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http://www.jttas.or.jp/dcument/z230801.pdf
射出成型加工
社団法人 日本工業技術振興協会(JAPAN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ASSOCIATION 略称JTTAS)
http://www.jttas.or.jp/html/techrep.htm
技術レポート
http://www.apisolution.com/images/glossary_plastic_injection_molding_engineering_manufacturing.pdf
参照
J
JETTING - Turbulent flow of resin from an undersized gate or thin section into a thicker mold section, as opposed to laminar flow of material progressing radially from a gate to the extremities of the cavity.
JIG - Means of holding a part and guiding the tool during machining or assembly operation.
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K
KIRKSITE - An alloy of aluminum and zinc used for the construction of blow molds; it imparts high degree of heat conductivity to the mold.
KNIT LINES - See FLOW LINE.
KNOCKOUT PIN - See EJECTOR PIN.
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L
LAMINAR FLOW - Laminar flow of thermoplastic resins in a mold is accompanied by solidification of the layer in contact with the mold surface that acts as an insulating tube through which material flows to fill the remainder of the cavity. This type of flow is essential to duplication of the mold surface.
LAMINATED PLASTICS (Synthetic resin-bonded laminate, laminate) - A plastics material consisting of superimposed layers of a synthetic resin-impregnated or -coated filler which have been bonded together, usually by means of heat and pressure, to form a single piece.
LIGHT-RESISTANCE - The ability of a plastics material to resist fading after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light.
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M
MANIFOLD - See HOT RUNNER.
MATTE FINISH - A type of dull. non-reflective finish. See SURFACE FINISH.
MELT INDEX - The amount, in grams, of a thermoplastic resin which can be forced through a 0.0825 inch orifice when subjected to 2160 grams force in 10 minutes at 190°C.
MELT STRENGTH - The strength of the plastic while in the molten state.
METERING SCREW - An extrusion screw which has a shallow constant depth. and constant pitch section over, usually. the last 3 to 4 flights.
MICA - Any of a group of mineral silicates crystallizing in monoclinic forms that readily separate into very thin leaves. Used as a filler for plastics molding materials.
METALIZING - See VACUUM METALIZING.
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY - The ratio of stress to strain in a material that is elastically deformed.
MOLDING CYCLE - See CYCLE.
MOLDING MATERIAL - Plastic material in varying stages of granulation often comprising resin, filler, pigments, plasticizers and other ingredients, ready for use in the molding operation. Also called "Molding Compound' or ‘Powder."
MOLDING PRESSURE - The pressure applied directly or indirectly on the compound to allow the complete transformation to a solid dense part.
MOLDING SHRINKAGE - The difference in dimensions, expressed in inches per inch, between a molding and the mold cavity in which it was molded, both the mold and the molding being at normal room temperature when measured. Also called "Mold Shrinkage," or "Shrinkage," and "Contraction.'
MOLD RELEASE - A lubricant used to coat a mold cavity to prevent the molded piece from sticking to it, and thus to facilitate its removal from the mold. Also called Release Agent."
MOLD SEAM - A line formed by mold construction such as removable members in cavity, cam slides, etc. (Not to be confused with mold parting line).
MOLECULAR WEIGHT - The sum of the atomic masses of the elements forming the molecule.
MONOMER - A relatively simple compound which can react to form a polymer.
MOVABLE PLATEN - The moving platen of an injection or compression molding machine to which half of the mold is secured during operation. This platen is moved either by a hydraulic ram or a toggle mechanism.
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N
NOTCH SENSITIVITY - The extent to which the sensitivity of a material to fracture is increased by the presence of a surface in homogeneity such as a notch, a sudden change in section, a crack, or a scratch. Low notch sensitivity is usually associated with ductile materials, and high notch sensitivity with brittle materials.
NOZZLE - The hollow cored metal nose screwed into the extrusion end of (a) the heating cylinder of an injection machine, or (b) a transfer chamber where this is a separate structure.
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O
OLEFINS - A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general formula CnH2n, and named after the corresponding paraffins by the addition of "ene" or "ylene to the stem. Examples are ethylene and propylene.
ORANGE PEEL - A type of granular surface finish resembling the peel of an orange.
ORIENTATION - The alignment of the crystalline structure in polymeric materials so as to produce a highly uniform structure. Can he accomplished by cold drawing or stretching during fabrication.
OUT-OF-ROUND - Non uniform radius or diameter.
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P
PARTING LINE - Mark on a molding or casting where halves of mold met in closing.
