英文论文的语言使用规范

很多留学新生在写作英文论文的时候，都会因为对语言的使用不太熟悉，或者不知道英文论文的语言规范，导致写的英文论文出现了不少问题。鉴此，下面就给大家讲解一下英文论文的语言使用规范，希望大家都能注意这个问题。

一、语言规范的重要性

1、英文论文的语言使用规范可以用来检测学生在各个学历阶段英语学习的情况。单词拼写错误是否明显，用词的选择是否恰当，句式上是否仍带有Chinglish的痕迹，从整个语篇来看是否具有英式思维。

2、英文论文的语言使用规范可以用来检测学生在撰写论文时的思路逻辑。语言使用规范不仅包括字词句的使用，还有句段和逻辑，以及文体文风。不同的论文能看出不同的写作思路、论证方法，有的是先提出问题，最后下结论，有的是在文章开头就给出自己要论证的观点，然后铺开陈述和论证。

3、英文论文的语言使用规范可以用来检测学生上课是否有听导师的要求和标准。有的导师在上课时已给出了模板，和相应的要求，如果使用不规范，导师会生气的。

二、语言规范处理技巧

1、基础层面。如果将英文论文比作宏伟大厦，字词句就是奠基石，是基础了，所以强烈建议学生在平常上课和学习，甚至生活中都要不断地积累学习英语，摆脱母语思维的方式，在与人交流、思考问题、论文写作的时候不要再讲汉语作为过渡了。平时多看英文文献，要记得做笔记积累，多学多思多练笔。

2、搭建结构。在开题报告和提纲的帮助下，将要用的资料，包括文献和自己整理的笔记按照提纲上的顺序放好。写之前和写作中都要理清头绪，想好论证的结构，中心明确，详略得当。

3、形成文风。根据课程的性质和选题来体现自己的风格，也体现文章的风格，这一层是相当难的，也可称作修改润色阶段，力求专业。

以上就是关于英文论文语言的使用规范，如果大家语言使用不规范的话，那么扣分是很严重的，所以大家一定要重视这个问题。

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Paper代写：The development of artificial intelligence in Europe

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The development of artificial intelligence in Europe，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了欧洲人工智能发展。目前，欧洲约有1600家处于早期阶段的人工智能软件公司。随着人工智能创业项目的增多，这一数字还在不断增长。欧洲的人工智能创业企业生态系统正在走向成熟。这些公司在发展过程中，与其他国家的人工智能企业面临相似的挑战，包括吸引更多的投资和人才，同行业内现有企业及已形成规模的企业开展差异化竞争等。在行业发展方面，90%着眼于“垂直业务”，即人工智能的应用业务功能或行业内应用。由于对保健医疗的重视，很多初创企业专注于医疗健康领域。这些公司也为金融服务、零售和媒体娱乐提供了良好的服务。而在制造业、农业等相对传统部门的人工智能初创公司，市场机会相对有限。

Artificial intelligence is a rapidly developing technology that resembles a computer program, but is also considered a disruptive technology that is likely to lead the fourth technological revolution. At present, the development of artificial intelligence in Europe has its own characteristics, but also encountered some problems. China is making rapid progress in artificial intelligence, but also faces problems that need to be solved. We can learn from foreign experience and lessons to prevent these problems from becoming obstacles to the development of artificial intelligence.

Although artificial intelligence is a technology, it differs from previous technological innovations. Previous technological progress, to a large extent, is the amplification and extension of human physical strength and perceptual ability. But artificial intelligence is an AId to human intelligence. Artificial intelligence, especially with software that learns and improves through experience, enables the abilities of the human mind, such as understanding, reasoning, planning and communication, to be implemented more effectively and efficiently, and at lower and lower cost. At the same time, AI is more data-centric. For some routine analysis tasks, AI can generate new, data-based analysis, even if the analysis is always done with software. These features create new opportunities for AI in most business segments and consumer applications. Key AI products, services and functions that are currently familiar to the general public include self-driving cars, automated medical diagnostics, voice input for human-computer interaction, intelligent agents, automated data synthesis, and decision support systems. Overall, AI will have a wide range of applications in many industries that require a lot of time to collect, aggregate and analyze, such as finance, trade, manufacturing and healthcare. It can be sAId that many industries that are closely related to human beings will have the intervention of artificial intelligence.

