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Synthesis and Conceptualism

2022-04-29 13:18:55 | 政治・経済・社会

 

 

According to a certain historical perspective , social progress is derived from the aftermath of the conflict of two opposing ideological forces.  When the thesis of the status-quo is challenged by its antithesis, through their conflict, the new contradictory ideal, the synthesis eventually arises. 

The synthesis often sounds like facing a logical contradiction at its emerging state: This is something neither A nor no-A by means of the mathematical logics.  However, such as in mathematics, there are several elements like something neither A nor No-A when their fundamental criterion such as mathematical axiom varies their existence.  For instance, where the real numbers R (A) and 0 (0R), the nothingness of A (zero R i.e. No-A), exist, there are the infinity (R (A) divided by 0R: Their composition becomes neither R nor 0R) as well as the complex number (the root of negative R transforming it to neither R nor 0R) by the mathematical rule based on the axiom. The mathematical axiom verification enables their existence.

 

In terms of social science and ethics (political philosophy), this statement holds whereas the pure reasoning based on the pure logics without the ethical principle often neglects focusing on the synthesis because it is imply judged as contradiction. By contrast, by following the ethical principle as an individuals' guideline leading themselves by correcting their pathway, it may eventually guide them to something optimum to achieve their ethical ideal.

 

It does not have to be perfect as their pathway can be fluctuating and often deviating from their guideline principle. Nevertheless, it is important for not only politics and social ethics but also each individual's business and career plan to stick to their initial motivation and life-long dream. Whenever there is an exogenous force or an endogenous change caused by natural phenomena and/or oppressive antagonistic forces, the guideline principle corrects their pathway. 

 


It is neither the realism (accepting the reality as it is) nor the idealism (expecting the perfect ideal state to be accomplished): It is the conceptualism offering a feasible concept in the terrestrial world even it is not perfect as what the idealists claim for. Individuals' pathway in their own private life and their social activity participation can be drifting in their imperfect shape. However, this imperfection encourages these individuals to discover their own optimum way to make them happy while referring to the ethical principle as their guideline.

 

 

Overall, human society must keep evolving to tackle with various issues challenging individuals and their surrounding environments. The external transcendental super-being such as one called the unmovable mover, our creator, God, or something else in someone's own language defines the existing terrestrial beings as imperfect to encourage them to exert their own power of solving their problems and improve themselves as well as their surrounding environments with their own struggles.  At the same time, it defines some criteria required for survival and improvement which are taught and retained as the wisdom for a relative long term. Thus, the concept based on discovery and wisdom may work as a hint for individuals to achieve the transcendental synthesis of their social interests.


Explaining how expensive electricity is in Japan: Explained with the case of paper business

2022-04-16 12:45:17 | 政治・経済・社会
Especially after having turned nuclear power plants in Japan off since the last nuclear accident in Fukushina in March 2011, electricity in Japan is considerably expensive. Even before then, it was expensive compared to the other countries because of its relatively heavier reliance on the thermal power plant fuelled with fossil fuels imported from abroad.

It is difficult to explicitly display how expensive it is in Japan because there are so many variables to be compared with the significance of the electric power price influencing an economy there. So, one industrial case is introduced here to explain how significant Japanese electric price is as a significant variable cost incurred upon this industry. This is paper manufacturing introduced here as an explicit example



Pulp is the base raw material of papers manufactured by a paper machine. Paper manufacturing needs cellulose fibres obtained most notably from woods. The more expensive finer alternative material can be cotton.

There are mainly two methods of producing pulp: chemically processed one and mechanically processed one. The chemical pulping process uses chemicals and heat to convert woods into pulp meanwhile the mechanical pulping process grinds woods by mechanically defibrating wooden fibres into pulp.

The price of chemical components tends to influence the chemical pulp price whereas the usage volume of machinery consuming the high-volume electricity affects the mechanical pulp price. Supply of the chemical materials is often volatile and requires their characteristics of quality to match a particular level for pulping.

The mechanical pulping is not so prone to the conditioning as much as the chemical counterpart. Electricity is electricity whatever and whenever it is produced. The general specification of these pulping machines is not extensively dissimilar to each other in this world.

