Toxic waste problem discussion

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文-Toxic waste problem discussion。本文讲述随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的资源被消耗掉，造成了无数的浪费。根据《中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设公告》，全国共有849个废物处理设施，其中676个卫生垃圾填埋场处理了约1.029亿吨，在660个建制城市中处理了1.589亿吨。 2010年9月下旬（中国建设银行函[2010] 158号）。从以上统计数据可以看出，垃圾填埋仍是目前中国垃圾的基本处理方法。

With the development of living standard, more resources have been taken for consumption and caused countless waste. On the basis of the announcement of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, there were 849 waste disposal facilities, which had 676 sanitary landfill sites processing about 102.9 million tons, processing over 145.89 million tons in 660 formed city by the end of September 2010 (City Construction Office Letter of China, [2010] No.158,). As we can see from the statistics above, landfilling is still the basic treatment of waste at present in China.
Therefore, more and more experts consider that toxic waste landfill can be one of the most terrible pollution in China. In the first place, they believe that burying waste underground without classifying pollute land resources. In their opinions, some developing countries, including China, may take large amounts of waste from western nations and break them down or dispose of them, often with little regard for safety or pollution, and there are certain kinds of toxic waste, such as polyurethane and polyisoprene, can never be decomposed by nature. The electronic trash is also one of toxic waste with harmful chemical. From statistic provided by Greenpeace institute, toxic chemical emission without sorting create chemical dust and pollute not only shallow soil but also submerged soil resources. It is an irreversible pollution to nature, and for the sake of younger generations’ safety and health, people cannot rebuild buildings or facilities on those landfill area any more. What is more, with the improvement of living standards, there is fewer and fewer land resources left for living. As a result, landfill facilities occupied large percentage of land resources can be a great obstruction to social development.
In the second place, experts insist when garbage has to bury to the ground, percolate must be taken into great consideration in every procedure. Otherwise, toxic landfills can pollute underground water resources. Landfill leachate means the sewage filtered out from the garbage during its stacking and landfill through fermentation, the washing of rainwater or the soaking of surface water and groundwater. In other words, landfill leachate is the source of pollution in waste buries process. Since landfills are most often located in and around cities, the compounds submerge to the ground as well as underground water, and let the pollution can go undetected. Furthermore, it is almost impossible to measure how much sewage and industrial waste end up in our oceans.
In the third place, some experts argue that landfilling can also create air pollution. They point out that some local waste treatment facilities spray heavy pesticides and even accelerate speed of using it so as to eliminate stench without considering consequences. In addition, an outdoor landfill area effect environment with stinks and flies. Poor air quality surrounding people will persecutes and lower the quality of life living around. On the other hand, the interior facilities produce marsh gas easily. Those experts insist that methane gas, which is naturally produced during the process of decay of organic matter, can be the biggest pollution of landfill, and cause not only air pollution but also tremendous harm to human body. From my Junior chemical lessons we have learned that burying quantity of rubbishes can produce methane gas, which is harmful to people’s health in some degree and can contribute more greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide as well. It is a common acknowledge around many developed cities that landfill areas are certain facilities to create plenty of methane gas. Besides, marsh gases are inflammable gases and can cause conflagration by accident. In conclusion, from experts’ point of view that solid waste landfill is not the best way to deal with countless municipal waste, because it occupied lots of precious resources and pollute environment disposable.
However, in my opinion, landfilling can create less pollution as long as all the processes are under control. First of all, Chinese government has already set up restrictive policy to manage and control toxic waste by establishing fundamental system of classifying waste. For example, the management of waste classification and standards of specification of landfill site facilities are establishing in 2008 (“Standard for pollution control on landfill”, for Hazardous Wastes, 2001-12-28 GB 18598--2001, & for Municipal Solid Waste, 2008-04-02 No.5). It means that we can fix and control such environmental problem by normalized process and political power. Additionally, Chinese government set up 10 cities as pilot cities with efficient as well as fundamental waste classification system. It can be an effective method to decrease land pollution with less toxic waste bury into ground. What is more, the Chinese government can draw on the experience of South Korea. They have built up a good method to control landfill area and focus on the sustained development with the green ecological idea. It is an useful approach to reduce pollution of land resources and shallow water resources.