There are many dimensions to measure the current development of artificial intelligence, and the application scope and level of artificial intelligence is one of them. Due to the significant effect of artificial intelligence on the improvement of enterprise and industry benefits, the application scale expands rapidly. It is estimated that one in seven large companies will adopt AI in the next 12 months, rising to two-thirds in 24 months. By the middle of 2019, AI will move from its early days in individual industries to the mAInstream. And as the supply of relevant software booms, AI will form an ecosystem that makes it more important than blockchAIns and the Internet of things. But every app has a leader and a laggard, and the rise in overall usage masks the difference in usage. Leaders take advantage of the advantages, increase investment, accelerate the speed of iteration and upgrade. In the industry, the leaders are financial services and high-tech companies, which are early adopters. RetAIl, healthcare, media and other "enablers" are accelerating. Government agencies, charities and other relatively slow development. Within companies, the leading force of AI has also moved from senior management to IT departments. Executives used to push AI for strategic reasons, but now focus more on how to make it work better. Therefore, in the future, many enterprise IT departments will become the mAIn driving force for planning and implementing AI projects. Overall, the range of AI applications will expand rapidly, and the application considerations will shift from "if" to "how" to make it more effective. Competition has come to the application level.

One is the replacement of jobs. If automation and robots replace some manual workers engaged in simple and repetitive work, then the automation of artificial intelligence is likely to replace many administrative jobs and even some highly skilled labor force, such as data collection and analysts in financial institutions. This substitution of human intelligence, not physical strength, could spark fears of artificial intelligence. Second, there is prejudice. The learning mode of artificial intelligence is trAIned by human based on data, which is likely to reflect prejudice agAInst gender or race, which may lead to personal economic loss and loss of employment opportunities. The third is to destroy trust. Recently, video, an artificial intelligence-assisted "face changing", has become popular on the Internet. If even video could be reinvented, the principle that seeing is believing would be undermined, and it would be easy to mislead individuals. As trust is broken, so will social order. Fourth, how to balance privacy and security. With the rapid development of face recognition technology, individuals' whereabouts and movements can be clearly tracked. Would this be an invasion of privacy? Or to what extent will the public tolerate trading privacy for security? These are all questions to consider.

There are about 1,600 early-stage AI software companies in Europe. That number is growing as the number of AI startups grows. In 2013, for example, one in 50 startups embraced the idea of AI, but now one in 12 startups puts AI at the heart of their value proposition. Europe's AI start-up ecosystem is maturing. In the process of development, these companies face similar challenges to AI enterprises in other countries, including attracting more investment and talents, and carrying out differentiated competition among existing and established enterprises in the same industry. In terms of industry development, 90% focus on "vertical business", i.e. applied business functions or intra-industry applications of artificial intelligence. Due to the emphasis on healthcare, many start-ups focus on healthcare. These companies also provide good services for financial services, retAIl and media and entertAInment. However, the market opportunities for AI start-ups in traditional sectors such as manufacturing and agriculture are relatively limited. About one in six companies has more than $8 million invested and is "growing." About 10 per cent of AI start-ups offer "horizontal business", the development of core AI technologies. But the 10 per cent are more favoured by investors, attracting about a fifth of venture capital.

On a country-by-country basis, BritAIn is certAInly the leader. There are about 500 AI start-ups in the UK, a third of Europe's total and twice as many as in any other country. Germany and France are also pushing ahead with artificial intelligence centres in Europe, and at a faster pace. Thanks to their strong economies, start-ups in both countries continue to receive investment and attract talent, which in turn provides positive feedback for economic growth and increased investment returns. SpAIn has recently encountered some difficulties in economic development, but with the superior location, relative Western Europe is more open, inclusive of social environment and better living environment, attracted immigrants from central and eastern Europe and other regions AI about entrepreneurship, so as to enrich its talent pool, also make SpAIn one of venture investment target countries. Its ability to attract talent has also contributed greatly to the development of the European AI industry. Italy has also shown strength beyond its size in developing core artificial intelligence technologies. On the one hand, it has similar advantages to SpAIn, but also has a wider application scenario and a better manufacturing base. Nordic countries, such as Sweden, Norway, Finland and so on, have unique technological advantages and profound foundation in the application and development of artificial intelligence, which also provides impetus for the local development of artificial intelligence.