In terms of the ordinary world situation, the former is more expensive than the latter, so the proportion of which pulp content to use determines the quality of papers as follows:

上質 (directly translated as "high quality") : "Fine" paper/pulp: Chemical pulp 100%
中質 : Medium quality": Mix of chemical pulp and mechanical pulp.

However, this is the way around in terms of Japanese paper & pulp business. The latter can be more expensive than the former despite their naming. This is because the latter requires to consume higher-volume electricity while their pulping processes. This factor indicates how expensive electricity generated in Japan even while taking the volatile chemical supply and price into consideration.

Having observed this paper business case, Japan is indeed urged to increase a far more efficient method of generating electricity overall. This current high electric bill price suppresses both business growth and individuals' utility by squeezing their household budget as an unavoidable cost for these activities.

Nuclear power generation should be reactivated at least to repress the currently already intolerable cost inflation. Perhaps, the research and development (R&D) inventing a new technology allowing Japan to fundamentally overcome from the high electricity generation cost is worthwhile to implement even its feasibility is questionable for the time being.



The imaginable example is the nuclear fusion possibly enabling to supply the electricity satisfying the total demand of the entire Japan maybe even by replacing all the other existing electric power plants. It can be rather more productive to invest into efforts and time into increasing this feasibility to accomplish building this functional nuclear fusion power plant.

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I consider that the nuclear power technology should be considered as a public good so I claim for the integration to a good government management or at least the civic-cooperative management looked after by several private individuals (The Classical Economics) rather than the current administration by one single private gigantic corporation detached from the fair market competition!

Well, this nuclear management industry has such a humongous economic of scale whose competition is nearly infeasible. So, I recommend either the full integration (the cohesive monopoly under a single public body such as government) or a cooperative management (classical economics example: democratically managed by several individuals living in this community)

Regarding the last nuclear accident

2022-04-15 22:59:27 | 政治・経済・社会
I have always insisted that the main cause of that last nuclear incident was caused by the corrupted corporation owning these plants.

I have read an article written by a former nuclear power plant operator who died early due to cancer who has sued this corporate entity in coat several times. He whistleblew this corporation's mal-managements of these power plants and he actually predicted how fragile that building structure against potential disasters.

Instead of listening to his voice, Japanese nationals deleted it! What Japanese citizens need are an enough scrutiny of the corporations by claiming for their fair and functional management and the safer management of such public good!

I consider that the nuclear power technology should be considered as a public good so I claim for the integration to a good government management or at least the civic-cooperative management looked after by several private individuals (The Classical Economics) rather than the current administration by one single private gigantic corporation detached from the fair market competition!

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Well, this nuclear management industry has such a humongous economic of scale whose competition is nearly infeasible. So, I recommend either the full integration (the cohesive monopoly under a single public body such as government) or a cooperative management (classical economics example: democratically managed by several individuals living in this community)

プロジェクト光源氏!清き挿入・・・・もとい❗一票をお入れ願います‼️

2022-04-11 18:38:44 | 政治・経済・社会
そうや、こちらその制度を導入するのと同時に女性側へのメリットある公約を盛り込む話を失念していました。
もし私が政権とって執行するなら、女性には性関係の心理学&精神医学へのR&D促進を掲げますね。
女性の性欲に対する制御はけっこう心理的&脳科学的影響が大きいです。
実は欧米でも女性の性制御について合理的に取り組み始めたのつい最近なんですよね。
ちなみに、日本の精神医学の幼稚さはめもあてられん。

あとは私が「プロジェクト光源氏」と名付けるセックスボランティア要員の増強ですね。これは公的部門が男娼を派遣すること、あと女性による男性障害者へのサービスも含みます。これ西ヨーロッパ諸国で採用されてます。公営売春の公共の福祉の面も含めた使命感を持たせることができますし、公共の福祉と功利を高めることができます。

清き挿入・・・・もとい❗一票をお入れ願います‼️

日本円に基づく通貨価値とウクライナのキーウからの大圏距離との相関関係

2022-04-09 18:37:14 | 政治・経済・社会
すでに他の通貨に対して日本円(JPY)がどれだけ下落しているかに驚いています。 しかし、JPYによる通貨ごとの評価は異なることに気づきました。 この通貨を使用している地域は、ロシアとの紛争が続いているウクライナに近いため、上昇率は低いと推測しています。 したがって、私はこれらの為替レートをJPYに基づいて回帰し、キーウからの大円距離から6.6を引いた自然対数を使用しました。係数は、このグラフに示すように予測されたとおりです。