PARTITIONED MOLD COOLING - See BUBBLER.
PERMANENT SET - The increase in length. expressed in a percentage of the original length, by which an elastic material fails to return to original length after being stressed for a standard period of time.
PINPOINT GATE - A restricted orifice through which molten resin flows into a mold cavity. Also called ‘Restricted Gate."
PITCH - The distance from any point on the flight of a screw line to the corresponding point on an adjacent flight, measured parallel to the axis of the screw line or threading.
PLASTIC - Natural and synthetic material and chemicals that can be transformed into a solid, as either or both heat and pressure is applied.
PLASTIC DEFORMATION - A change in dimensions of an object under load that is not recovered when the load is removed: opposed to elastic deformation.
PLASTIC TOOLING - Tools. e.g.. dies. jigs. fixtures, etc., for the metal forming trades constructed of plastics, generally laminates or casting materials.
PLASTICITY - A property of plastics which allows the material to be deformed continuously and permanently without rupture upon the application of a force that exceeds the yield value of the material.
PLASTICIZE - To soften a material and make it plastic or moldable, either by means of a plasticizer or the application of heat.
PLASTICIZER - A material incorporated in a plastic to increase its workability and its flexibility or distensibility; normally used in thermoplastics.
PLASTISOLS - Mixtures of vinyl resins and plasticizers which can be molded: cast, or converted to continuous films by the application of heat.
PLUNGER - That part of a transfer or injection press that applies pressure on the unmelted plastic material to push it into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle. See RAM.
POLYMER - A high-molecular-weight organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, the MER: e.g.. polyethylene. rubber, cellulose. Synthetic polymers are formed by addition or condensation polymerization of monomers. If two or more monomers are involved, a copolymer is obtained. Some polymers are elastomers, some plastics.
POLYMERIZATION - A chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monomer are linked together to form large molecules whose molecular weight is a multiple of that of the original substance. When two or more monomers are involved, the process is called copolymerization or heteropolymerization.
POTTING - Similar to ENCAPSULATING, except that steps are taken to insure complete penetration of all the voids in the object before the resin polymerizes.
PERFORM - A pill, tablet, or biscuit used in thermoset molding. Material measured by volume, the bulk factor of powder reduced by pressure all in the interest of efficiency and accuracy.
PREHEATING - The heating of a compound prior to molding or casting in order to facilitate the operation, reduce cycle, and improve product.
PREMIX - A molding compound prepared prior to and apart from the molding operations and containing all components required for molding: resin, reinforcement fillers, catalysts, release agents, and other compounds.
PRESSURE FORMING - A thermoforming process wherein pressure is used to push the sheet to be formed against the mold surface as opposed to using a vacuum to suck the sheet flat against the mold.
PROTOTYPE MOLD - A simplified mold construction often made from a light metal casting alloy or from an epoxy resin in order to obtain information for the final mold and/or part design.
PURGING - Cleaning one color or type of material from the cylinder of an injection molding machine or extruder by forcing it out with the new color or material to be used in subsequent production. Purging materials are also available.
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Q
No terms.
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R
RAM - The press member that enters the cavity block and exerts pressure on the molding compound designated as the ‘top force' or "bottom force" by position .in the assembly.
RAM TRAVEL - Distance ram moves when operating a complete molding cycle.
RECIPROCATING SCREW - A combination injection and plasticizing unit in which an extrusion device with a reciprocating screw is used to plasticize the material. Injection of material into a mold can take place by direct extrusion into the mold, or by reciprocating the screw as an injection plunger, or by a combination of the two. When the screw serves as an injection plunger, this unit acts as a holding, measuring, and injection chamber.
REINFORCED MOLDING COMPOUND - A material reinforced with special fillers to meet specific requirements (glass, carbon, etc.)
REINFORCEMENT - A strong inert material bound into a plastic to improve its strength. stiffness, and impact resistance. Reinforcements are usually long fibers of glass, sisal, cotton, etc. ― in woven or nonwoven form.
RELEASE AGENT - See MOLD RELEASE.
RESIN - Any of a class of solid or semi-solid organic products of natural or synthetic origin, generally of high molecular weight with no definite melting point. Most resins are polymers.
RETAINER PLATE - The plate on which demountable pieces, such as mold cavities, ejector pins, guide pins, and bushings are mounted during molding: usually drilled for water lines.
RIB - A reinforcing member of a fabricated or molded part.
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - A common method of testing material for resistance to indentation in which a diamond or steel ball, under pressure, is used to pierce the test specimen.
