that the "shadow" of film is the art of photography. Therefore, to grasp the aesthetic features and artistic elements of film photography art has both important theoretical and practical value for the entire film art creation.

Specifically, the characteristics and key points of film photography mainly include the following three aspects.

It is well known that film art is the art of lens, or the art of picture, and the key point of lens and picture is composition.

The so-called "composition", originally an important language of painting art, refers to the layout and arrangement of various parts and factors of the object image to be displayed on the plane according to certain aesthetic principles and requirements of theme, theme and style, making it a complete artistic picture and image. In other words, composition is the structure of the picture. As the art of picture, the art of film pays equal attention to composition, but its composition is dynamic and changing. Composition plays an important role in movies. In his book "the elements of film", American film theorist boocker pointed out that "no director would treat composition carelessly. The composition of the whole film often depends on the film director's eye for composition. The composition of photography is the concrete embodiment of the director's composition. The main points of film photography composition are as follows:

The composition elements of the film are divided into three parts: subject, companion and environment. The companion is an object which forms a certain relationship with the subject and appears as the background of the subject. The environment is the scenery surrounding the main body and accompanying body, including the foreground and the background.

The category of composition is also called "scene", including panorama, distant view, middle view, close view, close-up, etc.

Photographic method of composition. Including photographic focal length, photographic methods, photographic Angle.

The composition of cinematography is divided into two styles: closed and open. Closed composition emphasizes the stylized design of the picture. The arrangement of the main body, accompanying body and environment is relatively rigorous, which achieves balanced, symmetrical and stable visual effect. The screen seems to be the frame of the painting in which all the artistic information is contained. For example, film master bergman's film composition has the art style of closed composition. And the open composition does not pay attention to the position management of the picture, the composition is relatively simple and natural.

Film picture composition is divided into two major schools: one is painting school, also known as "composition school", as the name implies, which refers to the composition principle of painting art and pursues the genre of picture modeling, integrity, visual sense and painting sense. For example, films such as yellow earth and black cannon event belong to the painting school composition. The other is the fantasy school, which emphasizes the authenticity, nature and life of the picture, and advocates capturing objects in motion and modeling in real shooting, with a distinct sense of scene witnessing. For example, films such as "the man who stole a bicycle", "no less than one", "autumn chrysanthemum in court" and so on, all belong to the documentary composition.

Color is one of the highlights of the film as well as an important artistic element of film photography. Marx once pointed out: "the sense of color is the most popular form of general beauty." In the film battleship potemkin, written and directed by eisenstein of the former Soviet union, red flags were added to the black-and-white film, becoming a striking artistic highlight and setting a precedent for color films. The appearance of color film makes color become an important art element of film and also an important art language of film photography. The main points of film photography color are as follows:

Colour fundamental key is the general tendency that shows colour in the picture and style, it is visual modelling, it is emotional atmosphere again, it is tonal, emotional appeal, have a kind of metaphor even, symbolic, tendentious connotation and implication. For example, the yellow tone in yellow land and the red tone in red sorghum all have profound and touching connotations and implications.

Color is often used as an integral part of the picture composition. For example, in the film little flower, its color tone is bright and warm, but the memory picture in it USES dark and cold tone, giving people the feeling of "old photo", forming a sharp contrast.

Light is also an important artistic element of cinematography.

The lighting of cinematography is varied. According to the light level, there are direct light, side light, top light, bottom light, etc. According to the light quality, there are concentrated light, astigmatism, soft light, hard light, etc. According to the light direction, there are front light, backlight, backlight, etc. According to the light adjustment, there are low - key light, high - key light; By photometric point, there are strong light, weak light, etc. There is some truth in the saying that "light is the sun of a film".

