【弥生期の死と墳墓 日本列島37,000年史-36】

きのう見たように鉄という産業革命が弥生の世を決定づけたものだろう。
中国大陸で開発された製鉄技術が最初はその製品・利器が直接導入され
その後、製鉄原料が輸入されて現場で「鍛冶」加工された。
集団労働が基本である水田農耕においてはこの鉄器管理が最重要で
そこに支配という権力構造の高度化の根源的意味があった。
吉野ヶ里遺跡にその痕跡があるとされ、はるか後年の飛鳥宮でも
鍛冶工房跡が王権中枢の数百メートル範囲で発掘されている。
このことがその後の「日本史」の基軸的な動因と思える。

さてそういう社会の中で、先人たちの多くの死が積層していった。
弥生社会は紀元前10世紀ころから成立し近畿で「前方後円墳」が成立するまで
およそ1200年間、各地でさまざまな墓が作られた。
ひとの死はその時代相を表しひとびとの祈りの本質もうかがえる。
古い時代順に、全国の発掘例を上げてみたい。
●支石墓＜紀元前8-紀元前4世紀〜福岡県志登支石墓群＞
朝鮮半島南部系で1m四方の卓状の平石をテーブル脚状の石で支える墓。
福岡西部、佐賀、長崎、熊本に限って分布する。
●渡来人の墓＜紀元前６−紀元前1世紀〜山口県土井ヶ浜遺跡＞
砂丘上に営まれた集団墓地。縄文人より高身長の人びとが葬られていたことから
朝鮮半島から渡ってきた「渡来人」説の根拠となった。
●方形周溝墓＜紀元前３世紀〜大阪府瓜生堂遺跡＞
朝鮮半島南部系で方形に溝を掘り内側に盛り土を1m以上遣っている珍しいカタチ。
１辺が10-20mの方形を呈している。
●大型墳丘墓＜紀元前３世紀〜大阪府加美遺跡＞
26×15m、高さ3mと大型で墳丘内から23基の木棺が確認された。成人14基と
小児9基が見つかり、豊かな副葬品を持っていた。
●再葬墓＜紀元前３世紀〜茨城県泉坂下遺跡＞
遺体を骨にしてその一部を壷などに収めた墓。縄文系で関東、福島・新潟などに
分布する。水田農耕が始まると激減する。
●方形周溝墓＜紀元前2世紀〜紀元前1世紀〜神奈川県歳勝土遺跡＞
隣接の大塚遺跡と80mほど離れて墓道で繋がっていた。25基ほどが
見つかっているがもともと30基ほどあったと考えられている。
●甕棺墓＜紀元前1世紀〜福岡県立岩遺跡＞
棺専用に作られた高さ70cm以上の壷や甕で福岡、佐賀、長崎、熊本、大分、
鹿児島の一部に分布する。紀元前６世紀から紀元後３世紀まで作られる。

列島社会というものが在来の縄文系の人びとと
水田稲作とともに「東アジアのフロンティア」として移住してきた人びとの
混淆というカタチで社会形成されてきた様子がしずかに伝わってくる。
やがて墓制は古墳時代から仏教の導入という局面に進んでいく。
古墳とは権力者の象徴でありその後の寺院建築と対比されるもの。
そうするとこれらの墳墓のカタチとは建築的志向の基層ともいえる。
先人の思いを知ることは自分を知ることと同義なのだろう。合掌。


English version⬇

Death and Tombs in the Yayoi Period: The 37,000-Year History of the Japanese Archipelago - 36
The tombs are silent time capsules of the state of society. The tombs are a quiet time capsule of the state of society, from which the way of life of our ancestors and their way of living naturally emerge. The Tomb of the Dead

As we saw yesterday, the industrial revolution in the form of iron was probably the defining factor in the Yayoi period.
Iron manufacturing technology developed in mainland China was first introduced directly into Japan.
Later, ironmaking materials were imported and "forged" on site.
In rice paddy farming, which is based on collective labor, the management of iron tools was of paramount importance.
This was the fundamental meaning of the advancement of the power structure of domination.
It is said that there are traces of the ironworking at the Yoshinogari site, and even at the Asuka Palace, which was built much later, traces of ironworking have been found.
The remains of a blacksmith workshop have been excavated within a few hundred meters of the center of royal authority.
This seems to have been the key factor in the subsequent "history of Japan.