The correlation betweeen currency value based on JPY vs the great circle distance from Kiev, Ukraine

I have been surprised at how much depreciated Japanese Yen (JPY) against the other currencies has been already. However, I have realised that the appreciation of each currency by means of JPY is different. I have guessed that the appreciation rate is lower as the region using this currency is closer to Ukraine where the conflict with Russia is ongoing. Therefore, I have regressed these FX rate based on JPY with the natural log of their great circle distance from Kiev minus 6.6, and the coefficient is as predicted as shown this graph.

円マイナス金利、つまりインフレ税!

2022-04-09 18:35:53 | 政治・経済・社会
現在、円保有者は実質金利がマイナスに転じており、実質所得が着実に下落しているとため息をついている。

金利r_US>r_Jp。 ∴お金の需要:MD_US> MD_JP
さらに、私は現在の日本の金利政策を嫌います。通常、名目金利は、実質金利(r-ΔP:貯蓄者と国の債務投資家が保有する貨幣価値に実際に影響を与えるもの)を最低でもゼロに保つために、物価インフレ率(ΔP)を相殺するために上昇すると想定されています。公平で機能的なものにします。

日本の深刻な問題は、JPYの現在の実質金利が「マイナス(-)」であり、実質的にお金の需要を抑制し、実質所得価値(物価上昇によって下落した所得価値)を低下させることです。これはインフレ税と呼ばれます。これは、価格インフレが政府によって課せられた税金であるかのように機能し、中央銀行が過剰なマネーサプライを発行して、価格インフレが所得を低下させることを可能にするためです。インフレ率はJPYを保有するすべての個人に等しく影響するため、これは確かに逆進税です(貧しい人には比例して課税されますが、金持ちには比例して課税されません)!!!!!

円相場が上昇しておらず、すぐに上昇していないように見えるのは、日本銀行(日銀)がこのインフレにもかかわらず金利上昇を無視しているためです。実際、日本政府は、国債の利払いが予算を圧倒することによって引き起こされる潜在的な破産を引き起こす可能性が高いため、金利の引き上げを拒否しています。 .........このように、円保有者は文字通り実質金利がマイナスになり、実質所得が着実に下落している。

何人かの非常に裕福な有名人は、何年も前からこの世界経済の状況を予測していたに違いありません。彼は自分の金庫に物理的な金のインゴットを蓄積しました。現在の世界の状況は本当に危険です! ...そのような混沌とした世界の状況の下で、私はあなた、私の親愛なる友人のことを考えています。あなたとあなたの家族の安全を祈っています。


JPY negative interest rate i.e. the inflation tax!


JPY holders are now experiencing the negative real interest rate steadily depreciating our real income, sigh.

Interest rate r_US > r_Jp. ∴ Money Demand: MD_US > MD_JP
Furthermore, I detest the current Japanese interest rate policy. Usually, the nominal interest rate is supposed to rise to offset the price inflation rate (ΔP) to keep the real interest rate (r - ΔP: what actually influences the money value held by the savers and the national debt investors) zero at lowest to make it fair and functional.

The severe problem of Japan is that the current real interest rate for JPY is "negative (-)" which substantially discourages the money demand as well as reduces the real income value (income value depreciated by the price inflation). This is called the inflation tax because the price inflation works as though it were the tax imposed by government allowing the central bank to issue the excess money supply causing the price inflation depreciating the income. Because the inflation rate equally affects all individuals holding JPY, this is indeed a regressive tax (taxing proportionally more to the poorer but less to the rich)!!!!!

The reason why JPY interest rate has neither been raised nor seemed to rise soon is that the Bank of Japan (BoJ) is neglecting the interest rate rise despite this inflation. Actually, the Japanese government reject raising the interest rate because it is more likely to trigger the potential bankruptcy caused by their national debt interest payment overwhelming their budget. ......... thus, JPY holders are now literally experiencing the negative real interest rate steadily depreciating their real income.

Some very rich famous people must have predicted this world economic situation since ages ago. He's accumulated physical gold ingots in his own safe. The current world situation is really dodgy! ... under such a chaotic world situation, I'm thinking of you, my dear friends. Praying for safety of you and your family.