RUBBER - An elastomer capable of rapid elastic recovery after being stretched to at least twice its length at temperatures from 0 to 150°F at any humidity.
RUNNER - In an injection or transfer mold, the channel that connects the sprue with the gate to the cavity.
RUNNER SYSTEM - The term usually applied to all the material in the form of sprues, runners and gates which lead material from the nozzle of an injection machine or the pot of a transfer mold to the mold cavity.
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S
SCREW PLASTICATING INJECTION MOLDING - A technique in which the plastic is converted from pellets to a viscose melt by means of an extruder screw which is an integral part of the molding machine. Machines are either single stage (in which plastication and injection are done in the same cylinder) or double stage in which the material is plasticated in one cylinder and then fed to a second for injection into a mold.
SEGREGATION - A separation of components in a molded article usually denoted by wavy lines and color striations in thermoplastics. In thermosets, usually meaning segregation of resin and filler on surface.
SELF-EXTINGUISHING - The term applied to a flammable material that will cease burning when the source of heat is removed. Usually expressed in time elapsed.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC MOLDING MACHINE - A molding machine in which only part of the operation is controlled by the direct action of a human. The automatic part of the operation is controlled by the machine according to a predetermined program.
SHELF LIFE - An expression to describe the time a molding compound can be stored without losing any of its original physical or molding properties.
SHORE HARDNESS - A method of determining the hardness of a plastic material using a scelroscope. This device consists of a small conical hammer fitted with a diamond point and acting in a glass tube. The hammer is made to strike the material under test and the degree of rebound is noted on a graduated scale. Generally. the harder the material the greater will be the rebound.
SHORT SHOT - A molded part produced when the mold has not been filled completely.
SHOT - The yield from one complete molding cycle, including cull, runner, and flash.
SHOT CAPACITY - The maximum weight of material which a machine can produce from one forward motion of the plunger or screw.
SHRINKAGE - See MOLD SHRINKAGE.
SHRINK FIXTURE - See COOLING FIXTURE.
SIDE CORING OR SIDE DRAW PINS - Projections used to core a hole in a direction other than the line of closing of a mold, and which must be withdrawn before the part is ejected from the mold.
SILK SCREEN PRINTING - This. printing method, in its basic form, involves laying a pattern of an insoluble material, in outline, on a finely woven fabric, so that when ink is drawn across it. it is able to pass through the screen only in the desired areas. Also called "Screen Process Decorating."
SILICONE - Chemical derived from silica used in molding as a release agent and general lubricant.
SINK MARK - A depression or dimple on the surface of an injection molded part due to collapsing of the surface following local internal shrinkage after the gate seals. May also be caused by a short shot.
SINTERING - In forming articles from fusible powders, e.g.. nylon, the process of holding the pressed-powder article at a temperature just below its melting point for about 1/2 hour. Particles are fused (sintered) together, but the mass, as a whole, does not melt.
SOLVENT - Any substance, usually a liquid, which dissolves other substances.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The density (mass per unit volume) of any material divided by that of water.
SPIDER GATE - Multi-gating of a part through a system of radial runners from the sprue.
SPIN WELDING - A process of fusing two objects together by forcing them together while one of the pair is spinning, until frictional heat melts the interface. Spinning is then stopped and pressure held until they are frozen together.
SPLAY MARKS - Lines found in part after molding, usually due to flow of material in mold
SPRUE - Feed opening provided in the injection or transfer mold; also, the slug formed at this hole.
SPRUE-BUSHING - A hardened steel insert in an injection mold which contains the tapered sprue hold and has a suitable seat for the nozzle of the injection cylinder.
SPRUE GATE - A passageway through which molten resin flows from the nozzle to the mold cavity.
SPRUE LOCK OR PULLER - In injection molding, a portion of the plastic composition which is held in the cold slug well by an undercut; used to pull the sprue out of the bushing as the mold is opened. The sprue lock itself is pushed out of the mold by an ejector pin. When the undercut occurs on the cavity block retainer plate, this pin is called the Sprue Ejector Pin.
STABILIZER - An ingredient used in the formulation of some plastics to assist in maintaining the physical and chemical properties of the compounded materials at their initial values throughout the processing and service life of the material.
STATIONARY PLATEN - The plate of an injection or compression molding machine to which the front plate of the mold is secured during operation. This platen does not move during normal operation.
STORAGE LIFE - See SHELF LIFE.
STRIATION - A separation of colors resulting in a linear effect of color variation.
