Essay代写：Japan's protection policies for infant industries

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Japan's protection policies for infant industries，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论日本幼稚产业的保护政策。幼稚产业一般是指处于发展的初始阶段，但是具有潜在的比较优势，经过一段时间的保护能够成长为带动国民经济发展的新兴产业。日本作为世界工业强国，在发展工业化道路的过程中采用了各种幼稚产业保护政策，使其本国的钢铁、汽车、造船以及电子行业等新兴产业顺利度过了幼稚期，在短时间内赶上了欧美国家的发展水平。日本的幼稚产业保护政策主要表现出在早期保护性关税较高、法律法规完善、企业的支持和加强非关税保护方式。


In 1791, Alexander Hamilton, an American economist and the first Treasury secretary, first proposed the naive industrial protection theory in the report on manufacturing. Friedrich liszt, a 19th century German economist, developed and perfected this theory. In his book "in the national system of political economy", liszt stressed that in a specific stage of economic development, to cultivate developed industries, it is necessary to protect immature industries, and protection of tariffs, domestic competition, science and technology and education are the main ways to protect immature industries and cultivate productivity. Therefore, childish industry generally refers to the emerging industry that is in the initial stage of development, but has potential comparative advantages, and can drive the development of national economy after a period of protection.

As an industrial power in the world, Japan adopted a variety of protection policies for naive industries in the process of developing industrialization, which enabled its domestic emerging industries such as steel, automobile, shipbuilding and electronics industry to successfully pass the naive period and catch up with the development level of European and American countries in a short time.

As one of the important development trends of the automobile industry in the future, new-energy vehicles have been widely concerned by countries all over the world. Among them, Japan, the United States and other developed countries were the first to develop new energy vehicles. Since the 1970s and 1990s, they have repeatedly invested huge sums of money to support the research and development of new energy vehicles. By contrast, China's new energy vehicle industry started late, but the government attaches great importance to it. Under the guidance of continuous policies, China's new energy automobile industry has achieved remarkable results. However, behind the rapid development, China's new energy automobile industry inevitably exists some problems and hidden dangers.

The core technology level of new energy vehicles is still not high. As an emerging industry, technological level must be the biggest reflection of its competitive advantage. In recent years, although China's new energy vehicle technology level has been greatly improved, lithium battery development has been in the international high level, but the core key technology level is still behind the international advanced level.

Excessive reliance on state subsidies is not conducive to the healthy development of enterprises. From 2009 to the end of 2015, the central government allocated 33.435 billion yuan in subsidies for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Although the subsidy mechanism for new energy vehicles has been implemented, at least 390 billion yuan will be needed according to the 20% reduction every two years proposed during the 13th five-year plan period.

Although China has become the world's largest market for new energy vehicles, the total market volume is still relatively limited and sales are extremely fragmented. In 2018, a total of 15 new-energy vehicle enterprises received production qualification, and more than 20 new entrants are waiting in line for qualification approval.

After more than ten years of development, China's new energy automobile industry market has begun to take shape, and corresponding industrial policies need to be adjusted. China has entered the second stage of industrial development, from the initial policy leading stage to the combination of policy and market "quasi-market stage". This transition period is crucial for the entire new energy vehicle industry, so we can learn from Japan's past success. In view of the problems in the development and use of policy tools in China's new energy vehicle industry, this study puts forward the following Suggestions.

Juvenile industry protection needs to adapt to the international market and WTO rules. China may learn from Japan and transfer the market access standards and requirements to associations related to the new energy automobile industry, so as to prevent non-compliant enterprises from entering the market and forming a chaotic situation in the industry development. In addition, governments at all levels should pay more attention to compliance issues when formulating policies, and reasonably invoke the WTO provisions on protection of naive industries enjoyed by developing countries to promote the development of domestic industries.

At present, China's industrial policies for new energy vehicles are mainly focused on the new energy vehicles themselves, and most of the subsidy policies are focused on the purchase link. There is little policy support for technology research and development, such as the infrastructure construction of new energy vehicles and the research and development of key parts and components. Japan's industrial policy on new energy vehicles not only focuses on the automobile itself, but also takes into account related infrastructure and industrialization issues.

The most common drawback of industrial protection policies is that enterprises become overly dependent on the government, leading to low industrial competitiveness and becoming "naive industries that don't grow up". Although China's new energy automobile industry is developing well at present, similar problems have appeared. In response to this problem, in February 2018, four ministries and commissions jointly issued the circular on adjusting and improving the fiscal subsidy policies for the promotion and application of new-energy vehicles. Compared with 2017, subsidies are more detailed and technical standards are higher. In addition, the proper introduction of international competition can also guide infant industries to make progress in technology and management.