In such a society, the deaths of many of its predecessors were layered on top of each other.
The Yayoi society was established around the 10th century B.C., and for about 1,200 years, various graves were excavated in various locations until the "front-recessed circular mounds" were established in the Kinki region.
Various tombs were built in various places for approximately 1,200 years until the "front-recessed circle burial mounds" were established in the Kinki region.
The death of a person represents the phase of the time, and the nature of people's prayers can also be seen.
The following are examples of tombs excavated throughout Japan in chronological order.
Stone Tomb <8th century B.C.-4th century B.C.E.> Shido Stone Tomb Group, Fukuoka Prefecture
A 1m square table-shaped flat stone supported by table-leg stones.
They are found only in western Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, and Kumamoto.
Tomb of a visitor to Japan <6th century B.C.-1st century B.C.E.> Doigahama site, Yamaguchi Prefecture
A mass grave constructed on a sand dune. The fact that people taller than the Jomon were buried here suggests that they were "migrant" people from the Korean Peninsula.
The fact that people taller than the Jomon people were buried in these graves has become the basis for the theory that these people came to Japan from the Korean Peninsula.
Square ditch tombs (3rd century B.C.E. - Uryudo site, Osaka Prefecture)
This is an unusual shape of a tomb from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, in which a square trench was dug and a fill of more than 1 m was placed inside the trench.
It is a square with one side measuring 10 to 20 meters.
Large mound tomb <3rd century B.C.E. - Kami Site, Osaka Prefecture
The mound is large, measuring 26 x 15 m and 3 m high. 23 wooden coffins were found in the mound. Fourteen adult coffins and nine child coffins were found.
The coffins were found to be rich in burial accessories.
Reburial Tomb <3rd century BC - Izumisakashita site, Ibaraki Prefecture>.
A grave in which the remains of a deceased person were reduced to bones and a portion of the bones were placed in an urn or other container. Jomon type, distributed in the Kanto region, Fukushima, Niigata, and other areas.
The graves were distributed in the Kanto region, Fukushima, Niigata, and other areas. The number of these tombs decreased drastically when rice paddy farming began.
Square ditch tombs (2nd century B.C.-1st century B.C.-Toshikatsuchi site, Kanagawa Prefecture)
About 25 graves were found, but it is thought that there were originally about 30.
It is thought that there were originally about 30 of these tombs.
Jar coffin tomb (1st century B.C. - Tateiwa site, Fukuoka Prefecture)
These are jars or pots more than 70 cm high made exclusively for coffins and are found in Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, and Kagoshima.
They are distributed in Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, and Kagoshima. They were made from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD.

The archipelago's society is a combination of the native Jomon people
and those who migrated to the archipelago as the "frontier of East Asia" with rice cultivation in the paddy fields.
The mixture of native Jomon people and those who migrated to the archipelago as "the frontier of East Asia" along with paddy rice cultivation is quietly conveyed.
Eventually, the tomb system progressed from the Kofun period to the introduction of Buddhism.
Kofun tombs are symbols of power and are contrasted with the architecture of temples that followed.
In this sense, the shape of these tombs can be seen as an expression of architectural orientation.
Knowing the thoughts of our ancestors is probably synonymous with knowing ourselves. I bow my head in prayer.

