Historical designs[edit]
The gallery below showing pirate flags in use from 1693 (Thomas Tew's) to 1724 (Edward Low's) appears in multiple extant works on the history of piracy.[18] All the secondary sources cited in the gallery below are in agreement except as to the background color of Every's flag.
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A pirate flag used by Edward Low.[19]
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A pirate flag often called the "Jolly Roger." This flag is usually attributed to Blackbeard.[20] Similar to flags reportedly flown by Edward Lowe and Francis Spriggs
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Although referred to as "John Quelch" flag, in fact it is closer to the description of Pirate flag of John Phillips.
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Walter Kennedy's Jolly Roger ensign (which was identical to the flag of Jean Thomas Dulaien).[21]
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Roberts' new flag showed him standing on two skulls, representing "a Barbadian's head" (ABH) and "a Martinican's head" (AMH) - two islands against whom he held a grudge.[22]
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Jolly Roger flown by Calico Jack Rackham.[23]
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Flag flown by "Black Sam" Bellamy[24] and Edward England's mainmast flag.
[25] -
Traditional depiction of Stede Bonnet's flag.[26]
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Flag of pirate Christopher Condent.[27]
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Popular version of Henry Every's Jolly Roger. Reportedly, Every also flew a version with a black background.[28]
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Black Version of Henry Every Flag.
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Flag of Christopher Moody.
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Possible flag of Thomas Tew.[29]
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Richard Worley's flag.[30]
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Emanuel Wynn's flag.[31]
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Sources exist describing the Jolly Rogers of other pirates than the ones above; also, the pirates described above sometimes used other Jolly Rogers than those shown above. However, no pictures of these alternate Jolly Rogers are easily located.
- John Phillips. At the hanging of two of John Phillips' pirates, the Boston News-Letter reported: "At one end of the gallows was their own dark flag, in the middle of which an anatomy, and at one side of it a dart in the heart, with drops of blood proceeding from it; and on the other side an hour-glass."[32]
- Edward Low. Low used at least two other flags besides his famous red skeleton. One was "a white Skeliton in the Middle of it, with a Dart in one Hand striking bleeding Heart, and in the other, an Hour-Glass."[33] The other was described by George Roberts, a prisoner of Low's, as a call to council among Low's ships: "a green silk flag with a yellow figure of a man blowing a trumpet on it."[34]
- Francis Spriggs is reported to have flown a Jolly Roger identical to one of Low's, from whom he had deserted: "a white Skeliton in the Middle of it, with a Dart in one Hand striking bleeding Heart, and in the other, an Hour-Glass."[33]
- Walter Kennedy. The Jolly Roger flag pictured above for Kennedy was flown at his ensign staff, i.e., at the stern of his ship. Kennedy also flew a jack (at the bow of the ship) and a pennant (a long narrow flag flown from the top of a mast). Both Kennedy's jack and his pennant had "only the head and cross bones".[35]
- Florida Straits pirates. On May 2, 1822, the Massachusetts brigantine Belvidere fended off an attack by a pirate schooner in the Florida Strait. The pirates "hoisted a red flag with death's head and cross under it". Neither the pirate schooner's name nor her captain was identified by the Belvidere.[36]
- In 1780, a pirate flag was captured in battle off the North African coast by Lt Richard Curry, who later became an admiral. The flag is red with a yellow skull and crossbones.[37]
- In 1783, William Falconer reported that the "[t]he colours usually displayed by pirates are laid to be a black field, with a death's head, a battle-axe and hour-glass," but does not state which pirate or pirates allegedly showed this device.[38]
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