The breeding and growth of emerging industries are inseparable from the policy support and guidance of a country or region. With the great support of the state to the new energy automobile industry in the past decade, the industry is transitioning from policy-driven stage to market-driven stage. The policies of this period are particularly critical. When formulating industrial policies, the government should consider how to provide a good competitive environment for enterprises while protecting them, how to avoid excessive reliance on government support, how to break through key technologies and narrow the gap with developed countries. Combined with China's specific national conditions and the new energy automotive industry specific market, gives some Suggestions for industrial policy, including the need to adapt to the international market, to adapt to WTO rules, to improve technical level and international competitiveness, as well as the dynamic protection, create good competition environment, such as domestic aims to solve the present technical level of the industry is still not high, excessive dependence on the national support and other issues.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Assignment代写：The impact of environmental governance on economic development

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The impact of environmental governance on economic development，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了环境治理对经济发展的影响。自工业化时代以来，人们为了谋求社会的发展而对自然资源进行了过度的开发，于是生态系统遭到了极大的破坏，生态问题的逐步累积致使自然灾害发生的频率升高。合理的环境治理措施，可以维护与加强生态系统的自我调节能力，为自然灾害的发生提供缓冲与削弱的空间。治理环境污染，减少自然灾害，其意义不言而喻。自然灾害的发生会带来后果严重的经济损失，降低损失，为经济发展积蓄力量。另一方面，这也节约了提供给受灾地区的救济资金，使其投入到资金需求量大的地方。

The environmental pollution problems faced by China are complex and diverse, and these problems are gradually generated under the constraints of specific historical background and development environment. Serious environmental pollution leads to the annual decline of environmental quality in China, and the gradual break of ecological balance. The destruction of the living environment has brought incalculable loss and impact to our production and life, and it has become the challenge and desire of all mankind to face up to the plight of environmental pollution and take measures to save and improve our environment.

With the deepening of our government's attention to environmental pollution, the increasingly perfect establishment of environmental protection agencies, and the continuous progress of the legal system, China has achieved obvious results in the treatment of environmental pollution. However, water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and solid waste pollution are still serious problems. For example, water pollution in the Yellow River basin, songhua river basin and liaohe river basin is serious, and urban groundwater pollution is worsening. Acid rain south of the Yangtze river, east of the qinghai-tibet plateau and central China, coal-smoke pollution around factories; Soil erosion in northwest China and shanxi; The soil environment in qinghai-tibet and xinjiang has been destroyed, and the degradation of grasslands and forests has led to desertification. And so on. The interweaving and influence of these problems make the scope and extent of the damage to China's ecological environment continue to expand and deepen, so it is particularly urgent and important to speed up the process of controlling environmental pollution.

Limiting pollution of the environment for the development of national economy, reducing its further development of regional industrial transformation and upgrading and the barriers, not only need the government to invest more time and money to implement the measures of environmental protection and policy, improve the quality of economic development, also need our personal and business under the policy of developing ecological friendly society, starting from the strategy of developing green economy, reduce pollution, support the development of new energy economy.

With the rapid development of China's economy, environmental problems and employment problems have become major problems that the government needs to solve. However, the use of social resources to reduce the social harm caused by environmental pollution will not only enable the national economy to develop in a healthy environment, but also increase the number of relevant jobs. First of all, due to people's panic about the health threat caused by environmental pollution, a large number of environmental protection products are produced, which sell well all the way under the great demand of people, forming a global product business chain and creating employment demand for different links of production and sales of products. Secondly, the rapid development of environmental supervision industry has also brought a lot of job opportunities. According to statistics from relevant departments in China, by the end of 2015, there were 14,812 environmental protection institutions nationwide, with 232,000 employees participating in the national environmental protection system. The establishment of these jobs not only directly improves people's awareness of environmental protection, but also shares the social labor pressure and obtains good social benefits.

Since the industrial age, people have carried out excessive exploitation of natural resources in order to seek social development, thus the ecological system on which we live has been greatly damaged, and the gradual accumulation of ecological problems has led to the increase of the frequency of natural disasters. For example, unreasonable water conservancy project construction leads to flood disaster in weihe river basin; Overgrazing and land reclamation have caused dust storms in the northwest and north China. Reasonable environmental management measures can maintain and strengthen the self-regulation capacity of the ecosystem and provide buffer and weakening space for the occurrence of natural disasters. The significance of controlling environmental pollution and reducing natural disasters is self-evident. On the one hand, the occurrence of natural disasters will bring serious economic losses. To reduce losses is to accumulate strength and lay a foundation for China's economic development. On the other hand, it also saves the relief funds provided to the disaster-stricken areas and enables them to be invested in the places with large demand for funds, thus contributing to the further development of China's economy.