【農の中核素材＝鉄は国家なりか？ 日本列島37,000年史-35】

以下は、島根県雲南市の「海を渡ってきた「鉄」の話」より要旨。
〜世界で初めて鉄が作られたのは3800～4000年前の西アジアが有力。
一方中国で鉄が作られたのは3400年前ごろ。日本はまだ縄文時代の後期後半。
中国でも鉄の始まりは宇宙からの落下隕鉄(鉄隕石)を利用したという。
このころ中国ではすでに鋳銅技術が開発され金属器といえば青銅器が主流。
鉄はとても貴重なものだった。やがて中国では世界に先がけて銑鉄が作られ
この銑鉄を鋳型に流し込んだ鋳造鉄器とよばれる鋳物鉄製品が作られた。
この銑鉄は鉄中に炭素を多く含むので非常に硬い半面、衝撃には脆い性質があり、
刃物などの利器には適さなかった。しかし鉄中の炭素を減じる技術が開発され、
粘りのある鉄が鋳造鉄器刃部に利用されるようになった。
日本の弥生時代中期ごろには鉄製の鉄斧破片などが北部九州日本に運ばれ、
再利用された。石道具で山野開拓した弥生人は鉄器の切れ味の威力に驚いた。
持ち込まれた鉄製品は超貴重品だった。
やがて中国製鉄技術は朝鮮半島の北部に伝播。そして3世紀ごろ、
朝鮮半島南部で生産の鉄が日本に輸入。弥生時代後期後半から古墳時代初め。〜

まさに現代世界にも共通する産業技術革命そのものですね。
青銅の技術はすでに伝わって、銅鐸などが威信材として導入されていたけれど、
鉄の驚くべき性能ぶりが一気に世を変えていったことが想像できる。
弥生の社会にこの鉄器が導入され土地開発農具として最高の存在になった。
開墾器具にも木を切る斧の先端素材としても、それまでの効率・仕上がりを
はるかに凌駕し労働の時間短縮・精度向上を実現したことは想像に難くない。
たぶんそれは同時に戦争の「武器」としても活用されていったに相違ない。
戦いをすれば、鉄を持つ集団は圧倒的な強さを発揮できたのだろう。
争うように鉄の獲得戦が行われることも自然な成り行き。
ほぼ信仰にも似た鉄器への希求が社会の基底で盛り上がっていった。
日本国家生成の時期、朝鮮半島国家群との強い国際関係が基本で
揺籃期の日本権力機構で決定的要素だったのには、
この鉄器の生産と導入が死活的だった事情を表しているのだろう。
やがて白村江海戦という東アジア世界大戦に突っ込んでいく動機は
このことが社会経済の存亡に直結したからなのだろう。

白村江敗戦のあとでようやく鉄は国内生産が可能になっていくことで
日本列島社会は東アジア世界との強い関係性からやや脱することができる。
経済的自立が国の安定の決定的要因なのは、いつの時代も不変。
弥生から国家形成の時期にかけて、日本社会ではこういう切羽詰まった事情が
鉄を巡って存在していただろうことが可視化されてきている。


English version⬇

Iron, the Core Material of Agriculture: A Nation? The 37,000-Year History of the Japanese Archipelago - 35
Why did Japan in the Tenchi period fight the reckless Battle of Hakuchon River? The situation of acquiring "iron" resources in a desperate situation. ...

The following is an abstract from "The Story of 'Iron' Across the Sea" in Unnan, Shimane Prefecture.
〜The first time iron was made in the world is believed to have been in Western Asia between 3,800 and 4,000 years ago.
In China, on the other hand, iron was first produced around 3,400 years ago. Japan is still in the latter half of the Jomon Period.
In China, too, iron was first made from meteoric iron (iron meteorites) that fell from outer space.
At this time, bronze casting technology had already been developed in China, and bronze vessels were the main type of metalware.
Iron was very precious. Eventually, China became the first country in the world to produce pig iron, and this pig iron was then used in casting molds.
This pig iron was poured into molds to produce cast ironware.
Pig iron is extremely hard due to the high carbon content in the iron, but it is also brittle upon impact.
It was not suitable for use as a cutting tool or other useful tool. However, in China, a technology was developed to reduce the amount of carbon in the iron.
The technique to reduce the amount of carbon in iron was developed in China, and iron with a high tenacity came to be used for cast-iron blades.
In the mid-Yayoi period in Japan, iron axe shards made of iron were transported to northern Kyushu Japan and reused.
They were reused. The Yayoi, who cultivated the mountains and fields with stone tools, were amazed at the power of the sharpness of iron tools.
The iron products they brought with them were highly prized.
Eventually, Chinese iron manufacturing technology spread to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Around the 3rd century, iron products produced in the southern part of the Korean peninsula were introduced to the Yayoi people.
Iron produced in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula was imported to Japan. Late Yayoi Period to early Kofun Period. 〜From the late Yayoi Period to the early Kofun Period

