14 frequently asked questions in the field of mold manufacturing [Part 1]

(1) What is the most important and most decisive factor in choosing mold steel?
Forming method - can be selected from two basic material types.
A) Hot-worked tool steel that withstands relatively high temperatures during die casting, forging and extrusion.
B) Cold working tool steel for blanking and shearing, cold forming, cold extrusion, cold forging and powder press forming.
Plastic - Some plastics produce corrosive by-products such as PVC plastic. Condensation, corrosive gases, acids, cooling/heating, water or storage conditions caused by prolonged shutdowns can also cause corrosion. In these cases, it is recommended to use a stainless steel die steel. Mold Size - Large size molds often use pre-hardened steel. Integral hardened steel is often used in small size molds.
Mold use times - long-term use (> 1000000 times) of the mold should use high hardness steel, its hardness is 48-65HRC. Medium long-term use (100,000 to 1,000,000 times) today's focus:
The mold should be pre-hardened steel with a hardness of 30-45 HRC. For short-term use (<100000 times), the mold should be made of mild steel with a hardness of 160-250HB. Surface Roughness - Many plastic mold manufacturers are interested in good surface roughness. When sulfur is added to improve metal cutting performance, the surface quality is thus degraded. Steels with high sulfur content also become more brittle.

(2) What are the primary factors affecting the machinability of materials?
The chemical composition of steel is very important. The higher the alloy composition of steel, the harder it is to process. As the carbon content increases, the metal cutting performance decreases. The structure of the steel is also very important for metal cutting performance. Different structures include: forged, cast, extruded, rolled and machined. Forgings and castings have very difficult to machine surfaces. Hardness is an important factor affecting the metal cutting performance. The general rule is that the harder the steel, the harder it is to process. High speed steel (HSS) can be used to process materials up to 330-400HB; high speed steel + titanium nitride (TiN) coatings can process materials up to 45HRC; for materials with hardness 65-70HRC, Carbide, ceramic, cermet and cubic boron nitride (CBN) are used. Non-metallic inclusions generally have an adverse effect on tool life. For example, Al2O3 (alumina), which is a pure ceramic, has a strong abrasiveness. The last one is residual stress, which can cause metal cutting performance problems. It is often recommended to perform a stress relief process after roughing.

(3) What are the production costs of mold manufacturing?
Roughly speaking, the distribution of costs is as follows:
Cutting 65%
Workpiece material 20%
Heat treatment 5%
Assembly / adjustment 10%
This also clearly demonstrates the importance of good metal cutting performance and excellent overall cutting solutions for the economic production of molds.

(4) What is the cutting characteristics of cast iron?
In general, it is:
The higher the hardness and strength of cast iron, the lower the metal cutting performance and the lower the life expectancy from the blade and tool. Cast iron used in metal cutting production generally has good metal cutting performance. Metal cutting performance is related to structure, and harder pearlitic cast iron is more difficult to process. Flake graphite cast iron and malleable cast iron have excellent cutting properties, while ductile iron is quite bad. The main types of wear encountered when machining cast iron are: abrasion, bonding and diffusion wear. Abrasive is mainly produced by carbides, sand inclusions and hard cast skin. Bond wear with built-up edge occurs at low cutting temperatures and cutting speeds. The ferrite portion of cast iron is the easiest to weld to the insert, but this can be overcome by increasing the cutting speed and temperature.
On the other hand, diffusion wear is temperature dependent and occurs at high cutting speeds, especially when using high strength cast iron grades. These grades have high resistance to deformation and result in high temperatures. This wear is related to the interaction between the cast iron and the tool, which allows some cast irons to be machined at high speeds using ceramic or cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools for good tool life and surface quality.
Typical tool properties required for machining cast iron are: high heat hardness and chemical stability, but also related to process, workpiece and cutting conditions; the cutting edge is required to have toughness, heat fatigue wear and edge strength. The degree of satisfaction with cutting cast iron depends on how the wear of the cutting edge develops: rapid bluntness means hot cracks and gaps that cause premature cutting of the cutting edge, damage to the workpiece, poor surface quality, excessive waviness, and the like.
Normal flank wear, balance and sharp cutting edges are just what you need to do.

(5) What are the main and common processing steps in mold manufacturing?
The cutting process should be divided into at least 3 process types:
Roughing, semi-finishing and finishing, and sometimes even super finishing (mostly high-speed cutting applications). The residual milling is of course prepared for finishing after the semi-finishing process. It is important to work hard in each process to leave a uniform distribution of allowance for the next process. If the direction of the tool path and the workload are rarely changed rapidly, the tool life may be extended and more predictable. If possible, the finishing process should be performed on a dedicated machine. This will increase the geometric accuracy and quality of the mold during shorter commissioning and assembly times.