A large number of polluting enterprises exist at the low end of the industrial chain of industry and agriculture, with backward production capacity. Moreover, there are many zombie enterprises with poor management, continuous losses and redundant production capacity. In recent years, the Chinese government has stepped up efforts to protect the environment, tightened standards for industrial pollutants, and taken more frequent measures to clean up illegal construction projects. Under such a trend, emissions of polluting enterprises have to plan their structure, optimization technology, talents, information, knowledge elements such as input, reducing resource consumption and damage to the environment, and under the guidance of our country, there are key to selectively supply side structural reforms of the five task, on the supply side to improve product quality, improve production technology. In this way, not only the degree of environmental pollution can be alleviated, but also the adaptability and flexibility of enterprise supply to the change of demand can be increased, and the economic structure of enterprises will continue to develop in the direction of transformation and upgrading, transforming from extensive production mode to intensive production mode. While upgrading production technology and promoting enterprise transformation, enterprises can improve their own product quality and standards, and then improve the level of social consumption, so as to bring demand with supply and achieve the goal of improving the quality and efficiency of economic development.

At present, Chinese people live in a seriously polluted living space. Their need for a better life leads them to increase their demand for green science and technology products, which leads to the development and expansion of the market of these products and directly promotes the increase in the circulation of goods, the increase in business turnover and the increase in product profits. In addition, the reduction of the use of some old energy sources such as coal, such as solar energy, wind energy and other clean energy efficiency, with the policy support of the government, will promote the further development of new energy market, and bring green, healthy and optimistic prospects to China's economic development.

There are numerous examples of our products being rejected by other countries' green trade barriers due to the substandard safety and health index of some exported products. But because of environmental governance and improve the relevant environmental standards and requirements for product quality, will cause our country enterprise health qualified products according to related regulations, and intentional learning developed country mature material management system and supply chain information system, and take the initiative to meet the requirements for some reasonable green trade barriers, increase the economic benefits of China's exports.

Qinhuai river, originating from jurong and lishui erhe in the upper reaches, flows from west to east, with low-lying polder areas on both sides and hilly and mountainous areas behind. The total length is 110 kilometers and the drainage area is 464.82 square kilometers. The main stream of the qinhuai river flows through the city of nanjing, and flows out from the west shuiguan in the south to join the Yangtze river. The qinhuai river is the mother river of nanjing and nurtures the ancient civilization of jinling. In August 1923, yu pingbo and zhu ziqing swam along the qinhuai river, and with the title of "the qinhuai river in the oar sound and lamplit shadow", each made an essay with different styles and different advantages, describing the scenery along the qinhuai river.

With the development of The Times, people gain economic benefits at the cost of destroying the environment. Waste water and pollutants from people's production and living are continuously discharged into the river, causing serious pollution to the environment of the basin. Therefore, it is urgent and important to improve and alleviate the environmental pollution on both sides of qinhuai river while seeking economic development.

It is very important to control the environmental pollution of qinhuai river and protect the water environment.

A good environment can improve the quality of drinking water and improve the living conditions of residents. Because the qinhuai river has a wide drainage area in the whole city, the changes in its water, air and ecological environment will have a positive impact on the improvement of the health and living standards of urban people. As an important source of domestic water for residents, qinhuai river's water pollution control has created conditions for the improvement of water quality in nanjing section of the Yangtze river basin, providing healthy and safe drinking water for residents of nanjing.

Discover its shipping value, improve water conservancy condition. The main channel of qinhuai river has reached the national level 6 channel standard, the water depth of maintenance standard is 1.5 meters, the maintenance guarantee rate is 90%, and it can be used for sub-navigation of 30 tons to 100 tons fleet all year round. According to the statistics of the flow observation point of sancha river, in 1999, 34,500 ships passed through the qinhuai river, 5,816,000 gross tons of which 2.7 million tons were heavy loads.

Improve the appearance of the city, show the world with the excellent water environment, and further promote the development of tourism. Qinhuai river along both sides of the river, has been a bustling business district of residents. During the six dynasties, it became a place where famous families lived in compact communities. After the sui and tang dynasties, gradually decline, but attracted numerous literati to pay homage to this, chant "old wang xietang before yan, flying into ordinary people's homes". The Ming and qing dynasties were the heyday of qinhuai river in ten li. Nanjing's restoration of this scenic area will make the qinhuai river a famous tourist attraction in China again.

The qinhuai river improvement project can directly or indirectly increase the number of jobs in infrastructure construction, such as greening, tourism and business.

To control the water pollution of qinhuai river is an urgent need to improve the living and social production conditions of the people in the basin. The necessity is embodied in the following three aspects: The decline of water quality will lead to the decline of agricultural irrigation quality, affecting the development of agriculture. Pollution will destroy the ecological balance in the qinhuai river basin, and the circulation of water will expand the pollution area, leading to deeper pollution.