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Assignment代写：Renaissance sculpture

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Renaissance sculpture，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了文艺复兴时期的雕塑艺术。雕塑是人类最古老的艺术形式，而文艺复兴时期的雕塑艺术是西方艺术史上最辉煌的一页。文艺复兴时期也是西方雕塑史的第二个高峰，突破中世纪禁欲主义的束缚，以人文主义思想为宗旨，使包括雕塑在内的各种艺术创造出前所未有的辉煌。

As one of the oldest art forms of human beings, sculpture accumulates the weight and volume of history and supports the spiritual space of ancient ancestors. The Renaissance sculpture art is the most brilliant page in the history of western art. This article on the Renaissance sculpture art for a brief exploration as follows.

Western sculpture experienced the paleolithic age, neolithic age, ancient Greek, Roman, medieval, Renaissance, baroque, rococo, 19th century, 20th century, and to this day. Each era has its characteristics, which are impressive and have a profound influence on the sculpture art today.

In these periods of the development of sculpture art, the most influential art to me is the Renaissance sculpture art. The 350 years from the 14th century to the mid-16th century is the historical stage of the western transition from feudalism to capitalism, known as the "Renaissance period". It broke through the millennia-long medieval asceticism, with humanism as its purpose, reaffirming the value of human survival and personal significance. It is not only the revival and rebirth of ancient culture and art, but also the birth and prosperity of a comprehensive new culture. Although it is based on the revival of classical culture, it surpasses the influence of ancient Greek and Roman culture, taking people themselves as their aesthetic symbols and objects of expression, creating unprecedented brilliance in various art fields including sculpture.

Florence in Italy was irreplaceable at the beginning of the Renaissance and produced a large number of famous sculptors. Later, the rise of the Medici family, who were keen on art, provided a wide space for sculptors to display their artistic talent. During this period, the earliest important sculptors to emerge were Andre Pisano, cambio, gibelti, quelcha and banko. The most famous of these works is the two bronze door reliefs created by tui belti for the Florence baptistery. He spent a total of 38 years on these two large relief sculptures. The second of these bronze doors was once praised as "the gate of heaven" by Michelangelo, who gave a high rating. Quelcha's sculpting of the gates of Peter's basilica in polonia is also an outstanding work, and it is this sculpture that pioneered the grand style of the Renaissance.

Donatello, known as the "father of the Renaissance", was recognized as the first master of sculpture during the Renaissance. His sculptures reveal a more dynamic, individualistic approach to art than any previous sculptor. His statue of David, which boldly depicts nudity, not only established his naturalistic style, but also set a precedent for later sculptors to celebrate the spirit of nudity. He created a heroic image combining the ideal and the reality, showing a kind of solemn and noble temperament. Donatello also cultivated many excellent sculptors, such as verrocchio, whose works were realistic in style and elegant in style. Renaissance masters Da Vinci and botticelli were his students. Verrocchio, like donatello, made a statue of David and a large equestrian statue of coleoni, whose artistic achievements matched his teacher's.

Michelangelo was the greatest sculptor in Italy in the heyday of Renaissance, and also an unsurpassable peak in the history of western sculpture. Although he achieved remarkable achievements in sculpture, painting, architecture and many other art fields, he always claimed to be a sculptor. Michelangelo to express ideas, with stones with art beyond nature, make nature is subject to his concept of power and performance, use of deformation to produce a strong artistic effect, Michelangelo's "David", it is a combination of real and ideal of the perfect nude man, visually reflected the defenders invincible spirit, dynamic posture and tension is equal, and the whole attitude kept in suspense, expectation, increased the connotation of the endless artistic charm. In the overall structure of the artist made some artistic exaggeration, to enhance the sense of giants, such as the larger hand joints, longer legs and so on. But every detail of his anatomical structure is airtight and shows Michelangelo's prodigious artistic talent. On February 18, 1564, a great sculptor died. His death also marked the beginning of the Italian Renaissance.

Since the 1620s, a new generation of sculptors following Michelangelo began to pursue their own styles and gradually formed a aesthetic tendency of paying attention to forms, which was called "styling". The characteristics of stylistics sculpture are exaggerated deformation of the human body, complex dynamic characters and obscure thematic thoughts. Moreover, it breaks the tradition of viewing sculpture from a limited perspective, and seeks to appreciate sculpture works from a full perspective from a variety of different perspectives. The big names are cellini and bologna. Chellaney's Perseus and medusa, bologna's mercury and the hijacking of women in sabine, are masterpieces of stylistics sculpture, which can be viewed from any Angle and, as the point of view changes, the contour of the sculpture changes constantly and always presents smooth lines and a graceful sense of form.