パブリッククラウドについて一考

2022-04-09 14:16:28 | 政治・経済・社会
レイテンシー気にするのって特に金融システム系のころなどですよね。いくらIOTが進んでいるからといってメーカーでそこまでレイテンシー気にするかってそうでもないような。むしろデータ転送をさばききり耐久性を重視するならばスループット(一単位の通信で転送できるデータ量)を重視した方が良いでしょうね。
あとそのレポーティング作業であればやっぱレイテンシーよりも耐久性とスループットは大切ですよ。

クラウドにおいては例えばアマゾンのAWSであれば99.999999999%(イレブンナイン)の耐久性をもつとされるストレージ Amazon S3 に常にバックアップさせますね。ただS3はABSと違いサーバー・インスタンス(*)に直接つなぐタイプではなくVPCの外側に置いてあるログ保管、保存千束もしくは静態サイト(HTMLのみの動画とか無い単純なサイト)なんでデータ呼び出しには Amazon Athenaなど読み出し専用の機能が要りますが。
* インスタンスとはきほんサーバーに入っている中身を意味するがパブリッククラウド上では物理サーバーをこちら側からいじることないのでインスタンス=サーバーとなる。

あと、クラウドシステムダウン対策であれば別AZ(Availability Zone)さらには別リージョンでの Redundancy (冗長化)は必須でしょうね。特に金融システム系は同じインスタンスとDBおよびネットワークコンフィグを冗長化しています。どちらかのZoneがダウンしてももう片方にスイッチしてすぐ代替できますし。
あとパブリッククラウドの長所として費用が従量課金であることと、容量に応じてインスタンスをオートスケーリング(数の自動増減)できることですね。まぁ、このAWS等パブリッククラウドのオートスケーリングは間違えてオートスケーリングされてしまい課金がかさむことや、数分後とにオートスケーリングできる量に制限があるという問題もあるとのことですが。

まぁ私は新しく会社を作るなら完全パブリッククラウドにしますね。ネットワークルーターや物理サーバーを自社でおいて場所と設備設定の初期に掛ける時間と費用、そしてセキュリティ更新の手間を考えると比例費が多少割高でもオンプレ(On-Premises)を置くよりも初期から全く新しい事業ならパブリッククラウドに魅力を感じますね。
パブリッククラウドならWAF (Web Application Firewall) やセキュリティグループ(VPCのファイアウォール), NACL (Network Access Control:)などサイバーセキュリティも既存をはっつけるだけですし。
ただAWSとMS Azure (業界二位マイクロソフトのパブリッククラウド)よりも 業界四位のGCP (Google Cloud Platform)の方がビッグデータや統計学に強いとのことで小さな会社でニッチならGCPですかね。

スウェーデンについて一考

2022-04-09 14:10:18 | 政治・経済・社会
シュールストレミングか・・・。イギリス人ですらスウェーデン人やその他北欧人の味覚についてはボロクソにいいますからね。
まぁイギリス自体、植民地料理の影響もあり、実はそこまで不味くはないんですよね。経験上ドイツよかイギリスの方が食事についてはマシだと思いました。んでも地中海や東欧に比べたら貧相なことにはかわりないですが、世界一メシマズ選手権したら北欧諸国がトップにくるでしょうね。

私はまぁスウェーデンの経済社会制度の高さそして軍備の質(特にサーブ社製の戦闘機は素晴らしい!)は認めていますし、それなりに評価しているし今だったら移住してみたい国の一つでもあります。

んでもねぇ、ほんと他の北欧人と比べてもスウェーデン人、特にスウェーデン女、が社会的にも生理的にも好きになれないんですよね~。あと北欧って基本的にスコットランドやアイルランド並みに田舎なんですよね。しかもスコットランドやアイルランドのようなケルト文化圏のような人間的情緒に乏しいのが難点。

本日のマーケット下落と止まらない円安

2022-04-06 20:57:33 | 政治・経済・社会
本日のマーケット下落はアメリカFEDのタカ派(金融政策では利上げ引き締め優先の意味)姿勢が表明された所以ですね。

んで世界中で値上げ傾向ですが日銀は金利上げは一切無いですね。っていうか、金利上げたら国債の利子支払いだけで財政破綻リスクが出ているぐらい日本財政はヤバいです。ですから石油価格高騰による貿易大赤字に加えて円安が酷いですわ、嗚呼。