At the end of the 20th century, the qinhuai river was seriously polluted. According to the monitoring data of the environmental protection department, the total discharge of sewage from the qinhuai river at that time was about 3.44 million t/a, and the domestic sewage was the main pollution source and the water quality was bad. Faced with the mother river, the local government is determined to comprehensively rectify the environmental quality of qinhuai river basin, improve the ecological environment, and plan the coordinated development of economy, people's livelihood, society and environment in the basin. According to statistics, during the tenth five-year plan period, 125 billion yuan was invested in the qinhuai river regulation project, and another 94 billion yuan was invested from 2006 to 2008. As the government has continued to clean up the qinhuai river for decades, it has done so in a meticulous, wide-ranging, costly and complicated way.

In 2002, under the guidance of building the qinhuai river into a "beautiful, flowing and prosperous river", nanjing municipal government established the qinhuai river environmental comprehensive improvement leading group, formulated comprehensive improvement and rejuvenation targets, and carried out the first phase of the improvement project lasting for four years. After putting forward the construction policy of "paying equal attention to construction and development" in 2005, the second phase of the harnessing project was launched immediately, which kicked off the large-scale harnessing of the qinhuai river.

Through the unremitting efforts of the government and society, the pollution of the river has been effectively controlled.

Today's qinhuai river, water quality gradually improved. According to the national committee monitoring statistics of the huaihe river, compared with eight years ago, qinhuai river basin in 2014 year period Ⅲ class above water ratio increased by 7.9%, and the water quality improved obviously, 2015 qinhuai river water authority quality success rate has reached 646%, increased by 8.9%.

The number of polluting enterprises is decreasing, and the industrial structure has been adjusted. Nanjing has built the qinhuai east high-tech industrial cluster, and built baixia high-tech industrial park, China cloud computing innovation base, qinhuai e-commerce and other industrial parks. By improving the technological level, enterprises not only reduce pollution, but also improve product quality and added value for enterprises.

The living conditions of the residents are improving. Over the past five years, qinhuai district has completed comprehensive renovation of 190 old residential areas, with a floor area of 8.2 million square meters, benefiting about 251,000 residents. A total of 151 secondary water supply facilities for residential buildings have been renovated, urban construction management has been implemented, and urban functions have been improved.

Under the supervision of the relevant departments, the sewage interception, prevention and control and flood control and drainage facilities have been gradually repaired. In qinhuai district, there are 329 illegal constructions within the blue line of the river, covering a total area of nearly 70,000 square meters. Fine and fully covered drainage was carried out for the black and smelly river drainage along the river in the whole region. The historical and cultural features of both sides of qinhuai river have taken on a new look and been fully developed and utilized. In 2016, the qinhuai district received 51 million tourists, with a total revenue of 47.9 billion yuan. Tourist reception accounted for nearly 50% of the city, tourism revenue accounted for a quarter of the city. "Ten li qinhuai river" has realized the clean water, green shore, beautiful scenery, boat access, qinhuai river water tour line has become a golden line.

By changing the mode of economic growth and adjusting the industrial structure, the industry is transformed from extensive to intensive. Further develop green energy, promote circular and sustainable economic development to save resources and protect the environment. Promote the development of the tertiary industry in qinhuai river basin, innovate the service industry, optimize and improve the traditional service industry, and promote the upgrading and transformation of manufacturing industry. Use new and high technology to further develop the core technology of the enterprise, improve the competitiveness.

Since 2000, the governance of the qinhuai river has been uninterrupted, which is a long and continuous project. The control has solved many problems, such as flood control, bank line and dike reconstruction, water diversion project implementation, and improvement of water quality and pollution interception in the river course, obviously improving the water environment quality in the qinhuai river basin, but there are still many problems. For example, compared with the outer qinhuai river, the water quality of the inland river is polluted by tourists for sightseeing, and the water quality is worse. There is still a certain gap between the riverbanks of hanzhong gate and other river sections due to the rigidity of the riverbanks and the ecological river channels. Therefore, the government of nanjing has a long way to go to manage the qinhuai river and needs to have a persistent spirit.

Establish the awareness that environmental protection plays an important role in economic development, and clarify the significance of environmental protection. The government can carry out landscape transformation on the river bank, take qinhuai river as the main axis, transform the wharf around the important scenic spots as the passenger sightseeing wharf, and take the water-friendly space on both sides as the auxiliary axis to construct the ribbon green open space and form the whole qinhuai river sightseeing belt. At the same time, combining the history, culture and landscape resources of both sides of the qinhuai river, recreating small Bridges, running water and prosperous streets, and building plank roads along both sides of the qinhuai river can make citizens feel the water and relive the history of qinhuai river. Residents can change their way of life, use new energy sources and diversify their energy consumption.