The fountain of purity is also known as nymphs. Nymphs in ancient Greek mythology are demi-god girls who bathe or play in the sea, river, forest and meadow. This is a decorative relief sculpture made by goujon for the chaste fountain square in the rue saint-denis in Paris. Gu rong creatively placed the five fairies in a single long and narrow strip, making each character a single work, making the characters more free, highlighting the beautiful gestures and light movements of fairies, and more reflecting the artistic charm of sculpture. Five fairies, holding POTS in their hands, or carrying POTS on their shoulders, were graceful in shape, and their clothes were finely carved, as if they had just come out of the water, and laid bare to the body. In the history of western sculpture, such a rhythmic pattern treatment and the full use of lines is rare.

The Renaissance was the second peak in the history of western sculpture, breaking the shackles of medieval asceticism and taking humanism as the purpose to create unprecedented magnificence of various arts including sculpture.

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Paper代写：Management of sino-foreign joint ventures

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Management of sino-foreign joint ventures，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中外合资企业管理。中外合资企业管理非常复杂和富有挑战性，也更考验合资各方股东和经营管理团队的智慧和国际化管理水平。由于合资企业管理的挑战性，而且有不同文化背景的融合和碰撞，所以企业的管理者必须具备的是多样的素质和强有力的执行力。

The management of sino-foreign joint ventures is more complex and challenging. It also tests the wisdom and international management level of the joint venture's shareholders and management team. Based on more than 20 years of experience in managing joint ventures between foreign enterprises and different types of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in China, the author expounds some of his views.

By the end of 2014, the total number of foreign-invested enterprises in China had reached 81,0011, of which 310,814 were sino-foreign joint ventures, accounting for 38.37%, according to information provided by the ministry of commerce's foreign investment guide website. Since December 1978, when the third plenary session of the 11th central committee of the CPC formulated the policy of implementing domestic reform and opening up to the outside world, governments at all levels have attracted foreign capital into China through active and preferential investment promotion policies, so as to introduce foreign advanced technology and modern enterprise management system and narrow the gap with developed countries. Foreign investors are looking at China's huge market potential and the lucrative returns from entering the market. In particular, the preferential tax policy of the income tax law of the People's Republic of China on foreign investment enterprises and foreign enterprises issued in 1991 has greatly stimulated and encouraged foreign investment enterprises to increase their investment in China. In the past 20 years, the author has been lucky to participate in the negotiation and management of joint ventures and cooperation between foreign enterprises and state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and has made the following discussion on some factors affecting the success of joint ventures.

As the management mode and structure of a joint venture is often determined by the outcome of the joint venture negotiation, the outcome of the joint venture negotiation is very critical to the later operation. In the author just take in charge of foreign investment in China's business operation and management, often can't understand how so low efficiency of foreign negotiations, Chinese companies and Chinese managers are very good for us to understand the problem, how become insurmountable barriers to foreign or is the bottleneck of negotiations, even for a long time without a conclusion. The longest joint venture negotiation in my impression has been six years from the initial contact to the final signing. However, after more than ten years of work and understanding, in the final analysis, the foreign side is concerned about how to guarantee their control over the enterprise, which includes the rights explicitly granted by law and also implies the actual control and influence in the operation. Therefore, the outcome of joint venture negotiation often determines the management structure, model and possible problems and risks in the future of the joint venture. Here are some specific joint venture cases to further elaborate.

If the foreign investors have technical advantages, and for the purpose of harmonizing the domestic and overseas markets, they usually require the holding in the joint venture negotiations. In the case of foreign ownership, the majority of the board's voting rights are controlled by foreign parties. But the Chinese can control and influence key decisions in business by exercising a veto or by voting by all board members. For example, on the key issues decided by the board of directors, such as overseas investment, equity transfer of the company, appointment and removal of the general manager or deputy general manager, and market access, if only the majority of the board of directors passes, China will eventually lose control of the company. Therefore, the Chinese side must strive for a veto to maximize its rights and interests in enterprise operation. Of course, if both parties hold a 50% stake, then the proportion of board members and voting terms often determine the true controlling party of the joint venture.