It is the very industrial and technological revolution that is also common in the modern world.
Bronze technology had already been introduced, and bronze bells and other objects had been introduced as prestige materials, but the amazing performance of iron was changing the world at a stroke.
We can imagine that the amazing performance of iron changed the world at once.
The introduction of iron tools into Yayoi society made them the best tools for land development and agriculture.
Whether used as cultivation tools or as the cutting edge of an axe, iron tools far surpassed the efficiency and workmanship of previous tools.
It is not difficult to imagine that the iron tools were far more efficient and effective than the conventional tools, shortening labor time and improving accuracy.
It was probably also used as a "weapon" in warfare.
In a battle, a group with iron would have been overwhelmingly strong.
It was natural that they would fight to acquire iron.
The desire for iron tools, which was almost like a religious belief, rose at the base of society.
During the period of the birth of the Japanese state, strong international relations with the Korean Peninsula states were fundamental.
The production and introduction of ironware was a decisive factor in Japan's power structure in its infancy.
The production and introduction of ironware was a critical factor in the development of Japan's power structure.
The motivation for the Japanese to eventually plunge into the Battle of Hakuchonjiang, a world war in East Asia, was directly related to this.
The reason why the Japanese were eventually driven into the East Asian World War, the Battle of the White River, may be because of the direct link between this war and the survival of the social economy.

After the defeat at the Hakuchon River, domestic production of iron finally became possible, and the Japanese archipelago's society was able to survive in the East Asian world.
Japanese society could somewhat break away from its strong relationship with the East Asian world.
Economic independence has always been a decisive factor for national stability.
From the Yayoi period to the period of state formation, this kind of impasse would have existed in Japanese society
It is becoming visible that this kind of desperate situation would have existed around iron in Japanese society from the Yayoi period to the period of state formation.

【権力と戦争が国家の起源 日本列島37,000年史-34】

弥生の水田稲作はそれまでの縄文の世の人口密度を一変させた。
食糧生産の究極的な「効率化」が計られたのがアジアでは水田稲作であり、
その最適な環境のひとつとして日本列島があった。
土地利用の観点からすると、人間一人あたりの必要カロリー取得可能面積において
弥生：縄文では一説では1:400というほどの違いがあるとされるほど
農耕は人類生存の形態を大きく変えたと言えるのでしょう。
それまではたぶん「土地」という観念が人類にはなかったのが、
その後の「一所懸命」的思想がひろく人間のこころを支配していく。

もちろん狩猟採集という経済でも効率化バイアスは働き、
武器の高度化という意味では相互関係が働いたと思えるけれど、
こと農耕という経済社会ではこの「土地」の有用性・支配権を巡って
戦争という概念がごく自然発生的に巻き起こっていった。
ことは経済の事柄であるのでこの変化は否応なく、としか言いようがない。
マルクスエンゲルスの唱えた「原始共産制社会」というのは疑問だと思うし、
むしろ農耕の人類社会での一般化からの必然として権力の発生は理解できる。
軍事力というものが発生するのは自然。
人類社会はこの争闘の根本原因に対し制御方法を考えて行くことになるけれど、
当面する対手が存在すれば、それとの関係性に於いて軍事力を持たなければ
対等の交渉もできないことは子どもでも理解できる原理。
基本構造の経済における利用資源として鉄器の技術発展があって
それはそのまま軍事転用可能な武器生産とも連動していった。
こういうこと対応の社会的機能として「ムラとクニ」概念が生まれ、
それら同士での緊張関係、相互関係が、より巨大な地域統合を促すことも自然。
近隣関係でもめ事が起こったときにそれを平和的に解決するのに
より大きな「幻想」的共同体の調停力は必要でもあっただろう。
人類社会発展の「加速度」機能を果たしたものがこういう経済基盤と
社会統治としての国家権力であったことは否定しようのない事実。
中国大陸では初の中央集権統一国家・秦が紀元前221年に成立した。
それとどのように対応して行くべきか、日本の弥生社会は
相当の緊張関係を孕みながら、徐々に統一的王権に向かっていった。