Is Dictatorship bad? - According to Bentham: - According to Thomas Paine:

2022-03-27 15:35:22 | 政治・経済・社会
*全文は英語ブログhttp://art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com/2022/03/is-dictatorship-bad.htmlを。

- According to Bentham:

This formula is quoted from "Fragment on government" by Jeremy Bentham which shows how the sum of utilities (pleasures minus pains) is derived from by means of each different political function, monarchy (rule by one), aristocracy (rule by few), and democracy (rule by majority). This aristocracy means not only the rule by nobles or oligarchs but also bureaucrats of the modern governments and corporate tycoons ruling the modern socioeconomics.


There used to be a time when the existence of monarchy was in a high demand. At this time, the community network of the majority individuals was so primitive that it was restricted by obstacle of natural landscapes and communication barriers mainly of language. Then, conflicts between various feudal tribes were common, and people sought a powerful charismatic figure binding people together. Under a threat of frequent conflict, there needed to be someone who has an ultimate power of final decision making processes when the outcome of their discussion was unstable without some enforcement unit stabilising it.

Then, as shown in the algebra, initially introduced by Jeremy Bentham's Fragment on Government, individuals used to demand the strength of monarchy stabilising their living environment while sacrificing utility (pleasures minus pain) drained by monarchy monopolising their resources in their living environment.


On the other hand, thanks to the development of international trades and information technology, the strength which monarchy provides with individuals is insignificant for maximising the sun of the utility any more. The global trade based on the free market equilibrium has enabled individuals to mutually agree with each other through the spontaneously derived market equilibrium force without any physical single authority enforcing the decision making process. The information technology development has enabled citizens to rationally accept and understand pluralistic norms and values of various unique individuals living in various different regions and cultures, and to even start to share new norms and values in a shared cybernetwork.

The aristocrats nowadays mean corporate elites and government bureaucrats. The form of this modern aristocracy is now interpreted as meritocracy. There tends to be a gap between those who are able to obtain talents and skills highly demanded for sustaining modern technologies and trade affairs and those who are in the shortage of them. As long as this gap exist, individuals hardly forfeit the utility derived from modern aristocrats' wisdom even though majority individuals have to accept the economic and social inequality caused by this distribution which these modern aristocrats own a higher share of control-ability.



Even Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, the devote supports of democracy, argued that the tyranny by mass is dangerous as much as the tyranny by one/few. They affirmed that there need to be law and legislation and a rational (legal) authority monitoring the system based on them not to induce such a havoc while maintaining to deserve for the happiness of individual citizens living there. Thus, law becomes a significant factor to balance the restriction by law and legislation monitored by the rational authority and the mass’s desire.

In the developed stable civilisation which succeeds in maintaining the balance regards highly of the rule by law. The well-defined law functions as the explicit guideline for both rational authority and mass to refer in order to accomplish their happy productive balance. By contrast, the civilisation which puts priority only on doing favour for a particular group of citizens, including both aristocracy (Favouring minority elite) and socialism (Favouring majority mass), depreciate the aggregate prosperity of this civilisation.


On the other hand, regardless of the aforementioned functionality of relatively dictatorial political systems, human-beings usually feel happier in a less dictatorial politics i.e. a more democratic counterpart. My econometric project "Happiness related to Monarchy, One Party, and Democracy" has proven that the Happy Planet Index (HPI) measuring the sum of people's happiness/utility in each country is maximised when their political system is more democratic than dictatorial.

This quantitative analytic experiment indicates that the honesty of the democracy and the majority's opportunity and right of reflecting their political opinions are simply but crucially important for their happiness overall regardless of any merit advertised by more dictatorial counterparts. Thus, as long as it is feasible to accomplish under a given condition, the utilities provided by democracy as the honesty of administrating politics as well as representing and utilising the cooperative power of majority seems to overwhelms the rest counterparts.


- According to Thomas Paine:

It is a common sense that it has simply been the case that the fortunate powerful ones have dominated over the majority others with their force in a long period of our human history. These rulers having been merely lucky enough to be fortunate and physically powerful have subjugated the majority humans with not only their military forces and superstitious charisma but also their indoctrination and propaganda processes. We, the human beings, must be awaken from these false consciousness having fooled us to establish the true democracy based on rules for the people by the people of the people!