For the qinhuai river basin environment that has been preliminarily restored, the government should put energy into maintaining it and make it develop further. Such as the formulation of relevant laws and regulations to protect the project results, strict law enforcement, assume the responsibility of supervision. Regular monitoring of water quantity and quality, strict limits on sewage discharge and the approval and management of water intake permits, and establishment of an assessment mechanism to restrain unqualified polluters.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

英文论文写作技巧分享

对于留学生来说，让他们用英语来写论文，其实是比较为难的，毕竟英语并非大家的母语，所以在写作习惯上会有很大的问题。不过这些问题在大家对英文论文写作熟悉之后，都可以解决。当然，写作的过程中大家还可以适当运用一些写作技巧去提升文章的质量，下面就给大家讲解一下。

一、学会思考和选择

也就是为英文论文定题时思考你的兴趣点，以及你写文章时可能会用到你课堂上的知识点，只有这样，你在论文写作过程中才可能把最深的知识论点呈现给到导师。

二、对资料进行参照对比总结

当大家参考过大量资料或文献以及一些论文议题时，会不自主的进行对比并完成和自己英文论文相通的理论结论，以达到文章独特性的一个点，此时，最需要你的一种能力就是阅读和总结能力了。最终达到发现新鲜点（即做到与众不同），这便是你的独创性。

三、养成修稿好习惯

当上面两个步骤都完成好后，也确认论文框架已经搭好后，就可以采取趁热打铁式开始写作了，把你考虑好的主体先写下来，然后到修改时再来考虑细节方面。动笔时需要注意用词的规范性（多使用专业术语）和艺术性（适当变化用词），修改-修改-再修改，要有不厌其烦的精神，当然也建议你可以在你每天精神最佳的时刻来进行这项工作，并要考虑在逻辑思辨方面，做到论据充分（佐证/反证）、论点有力。

四、养成检查好习惯

因为英国高校对待每一位的学生论文时都是公平的，最后都会上传到系统对论文的抄袭情况做检测，所以你需要在上交英文论文前最好可以做一次检测，然后再请同学提出一些意见如语法、内容等，当然如果有定期和老师meeting的时间最好请老师做一些点评，以保证论文顺利通过。

以上就是关于英文论文的写作技巧，如果大家在写作英文论文的时候可以做到这些，那么通过是肯定没问题的。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：The internationalization of higher education in Russia

本篇paper代写- The internationalization of higher education in Russia讨论了俄罗斯的高等教育国际化。俄罗斯作为世界上拥有强大军事影响力、政治影响力、能源影响力的大国之一，曾经在世界教育领域占据主要地位，苏联解体后俄罗斯遭遇重创，其高等教育在世界的地位与竞争力有所下降。20世纪末21世纪初，为了提高俄罗斯高等教育在国际上的竞争力，俄罗斯政府将高等教育国际化提升到国家战略的高度，先后出台了一系列国际化举措。在这些举措下，俄罗斯高等教育国际化蓬勃发展，国际化进程也渗入高等教育各个方面。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

As one of the great powers with strong military influence, political influence and energy influence in the world, Russia once occupied a major position in the field of world education. After the collapse of the Soviet union, Russia was hit hard, and its higher education status and competitiveness in the world declined. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, in order to improve the international competitiveness of Russian higher education, the Russian government raised the internationalization of higher education to the height of national strategy, and successively introduced a series of international measures. Under these measures, the internationalization of higher education in Russia develops vigorously, and the internationalization process also penetrates into all aspects of higher education. The detailed analysis of the internationalization process of Russian higher education can provide some references for speeding up the internationalization process of Chinese higher education.

In September 2003, minister of education of the Russian federation Alexander filipov signed the bologna declaration in Berlin, making Russia the 40th country to participate in the bologna process. According to the European Union and the international situation, Russia has reformed its higher education degree system, education system and credit transfer system. To join the European integration process, which not only is an opportunity for Russia to strengthen cooperation with Europe, and the internationalization of higher education provides a platform for Russia, the Russian culture education and Russia can enter the European market, able to take advantage of national soft power resources to communicate with European countries, and combining with its characteristics in Russia and countries need to learn from the world trend of the development of higher education reform innovation of higher education in various areas, thus promote presence in the field of higher education in the world.

In 2006, the Russian government began to implement the national education priority plan, which aims to accelerate the modernization of Russian education, ensure the priority development of Russian federation education system and improve the quality of education. The fourth is "building world-class national universities", which provides annual state funding to schools engaged in innovative education and aims to build innovative, world-class universities.

On May 7, 2012, Russian President vladimir putin issued a mission statement with the theme of "increasing state policy support in the field of science and education". Based on this, the ministry of education and science of Russia launched an education plan to help Russia's first-class universities enter the world's top 100 universities, known as the "5-100 plan". In October 2012, the Russian government issued the government decree no. 2006 "implementation plan for improving the international competitiveness of first-class universities in Russia", which was the first policy document issued by the Russian government after it formally put forward the goal of creating world-class universities, and was the core policy of implementing the strategy of building world-class universities. In order to ensure the implementation of the plan, specific goals have been set: to maintain close cooperation with world-class institutions of higher learning, to attract world-class experts and scholars, and to attract overseas students. In addition, the Russian government provides financial support to higher education every year.