(6) Which tool should be mainly used in these different processes?
Roughing process: round insert milling cutter, ball end mill and end mill with round nose radius.
Semi-finishing process: round insert milling cutter (round insert milling cutter with diameter range of 10-25mm), ball end mill.
Finishing process: round insert milling cutter, ball end mill.
Residual milling process: round insert milling cutter, ball end mill, vertical mill.
It is important to optimize the cutting process by selecting a specific combination of tool size, geometry and grade, as well as cutting parameters and appropriate milling strategies. For high-productivity tools that can be used, see the mold manufacturing samples.

(7) Is there one of the most important factors in the cutting process?
One of the most important goals in the cutting process is to create an evenly distributed machining allowance for each tool in each process. This means that tools of different diameters (from large to small) must be used, especially in roughing and semi-finishing operations. The primary criterion at all times should be as close as possible to the final shape of the mold in each process.
Providing a uniform distribution of machining allowance for each tool guarantees constant and high productivity and a safe cutting process. When ap/ae (axial cutting depth/radial cutting depth) is constant, the cutting speed and feed rate can also be constantly maintained at a high level. In this way, the mechanical action and the workload change on the cutting edge are small, so that less heat and fatigue are generated, thereby increasing the tool life. If the latter process is a semi-finishing process, especially for all finishing processes, unmanned or partially unprocessed. Constant material machining allowance is also the basic standard for high speed cutting applications.
Another advantageous effect of a constant machining allowance is the small adverse effect on the machine tool, the guide rails, the ball screw and the spindle bearings.

Our products is perfect for who need a patient bed!

The beds are created for in the home so they are extremely simple to put together and don't require any tools to assemble. Moreover, hospital beds are easily cleaned and are simple to keep hygiene. Many specialist hospital beds are also produced to be able to effectively treat various injuries.

If your patient is heavier the mattress needs to have a greater weight rating or a good core. The way a patient perceives you may make a significant difference. Patients will need to feel confident in regards to the examination bed. Your allergy doctor might have to execute a comprehensive examination of your history and family history to be able to establish the outcome of the RAFT test's accuracy. The allergy doctor will subsequently pay close attention to the region to search for any symptoms of allergic reaction.

Hospital beds are versatile and robust, when it comes to ease to wash, maintenance when compared with household bed for a lengthier time period. A house care hospital bed may also be used for short-term patients recovering from surgery. Assembling a house care hospital bed isn't very difficult and can be carried out in 15-25 mintues.

Household beds are hard to wash and maintain hygiene for lengthier time period. Electrically operated beds offer an extremely comfortable sleeping position. A minimal bed makes the fall a brief trip. Though a manual bed is not as expensive consider that each and every adjustment has to be made manually. Anyway, manual beds are useful in setting where the electric embedded system isn't consistent. The most suitable examination bed also helps the physician prevent back strain.

Second change to buy auto parts god

Second change to buy auto parts god：
Filter element
The filter element is divided into dry type and wet type, which are mainly used to remove impurities in the air required by the engine. The dry performance is made of paper or organic materials, while the wet filter is made of mesh wire.
Both are capable of filtering large and heavy impurities in the air and purifying the air with the synergy of the air guide vanes. The quality of the filter outer packaging on the outer packaging standard font is clear, the surface paint texture is smooth, the sealing effect is good, can protect the engine well, thus reducing the occurrence of engine inactivity due to dust accumulation. The inferior filter element is poorly made, the package font is ambiguous, the filtering effect is poor, the service life is short, and it is easy to be damaged.
Spark plug
Counterfeit spark plugs have poor electrode gaps and poor insulation properties, resulting in poor thermal conductivity and relatively low anti-conductivity. After use, they are likely to cause insufficient combustion, resulting in reduced engine power, increased fuel consumption, and overheating of the engine. It brings certain safety hazards in the car driving. How to tell the authenticity of the spark plug? Just look at the screw plug's thread for smoothness and don't tie it. You can also shake the terminal screw cap by hand, if it is firm and not loose, it is a genuine quality spark plug.
In addition, the brand name and model of the surface of the ceramic insulator coated with genuine spark plugs are clearly visible, and if the hand is easily smashed, it is a replica.
Brake pad
Brake pads are extremely difficult to distinguish between authenticity and other automotive parts, but consumers can still see a bit of eyebrows from the outer packaging and products. The genuine packaging is excellent and complete, the screws, clips and wear sensors attached to the package are well-made, the surface has no obvious scratches and bumps, and the braking effect is good. The brake performance of inferior brake pads is generally poor, there is obvious sharp friction sound when braking, and the vehicle can not be stopped due to severe heat.
Here to remind consumers that if you encounter the above situation, please go to the regular 4s shop and brand repair shop to check and replace the brake pads to avoid accidents.