独裁は悪か? ④ホッブズによると

2022-03-27 11:11:10 | 政治・経済・社会
-ホッブズによると:

誰もが法律の下で平等に扱われるべきです。一方、安定した政治は、意思決定プロセス中に誰も同意しない混沌とした状況を回避するためにそれを安定させるために、意思決定プロセスの絶対的な力を保持する1人の絶対的な主権者を必要とする傾向があります。政治権力の平等な分配は、誰もが残りを無視することによって最初は自分の利益に固執するという混乱につながります。したがって、この絶対的な主権者の才能にかかわらず、この主権者が法に従って機能する限り、政治を安定させるために、誰かが強制的に一つの確固たる結論を導き出す必要があります。法律は、ガイドライン/ベストプラクティスとして、またそれを安定させ、発展させ続けるための知恵として存在するものとします。法に基づく官僚的なプロセスは、それを安定させて混乱を防ぎますが、そこでの絶対的な主権は、政治を混乱から防ぐ場合の単なる安定剤としての機能のために機能します。

- According to Hobbes:

Everyone should be equally treated under a law. On the other hand, a stable politics tends to requires one absolute sovereign holding an absolute power of its decision making processes in order to stabilise it for avoiding a chaotic situation nobody agrees with anything during the decision making process. The equal distribution of political power leads to the chaos where everyone clings to their own interest at first by ignoring the rests. Therefore, regardless of the talent of this absolute sovereign, it needs someone forcibly inducing one solid conclusion to stabilise the politics as long as this sovereign functions by following the law. The law shall exist as a guideline/best-practice as well as wisdom of stabilising and keeping it to be developed. The bureaucratic process based on the law stabilises and prevents it from chaos while an absolute sovereign there simply works for its function merely as a stabiliser in case of preventing politics from chaos.

*続きは英語ブログhttp://art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com/2022/03/is-dictatorship-bad.htmlを。

独裁は悪か? ③モンテスキューによると

2022-03-27 11:09:21 | 政治・経済・社会
-モンテスキューによると:

最も強力で、機能的で、好ましい政治システムは、独裁に反対する民主共和主義です。ただし、独裁者が少ないということは、政治が必要とする個々の市民の能力が高いことを意味します。専制政治の下では、残りの大多数は専制君主の命令に従うだけなので、法律も市民の遵守も関係ありません。君主制または寡頭制の下では、強力な少数派である貴族/寡頭制の利益を優先することが優先事項であるため、法とコンプライアンスはそれを保護するために最小限に抑えられます。民主共和主義の下では、大多数の人々は、他者に侵入したり、社会秩序や安定を妨げたりしない限り、自由を享受しています。したがって、そこにいる大多数の市民は、法律や倫理基準などの社会契約を理解し、遵守する必要があります。市民の個人は、常に自分自身を研究し、考えて、自分たちの政治システムを理解し、さらに発展させる必要があります。そうでなければ、彼らはより独裁的な政治を歓迎するために彼らの民主主義をすぐに放棄するかもしれません。

- According to Montesquieu:

The most powerful, functional, and preferable political system is democratic-republicanism which opposes to dictatorship. However, less dictatorial implies more competence of each individual citizens politics requires. Under a tyranny, the rest majority just simply obey what a tyrant commands so neither law nor civic compliance is relevant. Under a monarchy or an oligarchy, favouring for the interests of nobles/oligarchs, the powerful minority, is the priority so law and compliance are kept minimum to protecting it. Under democratic-republicanism, the majority of people enjoy their freedom unless it neither invades the others' nor disturbs their social order and stability. So, majority citizens there must understand and comply with their social contracts such as laws and ethical standards. Civic individuals must always study and think themselves to understand and furthermore develop their own political system. Otherwise, they may easily abandon their democratic right away to welcome a more dictatorial politics.