First, the negative impact of brexit. The UK's tertiary industry, whether financial services or creative development, is a leading position in Europe and even the world. Many European artificial intelligence start-ups use the UK as their platform for venture capital financing. In the UK, AI start-ups are attracting talent from the continent. However, once brexit happens, the benign interaction between BritAIn and the European continent will be broken, BritAIn's status as a financial platform will be reduced, and it will be more difficult to attract talents. In the short term, European companies will be affected, but the UK will be affected more, which will interfere with the overall development of artificial intelligence in Europe. Second, too much emphasis on data protection, so that artificial intelligence into "cooking without rice" situation. The general data protection regulation promulgated by the European Union focuses on the protection of personal data. The regulations prohibit the use of data for different purposes, so AI companies cannot legally collect users' data and use it for AI algorithm trAIning, and the data becomes silent data. At the same time, the regulations stipulate that users own the data and can transfer it to other companies. On the one hand, this will bring trAIning errors; on the other hand, it will bring losses to the companies that collect and collate the data in the first place. From the perspective of the market, it is not reasonable enough, which is not conducive to the development of the artificial intelligence industry.

China's artificial intelligence is developing rapidly. According to the report on the development of artificial intelligence in China, by June 2018, there were 2,028 artificial intelligence enterprises in the United States, and 1,011 in mAInland China, ranking second in the world. At the same time, in terms of investment and financing, China also mAIntAIns a relatively high rate of growth. In 2017, the total investment and financing of AI-related enterprises in China reached 277.1 billion us dollars, with 369 financing events. Financing accounted for 70 per cent of the global total and 31 per cent of the financing transactions. Moreover, from 2013 to the first quarter of 2018, China has surpassed the United States to become the world's first country in terms of the total amount of artificial intelligence financing, but the United States still leads the world in terms of the number of investment and financing. This also shows that the number of innovative enterprises in the United States is relatively large, and the investment and financing received is relatively scattered, while in China, it is relatively more concentrated in large enterprises.

In addition, in terms of market size, China is also growing steadily. The size of China's artificial intelligence market has grown from 51.7 billion yuan in 2014 to an estimated 238.2 billion yuan in 2018, with an annual growth rate of about 50% from about 30%, according to data released by the China business research institute.

In addition to industrial development, China also performs well in artificial intelligence patents, which reflect technological strength. China, the United States and Japan ranked third among the countries/regions of technological origin in this field, accounting for 74% of the total patent disclosure. In terms of patent use, China's AI patent technology layout ranks the first place, while the proportion of authorized patents in the United States ranks the first in the world.

First, policy promotion and guarantee. In 2017, China released the next generation of artificial intelligence development plan, which proposes a three-step plan for China and its enterprises to play a leading role in the field of artificial intelligence. Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence by 2025; Global leadership in artificial intelligence by 2030. The plan comes ahead of plans by the United States and Russia this year to develop artificial intelligence. Second, data advantage. AI systems often need to be constantly updated for trAIning to improve. On the one hand, compared with the eu's excessive protection of personal data, China's data use regulations are relatively lax. The other is to reduce the isolation of data within the company. Seventy-eight per cent of China's leading companies keep their data in a centralized data pool, compared with 37 per cent in Europe and 43 per cent in the us. Third, the inherent data heritage of Chinese enterprises is less. European and American enterprise applications and data processes have taken shape, making it difficult to adjust for artificial intelligence. Chinese enterprises are less concerned about this.

One is personal privacy. Loose data management conditions in China are conducive to the evolution of artificial intelligence systems, but enterprises lack respect for personal privacy, and various applications collect customer data on a large scale, increasing the possibility of personal privacy disclosure. The personal information protection law has been included in the current legislative plan to promote a more standardized and orderly development of artificial intelligence. Second, the problem of personnel trAIning. The size of the artificial intelligence talent pool in the United States is more than 50 percent higher than that in China, while 60 percent of Chinese artificial intelligence enterprises stress that China is more short of talents than American or European enterprises. The third is the replacement of labor force by artificial intelligence and automation. About two-thirds of leading AI companies expect the technology to reduce the size of their workforce because of its potential replacement for intellectual workers, compared with a third of European companies. All these situations indicate that China's current artificial intelligence enterprises, relying on the huge market brought by the population, have developed rapidly in the application level and vertical industry, but still have a big gap with foreign countries in the development of core artificial intelligence technology, talent cultivation, privacy protection and other aspects. And artificial intelligence, automation development to replace the labor force, may bring economic and social impact also need to pay attention to, and solve as soon as possible.