STRIPPER-PLATE - A plate that strips a molded piece from core pins or core, the stripper-plate is set into operation by the opening of the mold.
SUBMARINE GATE - A type of edge gate where the opening from the runner into the mold is located below the parting line or mold surface as opposed to conventional edge gating where the opening is machined into the surface of the mold. With submarine gates, the part is broken from the runner system on ejection from the mold.
SURFACE FINISH - Finish of molded product.
SURFACE TREATING - Any method of treating a material so as to alter the surface and render it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, and adhesives such as chemical, flame, and electronic treating.
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T
TAB GATED - A small removable tab of approximately the same thickness as the mold item, usually located perpendicular to the molded part. The tab is used as a site for edge gate location, usually on items with large flat areas.
TAPPING - Cutting threads in the walls of a circular hole.
TENSILE STRENGTH - The pulling stress, in psi, required to break a given specimen. Area used in computing strength is usually the original, rather than the necked-down area.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - Ability of a material to conduct heat; physical constant for quantity of heat that passes through unit cube of a substance in unit of time when difference in temperature of two faces is 1°.
THERMAL EXPANSION - See COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.
THERMAL STRESS CRACKING (TSC) - Crazing and cracking of some thermoplastic resins which results from over-exposure to elevated temperatures.
THERMOPLASTIC - (a.) Capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling ― (n.) A material that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled. Typical of the thermoplastic family are the styrene polymers and copolymers, acrylics, cellulosics, polyethylenes, polypropylene, vinyls, nylons, and the various fluorocarbon materials.
THERMOSET - A material that will undergo or has undergone a chemical reaction by the action of heat and pressure, catalysts, ultra-violet light, etc., leading to a relatively infusible state. Typical of the plastics in the thermosetting family are the aminos (melamine and urea), most polyesters, alkyds, epoxies, and phenolics.
THREAD PLUG OR RING OR CORE - A part of a mold that shapes a thread and must be unscrewed from the finished piece.
TIE BARS - Bars which provide structural rigidity to the clamping mechanism of a press often used to guide platen movement.
TOGGLE ACTION - A mechanism which exerts pressure developed by the application of force on a knee joint. It is used as a method of closing presses and also serves to apply pressure at the same time.
TOLERANCE - A specified allowance for deviations in weighing, measuring. etc., or for deviations from the standard dimensions or weight.
TUNNEL GATE - See SUBMARINE GATE.
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U
ULTRASONIC SEALING OR BONDING - A sealing method in which sealing is accomplished through the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies (20 to 40 kc.). Electrical energy is converted to ultrasonic vibrations through the use of either a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducer. The vibratory pressures at the interface in the sealing area develop localized heat losses which melt the plastic surfaces effecting the seal.
ULTRASONIC INSERTION - The inserting of a metal insert into a thermoplastic part by the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies.
UNDERCUT - (a.) Having a protrusion or indentation that impedes withdrawal from a two-piece, rigid mold. Flexible materials can be ejected intact even with slight undercuts. (n.) Any such protrusion or indentation; depends also on design of mold.
UNIT MOLD - Mold designed for quick changing interchangeable cavity parts.
UV STABALIZER (ULTRAVIOLET) - Any chemical compound which, when admixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs UV rays.
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V
VACUUM METALIZING - Process in which surfaces are thinly coated with metal by exposing them to the vapor of metal that has been evaporated under vacuum (one millionth of normal atmospheric pressure.)
VENT - In a mold, a shallow channel or minute hole cut in the cavity to allow air to escape as the material enters.
VERTICAL FLASH RING - The clearance between the core and the vertical wall of the cavity in a positive or semi-positive mold; also the ring of excess material which escapes from the cavity into this clearance space.
VOID - A void or bubble occurring in the center of a heavy thermoplastic part usually caused by excessive shrinkage.
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W
WARPAGE - Dimensional distortion in a plastic object after molding.
WATER ABSORPTION - The ability of a thermoplastic material to absorb water from an environment.
WEB GATE - See DIAPHRAGM GATE.
WELD LINE - See FLOW LINE.
WELD MARK - See FLOW LINE.
WELDING - Joining thermoplastic pieces by one of several heat-softening processes: Butt fusion, spin welding, ultrasonic, and hot gas are several methods.
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X
No terms.
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Y
YIELD VALUE - (Yield Strength) The lowest stress at which a material undergoes plastic deformation. Below this stress, the material is elastic; above it, viscous.
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Z
No terms.