一方、戦争と権力が、技術と経済を大いに発展させていった。
吉野ヶ里遺跡でもごく近距離に「鍛冶」の工房が営まれていたし、
飛鳥の都でも同様の鍛冶場が王権に近接して営まれていた。
始原期の権力にとって農耕発展のために金属機器を生産し下賜する能力は不可欠。
またそういう権力の誇示として権力者的装身具として
「キラキラ」したるものは、誰の目にもわかりやすかったのだろう。


English version⬇

[Power and war are the origins of the state. 37,000-year history of the Japanese archipelago - 34]
Overwhelming power for rice paddy farming with the ability to maintain and develop the population. Further accelerated by the development of metal equipment. The economic structure created and nurtured power. ...

Paddy rice cultivation in the Yayoi period transformed the population density of the Jomon period up to that time.
The ultimate "efficiency" of food production was achieved through paddy rice cultivation in Asia, and one of the best environments for this was the Japanese archipelago.
One of the best environments for this was the Japanese archipelago.
From the perspective of land use, the Yayoi: Jomon period was the most efficient in terms of the area available to obtain the necessary calories per person.
The Yayoi:Jomon ratio is said to be as large as 1:400.
Agriculture has changed the way human beings survive.
Until then, humans probably did not have the concept of "land.
The "working hard" philosophy that followed dominated the human mind.

Of course, the efficiency bias also worked in the hunter-gatherer economy.
In a hunter-gatherer economy, of course, there is an efficiency bias, and it seems to have been interrelated in the sense of the sophistication of weaponry.
In an agrarian economy, however, the concept of war over the usefulness and control of the land is a very natural outgrowth of the concept of war.
The concept of war emerged quite spontaneously in an agrarian economic society.
Since this is an economic matter, this change can only be described as inevitable.
I think that the "primitive communist society" advocated by Marx Engels is questionable and
Rather, the emergence of power as an inevitable consequence of the generalization of agriculture in human society is understandable.
The emergence of military power is natural.
Human societies will find ways to control the root causes of this struggle, but if there is an immediate countermeasure, it will be a military force.
If there is an immediate opponent, it is impossible to negotiate with it on an equal footing without military power in relation to it.
Even a child can understand this principle.
The technological development of ironware as a resource to be utilized in the economy of the basic structure
This was directly linked to the production of weapons that could be used for military purposes.
The concept of "mura and kuni" was born as a social function to cope with such a situation.
Tensions and interrelationships among them naturally promote greater regional integration.
When a dispute arises in a neighborhood, it can be resolved peacefully by a larger "illusory" community.
The mediating power of a larger "illusory" community would have been necessary to peacefully resolve disputes in neighboring relations.
The "acceleration" function of human social development was fulfilled by this kind of economic infrastructure and state power as social governance.
It is an undeniable fact that the "accelerating" function of human social development was this kind of economic infrastructure and state power as social governance.
In mainland China, the first centralized unified state, Qin Dynasty, was established in 221 BC.
How should we deal with this, and how should Japan's Yayoi society deal with it?
The Yayoi society in Japan gradually moved toward a unified kingship, with considerable tensions.

On the other hand, war and power led to great technological and economic development.
At the Yoshinogari site, a "forge" workshop was operated within a very short distance, and a similar forge was operated in the Asuka capital.
Similar forges were operated in the Asuka capital in close proximity to the royal authority.
The ability to produce and gift metal equipment for the development of agriculture was essential for the primitive powers.
The ability to produce and bestow metal equipment was essential for primitive power to develop agriculture, and as a demonstration of such power, "shiny" objects were used as power ornaments.
The "glittering" objects were easily recognizable to all.