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如何修改Essay

很多留学生经常说要努力写好Essay，但每次写作Essay的时候，都是草草完成，之后就啥也不管了，这肯定是不行的。一篇Essay完成后，还要经过不断的检查修改，百炼成钢之后才是最后的成品，这样的Essay才有机会拿高分，下面就教大家如何去修改Essay.

一、随时修改

平时的作业基本上都是两三千字的，篇幅较小的使用这种方法很好，就是在准备好选题，搜集好材料，打好草稿之后动笔阶段，如果发现有选题有不好的可以及时补充发现材料。对语句写作上也要有所斟酌。

二、虚心征求别人的意见

Essay完成后，要敢于暴露，请他人阅读和帮助修改。也许自己写的Essay看不出太多的毛病，可以虚心听听他人的批评和建议，进一步消化分析、取长补短、集思广益，进而通盘考虑，使Essay达到比较理想的水平。

三、冷热修改交替进行

热改法就是在Essay完成后趁热打铁，立即进行修改，能发现很明显的小错误，还记忆清晰、印象鲜明，改动及时。冷改法就是Essay完成后放上一段时间在修改，这样能够避免不冷静清新的缺点，再看初稿就容易发现不完善、不妥当之处，通过删除多余、增补不足，使论文水平有新的提高。

四、自我朗读，锤炼词句

Essay完成之后自己多看几遍，发现问题并予以修改，甚至可以朗读出来，这样对于文中存在的一些毛病如语句不通、衔接不紧、缺词漏字、论证有漏洞等问题很容易发现。尤其是留学新生可以尝试使用这种方法。

五、修改的标准

1、Essay的论题。不管是平常作业还是以后要写的Dissertation，选题都是至关重要的一步，决定了之后的写作进行，还有毕业！在平常锻炼中就要做好选题的步骤，为后期的写作能力打下基础。

2、Essay的结构安排。动笔之前最好是有个Outline,合理安排论证的进程，每个板块之间既要符合逻辑也要互相有关系。

3、Essay的内容。论点一定要正确、鲜明、有价值、有创新点，论据要围绕中心论点展开论证。

4、Essay的语言。使用地道的英文表达，最基本的单词语法、句式选词的注意，句子段落要读得通顺并且是一个整体。

5、Essay的标点符号。要正确使用标点符号哦！

6、Essay的格式。要按照学院专业老师的要求格式进行，比如参考文献该用哈佛格式就千万不要用错了。

以上就是关于Essay的修改方法和建议，如果大家在修改Essay的时候毫无头绪，那就参考一下以上这几点，去完善自己的Essay.

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Paper代写：Analysis of female image in Alita battle angel

本篇paper代写- Analysis of female image in Alita battle angel讨论了《阿丽塔·战斗天使》中的女性形象。在电影《阿丽塔·战斗天使》中的女主人公阿丽塔作为女性的性征被削弱，更为中性化。类似于机器人的身体结构使得阿丽塔作为女性的柔美感被取代，变得更加刚强坚毅。阿丽塔在电影中与早期超级英雄电影中的不堪一击女性形象截然不同的勇敢和超凡的能力，少女的外形和超强的战斗力形成鲜明反差，令不少观众眼前一亮，印象深刻。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In the movie "Alita battle angel", the heroine Alita has a short black hair, big eyes and a small and neat figure. No long sexy big waves and no graceful and charming front and back upturned appearance make Alita less feminine and more androgyny. From the perspective of physical structure, Alita lost as a human flesh sense, she was "father" from the abandoned field to pick up back for transformation, put on the original belongs to his daughter by steel machine armor, no pain. Such a robot-like body structure replaces the feminine sense of Alita as a woman and makes her more firm and resolute. Such physical features make it impossible for audiences to "pry" Alita as a traditional woman and reduce the pleasing sense to men.

Alita as a fighting angel, fighting to fill her heart. When she go with Hugo for mobile games will show her strong combat capability and inherent competitive, later she found a truly belong to her reinforced armor, fighting capacity, to join a bounty hunter in underground bars can destroy an enemy regiment, particularly in motor ball game china-arab rita through their own ability and to fight before terminating each with a deadly weapon "tiger" to the roller compaction, shows the rita does not lose in the men's ability. Alita not only has extraordinary fighting ability and a cavity of justice, in the face of evil greuishka and the nova big boss behind him, Alita shoulder their own mission not afraid of might, have the courage to fight with evil forces, in the face of threats and temptation also do not forget the original intention. In the film, Alita is quite different from the vulnerable female images in the early superhero films. Her bravery and extraordinary ability, girl's appearance and super fighting power form a sharp contrast, which makes many audiences stand out and deeply impressed.