In March 2010, the ministry of economic development of Russia drafted the immigration law, easing the policy restrictions on immigration to Russia and attracting high-quality talents to voluntarily immigrate to Russia, so as to provide policy support and pave the way for the introduction of high-level international talents. In 2017, Russia's policies to attract overseas students were further strengthened. In may, the presidium of the strategic development and priority planning committee of the President of the Russian federation approved the special plan for the development of the export potential of education in Russia, which regarded the development of the export potential of education as an important national task.

In order to attract foreign students to study in Russia, the Russian government promised to guarantee 10,000 foreign citizens, especially those from cis countries, the right to study in Russia free of charge every year, set up a scholarship for foreign students, simplify the entry procedures and improve the infrastructure of the country.

In terms of subjects in QS world university rankings in March 2017, 28 universities in Russia and some of their majors occupied 148 places, and 7 majors of Moscow university ranked among the top 50. In the field of scientific research, as of 2016, the number of papers published by top Russian university staff in international level journals was 3.5 times that of 2013. In the field of recruiting and sending overseas students, Russia has become the sixth largest destination country for overseas students in the world by 2015, and the number of overseas Russian students has reached 78,900.

Through the above review of the policies and progress of the internationalization of higher education in Russia, the author summarizes some inspirations on the internationalization of higher education in China:

The legislation of the higher education system in Russia is constantly improved, usually in the form of "outline" and "regulations", which restrict the activities of universities and the government in the form of laws. However, China's higher education policies and regulations are generally expressed in such forms as "notice", "report", "outline", "opinion" and "decision", but do not restrict relevant measures and behaviors, leading to unclear functions and powers of administrative and educational departments at all levels and unclear boundaries. Also without reward and punishment measures, some units adhering to the "do more wrong" principle, will be less to reduce the wrong choice to do or do not do, will send a "notice" "learning minutes" as the completion of the task. Therefore, China can learn from Russia's legislative model in higher education legislation, which not only guarantees the priority of education through the formulation of laws and regulations at a higher level, but also formulates a series of implementation rules and supervision and management methods. Help each unit to clarify their respective scope of authority and task arrangement, according to the local characteristics of local adjustment and planning.

In recent years, Russia has been actively participating in the globalization process and wants to take a place in the global higher education market. From the bologna process to the national priority education plan and the 5-100 plan, it has always taken building world-class universities as its main task. From the formulation of goals, policy support, financial allocation, the introduction of international standards, the introduction of first-class scholars, each process reflects the determination of Russia to build a world-class university.

General secretary xi jinping once proposed that "to build a world-class university in China, it must have Chinese characteristics", and stressed that "to build a university in China" has accelerated the pace of internationalization of China's universities. However, apart from some domestic key universities, many ordinary colleges and universities have not found a way to internationalize, and the implementation of the internationalization process is still stuck in sino-foreign cooperation. Every semester, foreign teachers come for two weeks or a month of foreign language courses, and they can choose to study abroad with excellent results after graduation. However, teachers in colleges and universities and students majoring in non-cooperative running schools have few opportunities for international exchange and study abroad. They can only learn about foreign trends through some foreign literature and foreign scholars in lectures, and most of the knowledge they know is superficial without deep contact and investigation. China can follow the bologna process, and sign agreements with some countries to unify the academic system and credit system, so that the credits of colleges and universities in various countries can be recognized mutually. Teachers and students can choose their favorite schools, majors and teachers according to their own needs, or they can study in one school for a period of time before entering another school for further study. On the one hand, this can strengthen the competitiveness of colleges and universities. In order to attract more teachers and students into our school, colleges and universities will increase investment in running schools and give full play to the characteristics of our school. On the other hand, it can also enhance the mobility of teachers and students, so that they can contact with broader fields, broaden their horizon, and at the same time have a higher and more global perspective on their own research and learning content. Only by seeing more can they know more.

Although Russia has actively participated in the process of internationalization in recent years, it does not mean that it does not pay attention to its own culture and language. The spread of language and culture is conducive to shaping a country's international image and enhancing its influence, which is more a symbol of a country's "soft power". The government of the Russian federation attaches great importance to the maintenance, dissemination and promotion of Russian language and makes every effort to make Russian language a strategic means to guarantee the social solidarity of Russia, the integration of cis countries and Russia's entry into the world's economic, political, cultural and educational space. Through the implementation of the Russian federation protection plan, Russia not only established the dominant position of Russian in its own country, but also tripled the number of Russian learners in the global scope.