Nigerian auto parts market and related background that auto parts people should not know

The 7th Nigeria (Lagos) International Auto Parts Exhibition and the 13th Auto Show in 2018 were grandly opened in Lagos on May 9-12. The two exhibitions, collectively known as the Nigeria Auto Show, are the largest and most professional auto and motorcycle industry exhibitions in western Africa, and the results are very good.
The exhibition brought together new product development, traders, market technology information, consumers, etc., and provided sufficient trading opportunities for enterprises. Showcasing related products in the automobile and motorcycle industry, everything from automobiles and motorcycles to maintenance products, batteries, engines, auto parts, etc. At the same time, exhibitors have a high degree of professionalism and the overall effect of the exhibition is good. Attracting dealers and buyers from Turkey, China, Japan, Korea, Brazil, Germany, Africa and neighboring countries to come to the exhibition. Numerous suppliers and buyers gathered here to provide opportunities for the company to enter the Nigerian market, and the exhibition was also strongly supported by the Nigerian government.
Over the years, exhibitors have been focusing on complete vehicles and accessories, including OEMs such as Peugeot, Toyota, Hyundai, Honda, Volkswagen, Audi, Futian, Chery, Geely, Great Wall, and Jianghuai. Xinjin Coatings, Mobil Lubricants, Dunlop Tires, NAIJA Car Navigation and other accessories companies. 90% of the exhibitors are loyal exhibitors at the show, following the exhibition organizers to and from Abuja and Lagos.
Organized by BKG Exhibitions, BKG is Nigeria's leading exhibition organization company, organizing several events each year, across the global market, creating a good environment for investors to promote economic development in Nigeria and Africa. The focus of the event is to build long-term, results-oriented partnerships between companies through world-class exhibitions on the African continent.
China Automobile Refit Products Association/GM International Advertising Exhibition Co., Ltd., as the strategic partner and exhibition national team of the exhibition, organizes Chinese companies to exhibit every year.

Recruiting professional knowledge in a small classroom

Recruitment is also called "finding people", "hiring people", "recruiting new". In the literal sense, it is the selection activity of a subject to achieve or accomplish a certain goal or task. Recruitment, generally consists of the subject, the carrier and the object, the subject is the user, the carrier is the dissemination of information, and the object is the candidate who meets the criteria. The three are indispensable.
In terms of procedures, recruitment is usually composed of employer standards and number of people, information dissemination, communication, assessment, comparative selection, trial use, and employment. The employer formulates a recruitment plan and accepts the user in a certain way. Recruitment, as a marginal humanities science, can be divided into political recruitment, military recruitment, economic recruitment, cultural recruitment, etc. according to the field; according to the main body can be divided into government recruitment, corporate recruitment, personal recruitment; according to the implementation of recruitment, can be divided into independent Recruitment and entrusted recruitment; according to the applicant can be divided into the boss to recruit employees and employees to recruit the boss, the boss recruits the staff for mainstream recruitment, the employee recruitment boss is a non-mainstream recruitment, in July 2009, an engineer appeared in Shanghai, China, the recruitment of the boss The situation, although it succeeded in the operation and ending, filled the gap in the "recruitment market" dual-track system, eased the psychology of the working group, caused media attention, and provoked strong repercussions in the society, but it still belongs to the non-mainstream in the model. Belong to a special individual case.
The executor of the recruitment may be the personnel management department of the employer, or the agent or agency, such as a headhunting company or a talent exchange.
The synonym for recruitment is “introduction”. For the recruitment of general talents, it is generally expressed by “recruitment”; for the selection of senior talents or special talents, it is usually described by “introduction”.
Enterprise recruitment refers to the process of selecting and attracting those who have the ability and interest to serve in the enterprise according to the requirements of human resources planning and job analysis for the needs of development, and select the appropriate personnel to hire.
It refers to the activities of the employer through the formulation of the recruitment plan and the admission of new employees through certain methods. It is generally the responsibility of the personnel department of the company or the human resources management department.
The source and channel of recruitment should be selected according to the characteristics of the unit. Each unit has its own unique side, and the requirements for employees are also different. Therefore, successful recruitment must meet the requirements of the organization itself. In addition, due to the different types of jobs, the sources and methods of recruitment are not the same. Each unit should decide according to its own actual conditions, what methods and methods should be adopted, recruit personnel of different positions, and provide outstanding talents for the units in a timely manner.
There is also the use of headhunting recruitment, using the skills of headhunting recruitment, corresponding to senior talents and cutting-edge talents, often difficult to obtain with traditional channels, but such talents have a very important role in the organization. Therefore, when recruiting senior talents, some organizations have gradually become accustomed to relying on headhunting companies to operate. However, the effects of different organizations using headhunting companies are quite different. Therefore, the first thing an organization needs to do when looking for a high-level talent is to accurately describe job responsibilities and qualifications on the basis of standard processes.