The normal purpose of any business investment is to return and sell at the highest price at the right time. Foreign investors are no exception, if it is the case of foreign holdings, usually will put forward the strong right to sell. Strong selling rights refers to if there is a third party investors to the controlling shareholder, is going to buy a percentage of equity, the company controlling shareholder has the right to require other small shareholders to a third party transfer its equity, with their small shareholders rejected, not for any reason must, in accordance with the shareholders and the third party's conditions of sale, the price is added to the purchase deal. The strong selling right protects the rights of major shareholders and forces minority shareholders to accept offers and transfer conditions. The most important point is that minority shareholders have no right to hinder major shareholders from selling their shares and have no right to bargain. The right to follow protects the interests of minority shareholders. When the controlling shareholders sell their shares, the minority shareholders have the right to join the transaction and follow the controlling shareholders to sell their shares of the company at the same conditions and prices. Thus it can be seen that the decision of minority shareholders is made actively under the right to follow and passively under the right to sell, which is restricted by the controlling shareholders. The right to follow protects the rights and interests of minority shareholders. The minority shareholders have the right of independent decision-making while the strong selling right protects the rights and interests of the controlling shareholders. The minority shareholders have no right of decision-making and can only be forced to accept and cooperate unconditionally. The strong selling right and the following right reflect the controlling shareholders' willingness to sell their shares in the future whether they really respect the minority shareholders in the cooperation and the two parties' right of speech in the joint venture.

One is the definition of the domestic market. As foreign enterprises started to enter China in the 1980s, mergers and acquisitions in the 1990s and after 2000 were in a period of frequent occurrence, so they often developed from one joint venture company at the beginning to multiple joint ventures at the later stage, which is consistent with the rapid development period of China's economy. In order to avoid the vicious competition between different joint ventures, it is often necessary to restrict the market sales scope of different partners. From the perspective of the foreign side, it is necessary to take measures to avoid confusion in the market sales within the group. However, from the perspective of different Chinese partners, this undoubtedly limits or even restrains the development space of enterprises to some extent, so this is the contradiction and focus of both sides. So both sides will argue the market range, China hopes that through the fight for the lion's share of the market scope to safeguard their own interests to maximize, and the foreign party to the other partners for the commitment and avoiding of group internal mutual grab customers may happen in the future, and will have to limit the market scope is limited to conflict the smallest area. In my opinion, if foreign investors have multiple partners in China, the sales of major customers must be controlled by the group, otherwise it is very difficult to coordinate. If no clear consensus is reached in the joint venture negotiation, it is very difficult to realize this point truly, because the Chinese partners of each joint venture subsidiary have already had a certain customer base and established good cooperative relations with the customer during the joint venture. In view of the fact that the interests of each Chinese partner are inconsistent, the competition between the foreign partners in different joint ventures in China is no less than the competition with other competitors in reality, and even there is often a case where people compete against each other secretly to grab customers. On the other hand, it is an agreement for the joint venture company to enter the international market. The foreign party usually wants to delay the time for the domestic joint venture company to enter the international market, or to coordinate the price for the domestic joint venture company to enter the international market, so as to guarantee its sales volume and sales profit in the foreign market. The Chinese side should strive to show that even if the joint venture company does not go to the foreign market, other competitors will go to the foreign market to compete with the foreign party. Therefore, the foreign party should adopt a positive guiding strategy instead of blindly restricting the domestic joint venture company to enter the foreign market.