How to build a double first-class university with Chinese characteristics is a question that every university thinks about. How to ensure the status of Chinese traditional culture while introducing foreign culture? How to integrate the traditional culture of different regions with local universities? How to spread China's traditional culture to the whole world through cultural exchanges in universities? The fact is that some Chinese people do not have the right screening awareness of the concepts, festivals and cultures introduced from abroad, and blindly pursue them. At the same time, the traditional culture and festivals in China are weakened. What "role" are colleges and universities playing in building national cultural confidence? Say the spread of foreign, this performance is most prominent in the cultural internationalization in our country is the world's "Confucius institutes", but the cultural differences of different countries and national conditions, quantity and quality of teachers, teaching content and teaching methods are we are faced with the problem of colleges and universities can be from the perspective of where and what to promote China's traditional culture, the language spread? The cultivation of Chinese teaching talents, the improvement of Chinese teaching quality under different cultural backgrounds, the establishment of cooperation and exchange platform for Chinese as a foreign language talents, the compilation of Chinese teaching materials, popular science books and cultural periodicals with Chinese characteristics, entertainment games with popular Chinese, public activities and so on are all directions that we can strive for.

Has the policy guidance and supervision, internationalization of education philosophy, plus school has teachers and students with an international vision, is committed to at the same time of study abroad knowledge dissemination in China traditional culture, believe that has the Chinese characteristic of world first-class universities and first-class professional is only a matter of time, our country's higher education also can gain a foothold in the international arena.

要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。

Essay代写：Modern American agricultural management system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Modern American agricultural management system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国现代农业经营体系。美国是世界上最大的农业发达国家，农业人口不足全国人口的2%，但规模化、专业化程度非常高，农产品不仅能满足本国需要，而且大量出口，是世界上第一大农产品出口国。美国农业经营体系现代化程度高，经营主体灵活多样，公共服务体系健全，确保了其在世界农业的领先地位。

The United States is the largest agricultural developed country in the world. Its agricultural population is less than 2% of the national population. However, the United States has a very high degree of scale and specialization. As a big agricultural province, henan province has a prominent problem in the development of modern agriculture. The backward production and operation mode is difficult to adapt to the fierce market competition under the new situation. The quality, efficiency and comprehensive competitiveness of agricultural development need to be improved urgently.

The modern agricultural management system of the United States is composed of two parts. Second, the public service system.

Farms are the most important form of production organization in the American agricultural management system. As of 2016, there were 2.06 million farms in the United States, with an operating area of 368.7 million hm2. In the farm, the family farm is the largest, accounting for up to 99 percent, the output of 89 percent of the total agricultural output of the United States.

The number of farms in the United States peaked in the 1930s at 6.814 million, and then began to decline, falling to 2.06 million in 2016. During this period, the operation scale of the farm began to expand. In 1950, the average farm area was 85.793 hm2, and in 2016, the average farm area increased to 178.871 hm2, more than double that of 1950.

According to the annual income of the farm, family farms in the United States are divided into small, medium and large family farms. Farms earning less than $350,000 a year are small family farms, accounting for as much as 90 percent. Farms earning more than $1 million a year are large family farms, accounting for less than 3%. In terms of agricultural production, the proportion of small family farms is only 24.2%, and the proportion of large family farms is as high as 42.4%, which is increasing. In terms of operating efficiency, in 2015, 16% of small family farms had a profit margin of more than 25%, while 42% of large family farms achieved the same level. The overall profit margin of large family farms was higher.

Land in the United States can be bought and sold freely, but the price is too high for the average farmer to afford. However, the rent of land is relatively low, which only accounts for 10% ~ 20% of the average production cost of 667 m2 each year. As a result, land-renting farms are becoming more and more popular, and the proportion of land leasing reached 39% in 2014. For example, the leasing rate of cotton and soybean is around 50%, while that of rice is as high as 80%.

Agricultural cooperatives play an important role in American agricultural production, providing farmers with production, marketing, warehousing, financing and other services, greatly promoting the development of American agriculture. Agricultural cooperatives process 80 percent of the total agricultural products and export 70 percent of the agricultural products through agricultural cooperatives.

In 2006, the total number of agricultural cooperatives in the United States was 2,675. In 2016, the total number dropped to 1,953, a decrease of 27%. The total turnover of agricultural cooperatives reached us $110.5 billion in 2006 and us $191.1 billion in 2016, an increase of 73 percent.

American agricultural cooperatives can be divided into three types according to their functions: sales type, supply type and service type. Sales cooperatives account for more than 50% of agricultural cooperatives, mainly engaged in the sales of agricultural products, and increase the income of farmers by means of direct supply negotiation with the demander of agricultural products, promoting the export of agricultural products, and deep processing of agricultural products. Supply cooperatives mainly provide farmers with agricultural materials and scientific and technological services, including seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, feed, oil and other agricultural materials, as well as scientific and technological services such as breeding, epidemic prevention and soil testing. Service cooperatives provide specialized services such as transportation, storage, crop drying and artificial insemination.