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社団法人 日本工業技術振興協会(JAPAN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ASSOCIATION 略称JTTAS)
http://www.jttas.or.jp/html/techrep.htm
技術レポート
http://www.apisolution.com/images/glossary_plastic_injection_molding_engineering_manufacturing.pdf参照
J
JETTING - Turbulent flow of resin from an undersized gate or thin section into a thicker mold section, as opposed to laminar flow of material progressing radially from a gate to the extremities of the cavity.
JIG - Means of holding a part and guiding the tool during machining or assembly operation.
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K
KIRKSITE - An alloy of aluminum and zinc used for the construction of blow molds; it imparts high degree of heat conductivity to the mold.
KNIT LINES - See FLOW LINE.
KNOCKOUT PIN - See EJECTOR PIN.
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L
LAMINAR FLOW - Laminar flow of thermoplastic resins in a mold is accompanied by solidification of the layer in contact with the mold surface that acts as an insulating tube through which material flows to fill the remainder of the cavity. This type of flow is essential to duplication of the mold surface.
LAMINATED PLASTICS (Synthetic resin-bonded laminate, laminate) - A plastics material consisting of superimposed layers of a synthetic resin-impregnated or -coated filler which have been bonded together, usually by means of heat and pressure, to form a single piece.
LIGHT-RESISTANCE - The ability of a plastics material to resist fading after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light.
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M
MANIFOLD - See HOT RUNNER.
MATTE FINISH - A type of dull. non-reflective finish. See SURFACE FINISH.
MELT INDEX - The amount, in grams, of a thermoplastic resin which can be forced through a 0.0825 inch orifice when subjected to 2160 grams force in 10 minutes at 190°C.
MELT STRENGTH - The strength of the plastic while in the molten state.
METERING SCREW - An extrusion screw which has a shallow constant depth. and constant pitch section over, usually. the last 3 to 4 flights.
MICA - Any of a group of mineral silicates crystallizing in monoclinic forms that readily separate into very thin leaves. Used as a filler for plastics molding materials.
METALIZING - See VACUUM METALIZING.
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY - The ratio of stress to strain in a material that is elastically deformed.
MOLDING CYCLE - See CYCLE.
MOLDING MATERIAL - Plastic material in varying stages of granulation often comprising resin, filler, pigments, plasticizers and other ingredients, ready for use in the molding operation. Also called "Molding Compound' or ‘Powder."
MOLDING PRESSURE - The pressure applied directly or indirectly on the compound to allow the complete transformation to a solid dense part.
MOLDING SHRINKAGE - The difference in dimensions, expressed in inches per inch, between a molding and the mold cavity in which it was molded, both the mold and the molding being at normal room temperature when measured. Also called "Mold Shrinkage," or "Shrinkage," and "Contraction.'
MOLD RELEASE - A lubricant used to coat a mold cavity to prevent the molded piece from sticking to it, and thus to facilitate its removal from the mold. Also called Release Agent."
MOLD SEAM - A line formed by mold construction such as removable members in cavity, cam slides, etc. (Not to be confused with mold parting line).
MOLECULAR WEIGHT - The sum of the atomic masses of the elements forming the molecule.
MONOMER - A relatively simple compound which can react to form a polymer.
MOVABLE PLATEN - The moving platen of an injection or compression molding machine to which half of the mold is secured during operation. This platen is moved either by a hydraulic ram or a toggle mechanism.
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N
NOTCH SENSITIVITY - The extent to which the sensitivity of a material to fracture is increased by the presence of a surface in homogeneity such as a notch, a sudden change in section, a crack, or a scratch. Low notch sensitivity is usually associated with ductile materials, and high notch sensitivity with brittle materials.
NOZZLE - The hollow cored metal nose screwed into the extrusion end of (a) the heating cylinder of an injection machine, or (b) a transfer chamber where this is a separate structure.
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O
OLEFINS - A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general formula CnH2n, and named after the corresponding paraffins by the addition of "ene" or "ylene to the stem. Examples are ethylene and propylene.
ORANGE PEEL - A type of granular surface finish resembling the peel of an orange.
ORIENTATION - The alignment of the crystalline structure in polymeric materials so as to produce a highly uniform structure. Can he accomplished by cold drawing or stretching during fabrication.
OUT-OF-ROUND - Non uniform radius or diameter.
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P
PARTING LINE - Mark on a molding or casting where halves of mold met in closing.
PARTITIONED MOLD COOLING - See BUBBLER.