【弥生ニッポン：続縄文・北海道 日本列島37,000年史-33】

さて南北も東西も3000kmの距離スパンの日本列島。
紀元前10世紀から紀元前３世紀くらいまでには弥生の稲作水田農業が
大陸に近い北部九州から関東以西地域、そして東北北部津軽平野にまで
大きく広がっていったけれど、北海道にはその波動はやってこなかった。
縄文の世では三内丸山地域など東北北部と共有する縄文遺跡群が
世界遺産登録されるほど交流が活発だったけれど、
水田稲作については津軽海峡を渡ることはなかった。
それまでは共通の社会を形成していたのがいったん分断されることになる。
北海道地域単独の気候変動の歴史的解析を期待したいけれど、
知る限りではそういう研究成果は発表されていない（ように思う）。
ただ、最近東京科学博物館での展示で知った
「日本の気候変動5000万年史」という書籍で過去8000年間の気温表を発見。
それによると縄文時代の「首都」ともいわれる三内丸山が気候の寒冷化で
滅んだ様子がわかったりする。
縄文の世は非常に温暖な気候条件下で繁栄していたものが
弥生が本格化する頃には寒冷化があって、逆風が吹いた様子もわかる。
温暖化と寒冷化は日本で波動を繰り返している。
津軽地域の水田耕作は河川の氾濫などでいったん終息するけれど、
自然環境の変化に敏感な水田農業も盛衰を繰り返してきたのだろう。

そういうなかで北海道は基本的に、我関せずで、
写真のゴマフアザラシの幼獣とおぼしき個体から
「ハンカクサイんでないの？
そんな水田農業なんてムリムリ」と言われているようです（笑）。
北海道に暮らす人びとは自然環境に従順に縄文のライフスタイルを守った。
水田稲作を行わない、海川特化の漁撈採集文化。管玉や貝製装身具などの
必要なものは特産品と引き換えの交易で本州地域の水田稲作民から
入手する関係が築かれていったとされている。
遺跡分布では道南の海岸線地域と、道央の石狩川流域地域などに集中。
漁撈が基本的食糧戦略だったのだと思います。
本州社会とは「交易」の関係で繋がっている。
弥生の時期以降、しばらく日本列島の中で別の時空間を構成していた。


国立歴史民俗博物館のジオラマ展示ではこういう続縄文の人びとが
明るく元気な造形として描かれていてありがたいなと感じていた（笑）。
しばらくの間、日本社会文化の主流とは縁遠い存在となったけれど、
縄文という本来の母性的環境のまま、北海道が暮らしてきたことに
明るいスポットを当ててくれているようで、心なごんだ（笑）。

そしてはるかな明治以降、北海道がまた日本社会に復帰したとき、
大量に移民の波動が押し寄せて、一気に弥生以降のライフスタイル革命が
もたらされ、さらに保全された自然環境が人びとを魅了している。
やはりロシアに併合されるよりはるかにシアワセだったと思う。


English version⬇

Yayoi Nippon: "Sequel to the Jomon" Hokkaido: The 37,000-Year History of the Japanese Archipelago - 33
Hokkaido, which had no connection with the Yayoi, preserved its cold climate and went its separate way until its reunion in the Meiji period. But it must have been sheer luck. ...

Now, the Japanese archipelago spans a distance of 3000 km from north to south and from east to west.
From the 10th century B.C. to about the 3rd century B.C., Yayoi rice paddy agriculture
spread from northern Kyushu, near the continent, to the Kanto region and westward to the Tsugaru Plain in the northern Tohoku region.
However, this wave never reached Hokkaido.
In the Jomon period, the Jomon sites shared with the northern Tohoku region, such as the Sannai-Maruyama area, were so intertwined that they were inscribed on the World Heritage List.
The Jomon period was so active that the Sannai-Maruyama area and other Jomon sites shared with the northern Tohoku region were registered as a World Heritage site.
However, paddy rice cultivation did not cross the Tsugaru Straits.
The previously common society was divided.
I would like to see a historical analysis of climate change in the Hokkaido region alone, but as far as I know, no such research has been published.
However, as far as I know, no such research results have been published.
However, I recently came across an exhibit at the Tokyo Science Museum.
In the book "50 Million Years of Climate Change in Japan," I found a table of temperatures over the past 8,000 years.
According to the chart, Sannai-Maruyama, which is said to have been the "capital" of the Jomon period, was destroyed due to the cold climate.
The Jomon period was a time of extremely warm weather.
The Jomon period thrived under very warm climatic conditions, but by the time the Yayoi period began in earnest, the climate had become too cold.
By the time the Yayoi period began in earnest, the climate had turned cold and there were headwinds.
Warming and cooling have been repeated in waves in Japan.
Paddy farming in the Tsugaru region came to an end due to river flooding.
Paddy farming, which is sensitive to changes in the natural environment, has also experienced repeated rises and falls.