The us government supports the development of agricultural cooperatives with a series of policies including tax relief, credit preference and skill training, which reduces the financial pressure on agricultural cooperatives, enables them to allocate funds reasonably and improves their operating capacity. Agricultural cooperatives through to internal members and outside investors separately issuing shares to raise funds, members according to the size of its business to purchase a certain quota of common stock, outside investors can buy agricultural cooperatives issued preferred shares, stock dividend is carried out, and the difference between the two lies in the common stock have voting rights in the operation and management of agricultural cooperatives, and preferred stock. The agricultural credit system in the United States is relatively sound, and agricultural cooperatives can use the preferential policies provided by the agricultural credit system to finance and promote their own development.

The public service system of the United States is composed of government agricultural departments, state and county agricultural extension agencies, and state university agricultural colleges. Through the public service system, the agricultural policies of the government and the technical achievements of scientific research institutes can be quickly applied to agricultural production, effectively guaranteeing the development of American agriculture.

The United States has established a perfect land transfer system by promulgating a series of laws such as the "land first purchase right act", "homestead act" and "agricultural land act", guaranteeing the free transfer of land, promoting the concentration of peasant households' land to family farms and developing moderate scale operation. The United States attaches great importance to the protection of the agricultural industry and guarantees agricultural production through policies, credit, agricultural subsidies and other means. The congress revises the farm bill every 5 a's or so to timely adjust the agricultural industry protection policy. The rich agricultural policies of the United States have effectively increased the income of farmers, enhanced the competitiveness of products in the international market, and further consolidated the status of a major agricultural country.

The United States attaches great importance to the research and development, promotion and application of agricultural science and technology. It has a high degree of mechanization and specialization, and leads the world in the technology and information technology. Scientific and technological innovation contributes more than 75% to agricultural yield increase. In recent years, the United States has made great efforts to develop precision agriculture. Supported by information technology, the United States has implemented a set of modern agricultural operation and management systems based on spatial variation, positioning, timing and quantification, which has effectively saved labor force, reduced production costs, improved product quality, protected ecological environment and improved the comprehensive competitiveness of American agriculture.

The American agricultural industry association has a large number and wide coverage, and plays a prominent role in agricultural production. First, actively communicate with relevant government departments, feedback industry information, and effectively influence the formulation of government laws and the introduction of agriculter-related policies; Second, to provide pre-sales and after-sales services for farmers, to solve the practical problems members encounter in daily production and management; Third, coordinate the relations among members, avoid vicious competition and reduce trade friction.

The modern agricultural management system in the United States gives full play to the advantages of family farms, agricultural cooperatives and public service systems, improves the comprehensive competitiveness of the agricultural industry, and ensures that the American agriculture is always in a leading position in the world. At present, henan province is in the key period of implementing agricultural supply-side structural reform and rural revitalization strategy. How to construct modern agricultural management system is an important link in the development of modern agriculture. Drawing lessons from the advanced experience of the United States and combining with the reality of henan province, the following inspirations are obtained.

Compared with the United States, the construction of land transfer system and supporting policies in henan province lags behind, seriously affecting the development of modern agriculture. Next, henan province should speed up the construction of land transfer system, improve laws and regulations, clarify working procedures, protect the rights and interests of all parties, promote land transfer, and actively develop moderate scale operation. At the same time, we should improve agricultural support policies, increase agricultural subsidies, stimulate the enthusiasm of agricultural operators, and promote the development of modern agriculture.

The new agricultural main body is the core of the construction of the modern agricultural management system. Compared with the United States, the natural conditions and agricultural development levels in different regions of henan province are uneven. It is necessary to base itself on reality and adjust measures to local conditions, not only highlight the pattern of diversification, but also focus on cultivating new agricultural management subjects suitable for regional agricultural development. We will explore ways to develop new types of business entities, and work hard to cultivate a number of demonstration family farms, demonstration cooperatives, and key leading enterprises, and support them in playing a leading role in the development of modern agriculture.

Compared with the United States, the construction of public service system in henan province lags behind and the service level is low, which requires henan province to accelerate the construction of modern agricultural service system. To improve the system construction, promote the free transfer of land, encourage the development of large-scale agriculture, increase agricultural support, stimulate the vitality of agriculture; We will strengthen extension services for agricultural science and technology, raise the level of agricultural science and technology services in an all-round way, give full play to the main role of agricultural research institutes, and combine teaching, scientific research and extension to ensure that agricultural technology and research achievements are applied to agricultural production in a timely manner. We will focus on cultivating agricultural associations, encourage and guide social forces to participate in agricultural services, and provide policy support.

In order to build a modern agricultural management system, talents are the key. We should vigorously develop vocational education in agriculture, with the government leading the way, establish a sound system for cultivating new types of professional farmers, strengthen training for agricultural practitioners, and improve their technical ability and management level. We need to effectively change the shortcomings of community-level policies, platforms and environments for attracting talents, and encourage and guide college graduates and professional and technical personnel to work at community-level or start their own businesses, so as to attract and retain talents.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。