The biggest concern of foreign cooperation is that after cooperation with China, once acquiring foreign technology, China sets up another company to compete with it. Therefore, in the joint venture terms, the Chinese shareholders, their affiliates and the core employees of the joint venture company are often subject to very strict non-competition clauses to protect their rights and interests to the maximum extent from the legal level. The majority of Chinese shareholders still abide by business ethics and respect the cooperation agreement signed by both sides, but there are still a few cases. Sometimes the core staff will also become competitors, I have encountered in reality such a case. The technicians of the joint venture company learned the core of the technology through the process of the foreign party manufacturing the proprietary production equipment and maintaining the equipment at home, and then sold the technology to the joint venture's competitors in China for high profits, which greatly weakened the foreign party's competitive advantage in China. Therefore, the foreign party usually insists that the core parts of the equipment are manufactured in foreign countries to avoid technology leakage or delay the time of technology leakage and ensure the absolute advantage of products and technologies in the market.

As the management of joint ventures is more challenging, it is a fusion and collision of different cultural backgrounds. Excellent enterprise managers must have a variety of qualities, including their integrity, a high sense of responsibility, professional management knowledge, excellent communication skills and strong executive ability, all of which are indispensable. Therefore, the author has repeatedly mentioned the importance of excellent management team to the success of the enterprise in the article "the road of internationalization of Chinese enterprises". In the management of the joint venture company, the excellent management team includes both international management talents and local excellent employees. Foreign management talents can share their advanced management experience in foreign countries with Chinese employees to avoid unnecessary detours by Chinese enterprises. But the success of the joint venture must be achieved through the active participation and support of local outstanding employees. However, in the case of failure, we also see that in the case of foreign investment holdings, a large number of foreign employees are sent out out of distrust of the Chinese side, resulting in poor development of the enterprise due to non-compliance, and the investment ended in failure. Some foreign parties agree with the idea of hiring Chinese employees for important management positions, but prefer to hire Chinese employees who only listen to the foreign side or just protect the interests of the foreign side. On the surface, it seems that these localized employees they reuse are sparing no effort to protect the interests of foreign parties. However, such localized employees will eventually lead to the deterioration of sino-foreign relations. On the surface, it seems to damage the interests of China, but in fact, the interests of foreign parties are also damaged. Therefore, we have repeatedly emphasized that the local managers should balance and consider the interests of both parties of the joint venture while protecting the interests of foreign parties, so that the cooperation between the two parties of the joint venture can stand up to the test and be more long-term.

Chinese and foreign joint venture shareholders should be tolerant and pragmatic to different cultures and management styles, which is very important to the success of the joint venture. In fact, in different stages of enterprise development and different types of enterprises, the talents and management required are not the same, but as long as the results are helpful and beneficial to the development of the enterprise, different management methods should be integrated and learned from others. As a manufacturing enterprise, we all look forward to industrial automation to reduce the physical labor expenditure of employees. However, industrial automation is backed by a large amount of equipment investment, which also needs the cash flow and benefits of enterprises to guarantee the continuous investment. If the enterprise does not have enough customers and market share growth to guarantee the profit of the enterprise, the shareholders cannot continue to supply the enterprise with blood.

The author once encountered a case where the foreign party hoped that all the joint ventures would introduce foreign automatic assembly lines. From the perspective of the foreign party, the quality and production efficiency of the products of the enterprise would be improved in the long run, and even the export of equipment of the foreign party would be greatly rewarded in the short run. However, for the joint venture and the Chinese shareholders, the result is that the product cost will be much higher than that of the competitors and the customer will not fully pay for the increased cost, which obviously is not good for the development of the joint venture. Corp., two different types of the joint venture company has taken a different strategy, a proposal, acceptance of foreign all device use the imported automatic assembly line, as a result, the production cost is too high, did not produce and sales of product price advantage, cause a downturn of the market share and profits, enterprises in the late development power obviously inadequate. And the shareholders of a joint venture enterprise to grasp the domestic market is very accurate and very understand product production process, after consultation of shareholders on both sides, the final compromise products is part of the introduction of foreign high-end automation assembly line guarantee the quality of high-end products, most of the standardized products still use the domestic equipment, imported equipment production product can guarantee enterprise leading position in the market, most of other domestic equipment production of products to meet customer quality requirements at the same time, also can ensure the competitiveness of products in the market. As a result, the joint venture has come from behind, with a rapidly growing market share and very lucrative returns, and Chinese shareholders eventually becoming strategic partners for foreign partners around the world. Therefore, management must make appropriate decisions according to actual conditions rather than copy business theories, which is also the reason why management is more art.