Hokkaido, on the other hand, has basically taken a hands-off approach.
A young sargassum seal in the photo, which appeared to be a juvenile, said to me
I was told, "Isn't it too hard to farm rice paddies?
It is impossible to farm rice paddies like that" (laughs).
The people living in Hokkaido followed the Jomon lifestyle in obedience to the natural environment.
They did not cultivate rice in paddy fields, but specialized in sea-river fishing and gathering culture. Tube balls, shell ornaments, and other
Necessities such as tube beads and shell ornaments were obtained from paddy rice farmers in the Honshu region through trade in exchange for local products.
The distribution of sites shows that the people in the southern part of the province had a relationship with rice farmers in the rice paddies.
The distribution of sites is concentrated in the coastal areas of southern Hokkaido and the Ishikari River basin in central Hokkaido.
Fishing was the basic food strategy.
They are connected to Honshu society through "trading" relations.
After the Yayoi period, they constituted a separate time-space within the Japanese archipelago for a while.

In the diorama exhibit at the National Museum of Japanese History, I felt grateful that these Sequential Jomon people
I felt grateful that the diorama exhibit at the National Museum of Japanese History depicted these Sequelae Jomon people as bright and energetic figures (laugh).
Although they have been out of the mainstream of Japanese society and culture for a while, they have remained in the original maternal environment of the Jomon, and have lived in Hokkaido.
Hokkaido has been living in the original maternal environment of the Jomon
It was heartwarming to see that he was shining a bright spotlight on the fact that Hokkaido has been living in its original maternal environment of the Jomon (laugh).

And when Hokkaido rejoined Japanese society long after the Meiji period
When Hokkaido rejoined Japanese society after the long Meiji period, waves of immigrants arrived in large numbers, bringing with them a revolution in lifestyles that began in the Yayoi period and lasted for many years.
The natural environment that has been preserved has attracted people.
I think it was much better than the annexation by Russia.

【美の探究・縄文と弥生女性 日本列島37,000年史-32】

さて本日は人類普遍のテーマ、女性の美への探究心であります。
アダムとイブという例えはキリスト教世界的だけれど、
アマテラスが女性神である日本列島でも、普遍的に男女の恋愛史はあり、
さまざまな神話説話の基本になっていることは自明。
で、具体的に衣装として記録が残っていくのは日本でも
歴史年代以降になる。しかし、女性の美への欲求はそれ以前も当たり前。
歴博での展示でこのテーマコーナーがあった。
堅苦しい歴史館展示の枠を超えて、非常にわかりやすくて好感。

縄文女性は岩手県蝦島貝塚出土の成人女性の頭骨を復顔。シカの革を
黒く燻した生地に、ウルシとタカラガイによる装飾をつけた上着を羽織り、
ヒスイ製の玉で作ったネックレスを付け皮の靴を履く。シャーマンの表現。
＜縄文・弥生とも衣装復元はスタイリストで古代衣服研究者の大橋まり氏＞
頭骨から肌を復元してFRP素材で製作し、まゆ毛と髪をのせて完成。
髪には縦櫛、耳には飾り物。ネックレスは糸魚川産のヒスイ製。
一方、弥生女性は、山口県土井ヶ浜遺跡出土の成人女性の頭骨を復顔。
アカネ染めの絹の上着を羽織り、ヒスイ製の勾玉とガラス製の管玉製のネックレス。
貝の分泌液で紫に染めた鉢巻。帯はクチナシの黄色で染めた。
靴は木製。魏志倭人伝中の大人層の未婚女性を想定再現。