PERMANENT SET - The increase in length. expressed in a percentage of the original length, by which an elastic material fails to return to original length after being stressed for a standard period of time.
PINPOINT GATE - A restricted orifice through which molten resin flows into a mold cavity. Also called ‘Restricted Gate."
PITCH - The distance from any point on the flight of a screw line to the corresponding point on an adjacent flight, measured parallel to the axis of the screw line or threading.
PLASTIC - Natural and synthetic material and chemicals that can be transformed into a solid, as either or both heat and pressure is applied.
PLASTIC DEFORMATION - A change in dimensions of an object under load that is not recovered when the load is removed: opposed to elastic deformation.
PLASTIC TOOLING - Tools. e.g.. dies. jigs. fixtures, etc., for the metal forming trades constructed of plastics, generally laminates or casting materials.
PLASTICITY - A property of plastics which allows the material to be deformed continuously and permanently without rupture upon the application of a force that exceeds the yield value of the material.
PLASTICIZE - To soften a material and make it plastic or moldable, either by means of a plasticizer or the application of heat.
PLASTICIZER - A material incorporated in a plastic to increase its workability and its flexibility or distensibility; normally used in thermoplastics.
PLASTISOLS - Mixtures of vinyl resins and plasticizers which can be molded: cast, or converted to continuous films by the application of heat.
PLUNGER - That part of a transfer or injection press that applies pressure on the unmelted plastic material to push it into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle. See RAM.
POLYMER - A high-molecular-weight organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, the MER: e.g.. polyethylene. rubber, cellulose. Synthetic polymers are formed by addition or condensation polymerization of monomers. If two or more monomers are involved, a copolymer is obtained. Some polymers are elastomers, some plastics.
POLYMERIZATION - A chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monomer are linked together to form large molecules whose molecular weight is a multiple of that of the original substance. When two or more monomers are involved, the process is called copolymerization or heteropolymerization.
POTTING - Similar to ENCAPSULATING, except that steps are taken to insure complete penetration of all the voids in the object before the resin polymerizes.
PERFORM - A pill, tablet, or biscuit used in thermoset molding. Material measured by volume, the bulk factor of powder reduced by pressure all in the interest of efficiency and accuracy.
PREHEATING - The heating of a compound prior to molding or casting in order to facilitate the operation, reduce cycle, and improve product.
PREMIX - A molding compound prepared prior to and apart from the molding operations and containing all components required for molding: resin, reinforcement fillers, catalysts, release agents, and other compounds.
PRESSURE FORMING - A thermoforming process wherein pressure is used to push the sheet to be formed against the mold surface as opposed to using a vacuum to suck the sheet flat against the mold.
PROTOTYPE MOLD - A simplified mold construction often made from a light metal casting alloy or from an epoxy resin in order to obtain information for the final mold and/or part design.
PURGING - Cleaning one color or type of material from the cylinder of an injection molding machine or extruder by forcing it out with the new color or material to be used in subsequent production. Purging materials are also available.
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Q
No terms.
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R
RAM - The press member that enters the cavity block and exerts pressure on the molding compound designated as the ‘top force' or "bottom force" by position .in the assembly.
RAM TRAVEL - Distance ram moves when operating a complete molding cycle.
RECIPROCATING SCREW - A combination injection and plasticizing unit in which an extrusion device with a reciprocating screw is used to plasticize the material. Injection of material into a mold can take place by direct extrusion into the mold, or by reciprocating the screw as an injection plunger, or by a combination of the two. When the screw serves as an injection plunger, this unit acts as a holding, measuring, and injection chamber.
REINFORCED MOLDING COMPOUND - A material reinforced with special fillers to meet specific requirements (glass, carbon, etc.)
REINFORCEMENT - A strong inert material bound into a plastic to improve its strength. stiffness, and impact resistance. Reinforcements are usually long fibers of glass, sisal, cotton, etc. ― in woven or nonwoven form.
RELEASE AGENT - See MOLD RELEASE.
RESIN - Any of a class of solid or semi-solid organic products of natural or synthetic origin, generally of high molecular weight with no definite melting point. Most resins are polymers.
RETAINER PLATE - The plate on which demountable pieces, such as mold cavities, ejector pins, guide pins, and bushings are mounted during molding: usually drilled for water lines.
RIB - A reinforcing member of a fabricated or molded part.
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - A common method of testing material for resistance to indentation in which a diamond or steel ball, under pressure, is used to pierce the test specimen.