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Essay代写：Western media control public opinion

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Western media control public opinion，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了西方媒体如何控制舆论。近年来，西方媒体在国际舆论环境中，时常会误导公众。西方媒体的舆论误导，有一定政治目的，也有一些思想文化等意识形态上的差异而导致的。西方媒体因在国际传播中处于主导地位，所以一定程度上控制了舆论的走向，对一些国家、事件进行误导。

In recent years, western media often mislead the public in the international public opinion environment. It is worth pondering in developing countries which means western media use to mislead the public opinion and achieve the expected results. The pattern of news communication in today's world is "strong in the west and weak in the east". Western countries play a leading role in the dissemination of information. Understanding the means and ways of western media to guide public opinion is also a reference for Chinese media to give their own voice to the world.

At present, the western media, led by the United States, is still the controller of world public opinion. Two thirds of the world's news comes from western countries, which account for one seventh of the world's population. This powerful position also determines that the western media in the guidance of public opinion on a greater initiative. However, the direction of public opinion is not completely based on the principle of objectivity, fairness and truth, but on the basis of events of different natures and different national objects to take corresponding actions. Thus, misleading public opinion appears frequently. So, how does the western media manipulate and mislead public opinion?

First, "authoritative" speech is an important means for western media to mislead public opinion. "Authority" includes authoritative media and authoritative figures or institutions. The authoritative media in the west has a large audience group in the world and has an important influence. Information released by these media tends to be widely disseminated, which is widely reprinted by news agencies in various countries and is also trusted by the public. But in the case of purposeful misinformation, such a broad force greatly facilitates. As western media reported in 3.14 "Lhasa" event, the mainstream western media is the main position to mislead public opinion, they keep on reported the incident in Lhasa, but not from news facts, but intended concoctive fact, misleading the public. The fox news website inserted pictures of foreign police uniforms for demonstrators into its account of the Lhasa incident, and cropped pictures of rioters attacking military vehicles to threaten passers-by. The Times was full of words like "military demonstrations" and "the killing of hundreds of tibetans". These reports are all from authoritative media, which is the main source of information for the foreign public. They have no way to know the truth of the facts, and the misleading effect of the media's public opinion is bound to be obvious. In addition to authoritative media, the power of authority figures or institutions cannot be underestimated. The so-called authority figures are some well-known figures in society, such as government officials, professors, and businessmen. Their public remarks also affect the audience's judgment of the information. In June 2005, U.S. defense secretary Donald rumsfeld launched a tirade at the asia-pacific security conference, attacking China's military development as a "threat" to the Taiwan strait and the military balance across Asia. Hillary Clinton, now us secretary of state, has also said that the us could be held hostage to China's economic decisions. In 2008, Jane's defense weekly, the world's most influential military publication, published its latest military ranking, with China ranking fourth The "China threat" theory is not a new topic any more. Western countries have been skeptical or even negative about China's rapid development. They believe that China's development threatens the common interests of other countries and even the people of the whole world in terms of military, economic, population, energy and environment. But that's not the case. In military terms alone, China's military spending is less than one-tenth that of the United States. From the perspective of public opinion, we can see that the speeches or published data held by these authoritative figures or institutions, with their credibility, make it difficult for the audience not to accept them.