In the film Alita in addition to the main line of revenge road, also extended a love line. As a mechanical girl, Alita has a human heart and brain, that is, her own emotions. A rita met Hugo in iron and steel city, young men and girls in getting along with the center of god love, when that boyfriend Hugo do everything in order to be able to go to iron and steel city's upper class society to do efforts not hesitate to take out his heart to Hugo, such sincere heart shows a rita treat love sincere and pay. At the same time, Alita's subliminal protection and teasing of the roadside dogs also shaped her kindness and innocence. In the film, Alita combines both firmness and softness, including resourceful fighting talent and innocent and lovely girly feelings. The director does not make Alita too firm in order to create a neutral role, but keeps the female tenderness while making her image more full and rich.

In recent years, in addition to rita o "angels" to fight, dominated by women superhero movie has many, DC production "wonder woman" and the captain marvel of diffuse power, including the upcoming "black widow", the producers can be found more and more attention to the group of women for super hero type of movie. Physically, these superheroines are no longer scantily clad to appeal to male audiences through their sexy and graceful bodies, and no longer in the position of being seen. In contrast to earlier hero movies, female heroes have become increasingly androgynous in dress and appearance, with captain marvel even appearing as a tomboy in avengers iv. The liberation of female heroes from the aesthetics of others is closely related to the improvement of women's social status and the awakening of self-consciousness. As a producer, such a change is not only to expand the audience group of hero movies, but also to conform to the inevitable trend of benign cultural output of The Times.

In addition to the changes in appearance, female superheroes have also significantly changed from traditional female heroes in terms of function and personality. Can be seen from the above analysis, the traditional female images in the super heroes or heroines are mostly not leading role, both in ability and character has a great gap with the male role or defect, its main function is to highlight the male hero tall wham or attract the eyes of the male audience to increase sales. However, in the past year or two, female superheroes have been able to become the leading role of superhero movies, and fight with the ultimate boss in a second. Character is a weak, become resolute, brave and kind.

From the narration of female characters, we find that female superheroes in the past two years show their confrontation with the male-dominated world through the development of the plot, which is lacking in the female characters in the early superhero films. The author will be "Alita battle angel" this film on the relevant interpretation. The film Alita's resistance to the patriarchal world mainly reflects the resistance and doubt to the patriarchy and the power of the husband. Alita is the body of her daughter retrieved from the abandoned field by Ed, who has always played the role of father. When Alita shows its fighting instinct, Ed shows strong opposition to even take extreme measures to limit freedom to produce fierce conflict, Ed wants Alita to be a good girl. But instead of conforming to her father's idea, Alita kept contradicting and explaining to him and finally made him compromise.

The image of female superheroes comes from nothing, from thin to plump, from foil to protagonist, which is closely related to the awakening of female self-consciousness and the promotion of female rights and interests. Superhero films have always been regarded as the output of American society and culture. Hollywood and other film production companies not only conform to the development of The Times, but also for film production, the appearance of female superheroes expands the type of superhero films and brings new experience to the audience. However, it should be noted that the rise of feminism does not mean that men should be blindly weakened. Female superhero movies should advocate the balanced development of gender relations and avoid the uglification and dwarfing of male characters.

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Essay代写：Public choice theory

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Public choice theory，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了公共选择理论。公共选择理论涉及国家理论、官员政治等，把经济学中的相关理论放到了政治研究领域。公共选择，就是政府选择，把个人选择转化为集体选择。公共选择理论基本假设是自利、理性的经济人，其研究路径是个人主义方法论，把个人看作决策的基本单位，因此分析社会现象应从个人出发去找原因，核心是政府失灵，即政府是追求利益最大化的经济人，政府失灵表现在失误的公共政策、政府人员多但效率低下、寻租现象等。

In the late 1940s, the theory of public choice was first put forward by buchanan, an economist. Its theme was similar to that of political science, including state theory and official politics. It put relevant theories of economics into the field of political research. Public choice theory the basic assumption is that self-interest, rational economic man, the research path is individualism methodology, the individual is regarded as the basic unit of the decision, so the analysis of social phenomenon we should departure from the individual to find the reason, the core is government failure, the government is seeking to maximize the interests of the agent, government failure in the failure of public policy, government officials more but low efficiency, rent-seeking phenomenon, etc.