RUBBER - An elastomer capable of rapid elastic recovery after being stretched to at least twice its length at temperatures from 0 to 150°F at any humidity.
RUNNER - In an injection or transfer mold, the channel that connects the sprue with the gate to the cavity.
RUNNER SYSTEM - The term usually applied to all the material in the form of sprues, runners and gates which lead material from the nozzle of an injection machine or the pot of a transfer mold to the mold cavity.
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S
SCREW PLASTICATING INJECTION MOLDING - A technique in which the plastic is converted from pellets to a viscose melt by means of an extruder screw which is an integral part of the molding machine. Machines are either single stage (in which plastication and injection are done in the same cylinder) or double stage in which the material is plasticated in one cylinder and then fed to a second for injection into a mold.
SEGREGATION - A separation of components in a molded article usually denoted by wavy lines and color striations in thermoplastics. In thermosets, usually meaning segregation of resin and filler on surface.
SELF-EXTINGUISHING - The term applied to a flammable material that will cease burning when the source of heat is removed. Usually expressed in time elapsed.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC MOLDING MACHINE - A molding machine in which only part of the operation is controlled by the direct action of a human. The automatic part of the operation is controlled by the machine according to a predetermined program.
SHELF LIFE - An expression to describe the time a molding compound can be stored without losing any of its original physical or molding properties.
SHORE HARDNESS - A method of determining the hardness of a plastic material using a scelroscope. This device consists of a small conical hammer fitted with a diamond point and acting in a glass tube. The hammer is made to strike the material under test and the degree of rebound is noted on a graduated scale. Generally. the harder the material the greater will be the rebound.
SHORT SHOT - A molded part produced when the mold has not been filled completely.
SHOT - The yield from one complete molding cycle, including cull, runner, and flash.
SHOT CAPACITY - The maximum weight of material which a machine can produce from one forward motion of the plunger or screw.
SHRINKAGE - See MOLD SHRINKAGE.
SHRINK FIXTURE - See COOLING FIXTURE.
SIDE CORING OR SIDE DRAW PINS - Projections used to core a hole in a direction other than the line of closing of a mold, and which must be withdrawn before the part is ejected from the mold.
SILK SCREEN PRINTING - This. printing method, in its basic form, involves laying a pattern of an insoluble material, in outline, on a finely woven fabric, so that when ink is drawn across it. it is able to pass through the screen only in the desired areas. Also called "Screen Process Decorating."
SILICONE - Chemical derived from silica used in molding as a release agent and general lubricant.
SINK MARK - A depression or dimple on the surface of an injection molded part due to collapsing of the surface following local internal shrinkage after the gate seals. May also be caused by a short shot.
SINTERING - In forming articles from fusible powders, e.g.. nylon, the process of holding the pressed-powder article at a temperature just below its melting point for about 1/2 hour. Particles are fused (sintered) together, but the mass, as a whole, does not melt.
SOLVENT - Any substance, usually a liquid, which dissolves other substances.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The density (mass per unit volume) of any material divided by that of water.
SPIDER GATE - Multi-gating of a part through a system of radial runners from the sprue.
SPIN WELDING - A process of fusing two objects together by forcing them together while one of the pair is spinning, until frictional heat melts the interface. Spinning is then stopped and pressure held until they are frozen together.
SPLAY MARKS - Lines found in part after molding, usually due to flow of material in mold
SPRUE - Feed opening provided in the injection or transfer mold; also, the slug formed at this hole.
SPRUE-BUSHING - A hardened steel insert in an injection mold which contains the tapered sprue hold and has a suitable seat for the nozzle of the injection cylinder.
SPRUE GATE - A passageway through which molten resin flows from the nozzle to the mold cavity.
SPRUE LOCK OR PULLER - In injection molding, a portion of the plastic composition which is held in the cold slug well by an undercut; used to pull the sprue out of the bushing as the mold is opened. The sprue lock itself is pushed out of the mold by an ejector pin. When the undercut occurs on the cavity block retainer plate, this pin is called the Sprue Ejector Pin.
STABILIZER - An ingredient used in the formulation of some plastics to assist in maintaining the physical and chemical properties of the compounded materials at their initial values throughout the processing and service life of the material.
STATIONARY PLATEN - The plate of an injection or compression molding machine to which the front plate of the mold is secured during operation. This platen does not move during normal operation.
STORAGE LIFE - See SHELF LIFE.
STRIATION - A separation of colors resulting in a linear effect of color variation.
STRIPPER-PLATE - A plate that strips a molded piece from core pins or core, the stripper-plate is set into operation by the opening of the mold.