Secondly, the "information bombing" carried out by all major media plays a role in promoting the generation of public opinion. In modern society, mass communication is the main creator of information environment. It can spread information to the world in a short time through mass production, duplication and mass dissemination of information, resulting in widespread information momentum. At the same time, it highlights a certain type of news through various means, making it the focus of social attention. Western media also use the characteristic of mass communication to mislead the public opinion. Before the Iraq war, for example, the American media collectively did enough to mislead the public. They all claimed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, that saddam's government had colluded with al-qaeda, and that it had killed the Iraqi people for no reason. They established Iraq as the evil side, and that the United States was the only one who could preemptively resist the terrorist group. The media also played down the anti-war rhetoric, creating a loud pro-war voice at home that shook the Iraqi people. Such "information bombing" has worked well for the government. Throw away the political purpose behind this, and the mass media's mass production of the same voice and the same opinion will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the public, just as schramm's summary of the early "" magic bullet theory" "that" "communication seems to infuse something into the human mind." "

The long history has influenced the status of western countries in international communication. At present, western countries generally hold a dominant position in the dissemination of newspapers, radio, television, Internet and book publishing. The publicity method of omni-directional three-dimensional structure can meet the information needs of most people in the world. Therefore, the diversification of communication means is the technical support of the western media for misleading public opinion. Only more ways of speaking out to the world can influence the audience. The Harvard University President Kennedy Joseph nye international political power is divided into "hard power" and "soft power". Soft power is "the ability to attract other countries through cultural and ideological appeals". It is an invisible force that differs from economic, military and technological forces. At present, the role of international soft power is becoming increasingly prominent. For example, the victory of the cold war and the global promotion of American culture and values were achieved through soft power such as news, entertainment and advertising. From time to time, the phenomenon of cultural imperialism appears in the daily life of the world. The extensive application of technical means has given cultural invasion a lot of convenience. Although the essence is misleading, it is dressed in a beautiful cloak, which will make the audience unconsciously accept its propaganda content. In addition, in recent years, transnational media groups also play an important role in international communication. Take murdoch's news corporation as an example. News corporation's various media deliver fascinating news and entertainment programs to audiences in more than 70 countries and regions in a 24-hour period. As the largest English language newspaper publisher in the world, the group issues more than 40 million copies of newspapers worldwide each week, ranking first in sales and circulation. News corp. also runs nine entertainment and news sites. It is the largest and most international media company in the world. News corp's influence is enormous. The larger media groups around the world are mostly in western countries, which is undoubtedly beneficial for guiding public opinion.

Western media are good at guiding the audience to accept information. When conducting purposeful misleading public opinion, western media will take the audience as the center, take their cultural receiving habits and emotional tendencies as the primary consideration, change the Angle and release information. Education psychology has a theory of unconscious education, also known as the suggestion theory, which holds that reason and emotion, analysis and synthesis, consciousness and unconsciousness are inseparable, while hint is a constant and imperceptible communication factor between environment and individual, which can produce huge "edification" effect. In my opinion, it can be seen from the misleading public opinion of the western media that they use this unconscious education theory, and they hide their communication intentions, so that the communication objects who do not know the truth are not aware of this is a kind of misdirection, and unconsciously form the psychological direction expected by the communicator. In the prewar propaganda of Iraq, the American media, although backed by powerful government intervention, took the interests of ordinary people as the breakthrough in the guidance of public opinion. Freedom, equality and anti-terrorism were all the ideological tendencies of Americans. This type of propaganda was also adopted for the Iraqi people. In this way, the general values and receptivity of the audience are utilized, and the relationship between advantages and disadvantages are explained by encouraging them, or they are explained to the audience by pictures, video and data. In addition, the effect of such propaganda can lead to a "silent spiral". After giving the public an authoritative cognition, the mass media brings strong pressure to the audience and the society, and promotes the spiral expansion of "silence of inferiority opinions" and "upsurge of dominant opinions", which finally leads to the subordination of "inferiority opinions" to "dominant opinions". Thus it can be seen that the propaganda method focusing on audience acceptance is an implicit way for western media to intervene in public opinion or mislead.

The misleading public opinion of the western media has a certain political purpose as well as ideological and cultural differences. As western media plays a leading role in international communication, it is also obvious to mislead some countries and events. A clear understanding of the misleading means of western public opinion is an effective way for us to respond or counter effectively. At the same time, we should learn from the western experience in the guidance of public opinion and apply it to China's journalism and communication cause, so as to make our own voice to the world and reduce the misleading of public opinion of the western media.

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