・・・たいへんわかりやすい（笑）。
っていうか、現代でもこういう衣装であれば着てもらいたい（笑）。
こころなしか縄文女性の方がやや小柄でまるっとした印象であるのに対して
弥生女性はスラッとした印象を与えられる。
このあたりは考古発見での統計が基礎になっているのでしょう。
どの素材にも「着色」という志向性が重要な要素なのでしょう。
やはり視覚的に目を驚かすというのが基本動機。
自然と触れ合いこうした衣装への利用ということを考えながら
染色材料を注意深く探究したのでしょう。
アカネとは、アカネ科アカネ属のつる性多年生植物。根は茜色をしており、
草木染めの原料になるとされるけれど、
そういう植物への知恵というのは、やはり美への欲求が誘った。
貝類を利用するとか、ヒスイを探し出すとか、
あらゆる資源開発・発展においてこうした欲求が背景動因であったのでしょう。
食糧として口に入れながら、同時に「キラキラ」したるものに
目を輝かせていたという光景が彷彿としてくる。
食糧の確保手段が文化の基本だけれど、同時にこういう欲求も
人間社会を大きく動かしてきたこともあきらかでしょうね。
美への探究心というものが相当大きな人類進化の要因だったことは間違いない。
歴史の見方で、こういう角度も探究してくれて興味がさらに深まります。


English version⬇

The Jomon and Yayoi Women: The 37,000-Year History of the Japanese Archipelago - 32
Although food security is the basic motivation, the pursuit of beauty has also been a major factor in human development. The Jomon period

Today's topic is the universal theme of humanity: the quest for female beauty.
The analogy of Adam and Eve is very Christian.
But even in the Japanese archipelago, where Amaterasu is a female deity, there is a universal history of love between men and women, and it is the basis of various mythological tales.
It is obvious that it is the basis of various myths and legends.
But it was not until the historical period in Japan that specific costumes were recorded.
historical period or later in Japan. However, women's desire for beauty was common even before that time.
There was a section on this theme in the exhibition at Rekihaku.
I liked it because it was very easy to understand and beyond the confines of a rigid history museum exhibit.

The Jomon woman is a facial reconstruction of an adult female skull excavated from the Ezushima shell mound in Iwate Prefecture. Deerskin.
She wears a jacket made of black smoked deerskin and decorated with poison ivy and takaragai, and a necklace made of jade beads.
She wears a necklace made of jade jade and leather shoes. This is an expression of a shaman.
＜Costumes for both the Jomon and Yayoi periods were restored by stylist and ancient clothing researcher Mari Ohashi.
The skin is reconstructed from the skull and made of FRP material, and completed with eyebrows and hair.
A vertical comb was used for the hair and ornaments for the ears. The necklace is made of jade from Itoigawa.
The Yayoi female figure is a reconstruction of an adult female skull excavated at the Doigahama site in Yamaguchi Prefecture.
She wears an akane-dyed silk jacket and a necklace made of jade and glass tubular beads.
A potted headdress dyed purple with the secretion of the twice. The obi was dyed gardenia yellow.
Shoes are wooden. The figure is a reproduction of an unmarried woman in the adult age group in Wei Wei's biography.

It is very easy to understand (laugh).
I would like them to wear this kind of costume even in the modern age (laugh).
The Jomon women are slightly smaller and more rounded, while the Yayoi women look slender and slender.
Yayoi women give the impression of being slender.
This is probably based on statistics from archaeological discoveries.
The orientation of "coloring" is probably an important element in any material.
After all, the basic motive is to visually astonish the eye.
We have carefully explored dyeing materials while considering their use in costumes that are in contact with nature.
The artist must have carefully explored dyeing materials with the idea of being in contact with nature and using them in these costumes.
Akane is a perennial vine belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Its roots are akane red in color and are used as a raw material for herb dyeing.
It is said to be used as a raw material for herb-dyeing.
The wisdom of using such plants is, of course, driven by the desire for beauty.
The use of shellfish, the search for jade, and so on.
This desire must have been the driving force behind the development and exploitation of all kinds of resources.
The sight of the sparkling things that we put in our mouths as food, while at the same time
The scene is reminiscent of the way people put food in their mouths while at the same time gazing at something "sparkling".
The means to secure food is the basis of culture, but this kind of desire has also been a major driving force in human society.
It is also clear that this kind of desire has been a major driving force in human society.
There is no doubt that the quest for beauty has been a major factor in human evolution.
This angle is explored in the historical perspective, which deepens my interest even more.