*続きは英語ブログhttp://art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com/2022/03/is-dictatorship-bad.htmlを。

独裁は悪か? ②マキャヴェリによると

2022-03-27 11:07:04 | 政治・経済・社会
-マキャヴェリによると:

独裁政権や民主主義に関係なく、どの政治システムも、残りをリードする1人のカリスマ的な人物を主張する傾向があります。政治におけるさまざまな紛争を通じてそのような地位を獲得することができる人は誰でも、その人が彼らの行動の結果に責任を負うことができる限り、支配者となるものとします。人々は、自分自身を革新するために自分の努力をするのではなく、すでに確立されたアイデアに固執するため、社会を安定させる方法を示すカリスマ的な人物に従う傾向があります。さらに、混沌とした時期には、大多数の人々は自治するための独自の時間とエネルギーを持っていないため、コミュニティを略奪する強力な盗賊に弱いのです。それから、人々は彼らのコミュニティを保護し、彼らの注意を引くために、より強く、よりカリスマ的な力を要求するかもしれません。それにもかかわらず、支配者は彼らのカリスマ性を保ち、人々が効果的に支配するために人々が精通している長期間保存された習慣を理解しなければなりません。さらに、定規は、ポジションを自分のポジションに置き換えるために敗北を企てている対戦相手に対して注意する必要があります。政権を維持するためには、力だけでなく部下を惹きつける魅力も必要です。したがって、パワーゲームは決して終わらないので、支配者が支配者であり続けることは容易ではありません。

- According to Machiavelli:

Any political system regardless of dictatorship or democracy tends to claim for one charismatic figure leading the rest. Anyone who can achieve to obtain such a position through the various conflicts in a politics shall be the ruler as long as this person can be accountable for the result of their actions. People are often prone to obeying a charismatic figure showing their ways to stabilise their society because people cling to the already established ideas rather than making their own efforts to innovate themselves. Furthermore, during a chaotic period, majority people do not have their own time and energy to self-govern themselves so that they are weak against powerful bandits pillaging their communities. Then, people may call for a stronger and more charismatic force protecting their community and attracting their attention. Nevertheless, a ruler must keep their charisma and understand the custom preserved in a long period which people are familiar with to effectively rule them. In addition, a ruler must be careful against any opponent who is plotting to defeat to replace the position with theirs. In order to maintain the political power, not only the force but also the charm for attracting the subordinates are necessary. Thus, the power game will never end so it is not easy for a ruler to stay being a ruler.

*続きは英語ブログhttp://art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com/2022/03/is-dictatorship-bad.htmlを。

独裁は悪か? ①アリストテレスによると

2022-03-27 10:44:09 | 政治・経済・社会
-アリストテレスによると:

独裁政権は、この独裁者の質に応じて、最高または最悪の政治システムのいずれかになります。この独裁者が良い品質を持っていれば、それは最高につながるでしょう。この独裁者の質が悪かったり、十分ではなかったりすると、最悪の事態に陥ることになります。民主主義は、大多数が常に自分たちの政治に対する意見を反映する権利と機会を持っているため、予想よりも最悪でも少なくとも悪化でもないため、最も安全な賭けです。常に「良い」と呼ばれるほど才能のある注目すべき人物はそれほど多くないからです。さらに、この政治的地域の地理的および人口統計学的性質は、その政治的特徴を選択するために重要です。地理的および人口統計学的に大きな国は、その行政効率のために独裁制などのより集中化されたシステムを必要とする傾向があります。対照的に、小国はより民主的なシステムに満足する傾向があります。成功した例は、アリストテレス自身によって実際に個人的に指導された偉大なアレキサンダー大王が率いる古代マケドニア帝国である可能性があります。

- According to Aristotle:

Dictatorship can either the best or the worst political system depending on the quality of this dictator. If this dictator had a good quality, it would lead to the best. If this dictator had a bad quality or not good enough, it would fail to the worst. Democracy is the safest bet because it will neither be the worst nor at least worse than it is expected because the majority have always the right and the opportunity to reflect their opinion over their politics. Because there are not so many remarkable figures talented enough to be called "good" all the time. Furthermore, the geographic and demographic nature of this political region matters to select its political characteristics: The geographically and demographically big nations tend to require a more centralised system such as dictatorship for its administrative efficiency; By contrast, the smaller nations tend to be happy with a more democratic system. Only the successful example maybe the ancient Macedonian empire lead by Alexander the great who had actually been personally tutored by Aristotle himself.

*続きは英語ブログhttp://art-blue-liberalism.blogspot.com/2022/03/is-dictatorship-bad.htmlを。