According to the theory of public choice, government failure is caused by the inefficiency of the economy and the loss of social welfare when the government makes up for the defects of the market. Public departments waste and abuse resources when providing public goods, making public expenditure excessive and inefficient. The main reasons for government failure in China are as follows.

China is in a period of social transformation, and information asymmetry will objectively affect government decision-making, making the formulation of public policies divorced from reality. Government policies cannot ensure the best allocation of resources, which is manifested in three aspects: ineffective intervention of government policies, excessive intervention of government policies and low efficiency of government. Excessive investment in the production of public goods exceeding the social needs leads to a large amount of waste. In order to improve their performance, government officials ignore the cost, leading to a bloated organization, overstaffing and low efficiency.

Institutional effectiveness is affected by institutional conditions, institutional constraints are insufficient and profits drive will lead to institutional expansion. The operation of administrative power is expansionary, government officials obtain improper interests through rent-seeking, and the phenomenon of "departmentalization" of administrative power is serious, which challenges the authority of national legal system and hinders the normal operation of administrative power mechanism. Lack of regulation of administrative power will lead to the phenomenon of bureaucracy and separation from the masses from time to time, which is unfavorable to social and economic development.

Due to the influence of feudal absolutism, some leading cadres have little awareness of legal and institutional constraints. The restriction and supervision system of power operation is an important content in the construction of democracy and legal system as well as a weak link in our country's legal system construction. The selection and appointment of some governments is not fair and transparent, and the system of laws and regulations within the organizations is not perfect. Formalism, bureaucracy and hedonism exist, and the abuse of privileges lacks necessary supervision agencies.

The theory of public choice, which takes the theory of government failure as the core, has important reference significance to the government failure governance in China.

We will accelerate efforts to improve the socialist market economy. China's current implementation is to give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, economic reform must focus on improving the property rights system and market-oriented allocation of elements, to achieve effective incentives for property rights, enterprises survival of the fittest. ; We will deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, develop a mixed-ownership economy, implement a negative list system for market access across the board, support the development of private enterprises, and energize market entities of all types. We will deepen reform of the business system, break administrative monopolies, relax restrictions on access to the service sector, and improve the market supervision system. We should coordinate the relationship between the market and the government, accelerate the pace of market-oriented reform, and give full play to the original vitality and creativity of the market.

If our government wants to deepen the reform of institutions, it is necessary to promote the process of administration by law. First, we need to deepen the reform of government institutions. We will transform government functions, further streamline administration and delegate power, innovate ways of oversight, enhance the government's credibility and ability to execute, and build a service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with. Give more autonomy to governments at the provincial level and below. Secondly, we should promote the construction of administration by law. We must ensure that the rule of law is strictly enforced, that legislation is made in a scientific way, that law enforcement is strictly enforced, that justice is done impartially, and that all citizens abide by the law. We will build a law-based government, promote law-based administration, and enforce laws in a strict, standardized, fair and civilized manner. We will fully implement the judicial accountability system and increase efforts to popularize the law. Only in this way can the smooth progress of government reform be guaranteed.

We must strengthen the supervision and restraint mechanism that can contain and restrict the government's behavior, and formulate the laws and regulations on the supervision of the government's behavior scientifically. First, we need to fight corruption. We will continue to investigate both bribery and bribery, step up efforts to tackle corruption, advance national legislation against corruption, and build a reporting platform that covers disciplinary inspection and supervision systems. Second, we need to improve the party and state supervision system. We should strengthen the restriction and supervision on the exercise of power and give full play to the mutual supervision at the same level. The government should exercise power prudently and establish a perfect supervision and control mechanism through the construction and innovation of the system, so as to ensure the long-term stability of the society and the country.

The government is not omnipotent, and there are also failures. The convening of the 19th national congress combined with the public choice theory is more conducive to the modernization of government governance. For the areas where both the market and the government fail, it can be left to the social self-organization. Through the reorganization of government, market and social relations, reform the government to achieve the diversification of public goods providers. Therefore, the theory of public choice is of great significance to the modernization of governance capacity and governance system in China.

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