SUBMARINE GATE - A type of edge gate where the opening from the runner into the mold is located below the parting line or mold surface as opposed to conventional edge gating where the opening is machined into the surface of the mold. With submarine gates, the part is broken from the runner system on ejection from the mold.
SURFACE FINISH - Finish of molded product.
SURFACE TREATING - Any method of treating a material so as to alter the surface and render it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, and adhesives such as chemical, flame, and electronic treating.
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T
TAB GATED - A small removable tab of approximately the same thickness as the mold item, usually located perpendicular to the molded part. The tab is used as a site for edge gate location, usually on items with large flat areas.
TAPPING - Cutting threads in the walls of a circular hole.
TENSILE STRENGTH - The pulling stress, in psi, required to break a given specimen. Area used in computing strength is usually the original, rather than the necked-down area.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - Ability of a material to conduct heat; physical constant for quantity of heat that passes through unit cube of a substance in unit of time when difference in temperature of two faces is 1°.
THERMAL EXPANSION - See COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.
THERMAL STRESS CRACKING (TSC) - Crazing and cracking of some thermoplastic resins which results from over-exposure to elevated temperatures.
THERMOPLASTIC - (a.) Capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling ― (n.) A material that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled. Typical of the thermoplastic family are the styrene polymers and copolymers, acrylics, cellulosics, polyethylenes, polypropylene, vinyls, nylons, and the various fluorocarbon materials.
THERMOSET - A material that will undergo or has undergone a chemical reaction by the action of heat and pressure, catalysts, ultra-violet light, etc., leading to a relatively infusible state. Typical of the plastics in the thermosetting family are the aminos (melamine and urea), most polyesters, alkyds, epoxies, and phenolics.
THREAD PLUG OR RING OR CORE - A part of a mold that shapes a thread and must be unscrewed from the finished piece.
TIE BARS - Bars which provide structural rigidity to the clamping mechanism of a press often used to guide platen movement.
TOGGLE ACTION - A mechanism which exerts pressure developed by the application of force on a knee joint. It is used as a method of closing presses and also serves to apply pressure at the same time.
TOLERANCE - A specified allowance for deviations in weighing, measuring. etc., or for deviations from the standard dimensions or weight.
TUNNEL GATE - See SUBMARINE GATE.
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U
ULTRASONIC SEALING OR BONDING - A sealing method in which sealing is accomplished through the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies (20 to 40 kc.). Electrical energy is converted to ultrasonic vibrations through the use of either a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducer. The vibratory pressures at the interface in the sealing area develop localized heat losses which melt the plastic surfaces effecting the seal.
ULTRASONIC INSERTION - The inserting of a metal insert into a thermoplastic part by the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies.
UNDERCUT - (a.) Having a protrusion or indentation that impedes withdrawal from a two-piece, rigid mold. Flexible materials can be ejected intact even with slight undercuts. (n.) Any such protrusion or indentation; depends also on design of mold.
UNIT MOLD - Mold designed for quick changing interchangeable cavity parts.
UV STABALIZER (ULTRAVIOLET) - Any chemical compound which, when admixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs UV rays.
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V
VACUUM METALIZING - Process in which surfaces are thinly coated with metal by exposing them to the vapor of metal that has been evaporated under vacuum (one millionth of normal atmospheric pressure.)
VENT - In a mold, a shallow channel or minute hole cut in the cavity to allow air to escape as the material enters.
VERTICAL FLASH RING - The clearance between the core and the vertical wall of the cavity in a positive or semi-positive mold; also the ring of excess material which escapes from the cavity into this clearance space.
VOID - A void or bubble occurring in the center of a heavy thermoplastic part usually caused by excessive shrinkage.
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W
WARPAGE - Dimensional distortion in a plastic object after molding.
WATER ABSORPTION - The ability of a thermoplastic material to absorb water from an environment.
WEB GATE - See DIAPHRAGM GATE.
WELD LINE - See FLOW LINE.
WELD MARK - See FLOW LINE.
WELDING - Joining thermoplastic pieces by one of several heat-softening processes: Butt fusion, spin welding, ultrasonic, and hot gas are several methods.
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X
No terms.
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Y
YIELD VALUE - (Yield Strength) The lowest stress at which a material undergoes plastic deformation. Below this stress, the material is elastic; above it, viscous.
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Z
No terms.
One Shot Timing Circuit
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Hidraulika i Pneumatika 07 Razvodnici 01
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