Hereby, I am going to introduce the model of South Korean landfill governance. The Seoul city landfill is not a world-class size landfill area. However, the newest technique and concept makes it a successful world model of landfill. The key point in Seoul city landfill is the elaborate system and environmental facilities. Its experience shows that the most important thing is to segregate collection. Once the government encourage citizens to separate garbage, the new polices are announced and strict legislation are passed to ensure the system for sorting waste. Those non-biodegradable litters can be separate and process in result. The second step is to establish a meticulous and scientific transportation management system, because one weak link in the chain can negate many of the advantages that innovation offers. The transportation should be carefully selected in order to reduce pollution in transit. The third step is to disinfect rubbish and every transport in fine details. Destroying odor, removing humidity and sterilizing can be very useful to prevent leakage of pollution in the process. Last but not the least, when garbage has to bury to the ground, percolate must be taken into great consideration in every procedure during landfill process. In order to better address and improve these problems, the Seoul city landfill area lays 0.75meters thick layer to prevent secondary pollution effectively. By these processes, a scientific and practical method is established for any landfill project.
Continuing to discuss the importance of different approach on managing municipal landfill. The most importantly, an indoor landfill facility can not only offer marsh gases as renewable sources of energy, but also provide reused land resources as sustainable scientific projects. If we can manage to reduce the harm of toxic landfill, then we can save more land resources for our next generation. By scientific management, we can rent out those safe, old and disused landfills for scientific research or personal use. This scheme can be launched by government and set the rent price as low as possible. Maybe it could not be a profitable business because of the bad condition around the landfill. But it could provide another way to reuse land resources and, at least, those disused landfills are not left unused. On the other hand, a waste treatment facility with perfect sewage disposal and blow down recycling can also be rebuilt as a sustainable energy production plant, which has not air pollution to environment.
Of course, it may still sounds like an ideal plan and it could be hard to put into use. Although the execution will be affected by different national conditions, for instance, social environment, nation’s economic budget and domestic culture, landfill still can be a useful way to reduce waste in cities in China. The more we learn from advanced experience, the more we can get in waste disposal process. By rising the level of waste disposal technology and facilities can easily identify those toxic waste and insulate them from the beginning of process, which is an effective way to reduce toxic materials go in landfill. Moreover, land resources using for landfill can be reused with less toxic waste and it is helpful to control city’s land. Last but not the least, once the fundamental system and law of waste classification is established, people would do everything by rules. If someone tries to disobey the rules, he or she will be punished by law and moral criticism. I wish it won’t happen and I trust so. After all, I also believed that no one is willing to see or can bear with any hazardous waste show up in the front of their home and pollute their surroundings. And no one would want their children to grow up in a toxic environment. From this perspective, landfill could be not a significant problem of environmental pollution in China because we have found a way to fix it. The rest is to make it happen.
That is my opinion for toxic waste disposal in China by finding current research status, existing problems and absorbing the advanced foreign experience in this field.









Works Cited
Beijing Municipal Commission of City Administration and Environment, The enlightenment and thinking about waste disposal in Seoul City, City management and technology 2009 No.3;
Daniel Rosenberg, Some Things Never Change: The Chemical Industry Still Opposes Real Safe Chemicals Legislation, Curbing Pollution, Environmental Justice, Health and the Environment, The Media and the Environment, U.S. Law and Policy, April 26,2013;
http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/drosenberg/some_things_never_change_the_c.html
Landfill Problem, WE GREEN-USA one footprint at a time, http://www.wegreen-usa.org/landfill-problems.html
Toxic Tech——Chemicals in Electronics, Greenpeace East Asian, 2005-05-23 http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/publications/reports/toxics/2005/toxic-tech-chemicals-in-elec/
Standard for pollution control on the security landfill site for hazardous wastes, published by general Administration of Quality Super-vision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China(AQSIQ) and China Association of Environmental Protection Industry9CAEPI), 2001-12-28 GB 18598--2001;
Standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste, published by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China(AQSIQ) and China Association of Environmental Protection Industry(CAEPI), 2008-04-02 No.5;
关于2010年9月全国城镇生活垃圾处理设施在建项目进展情况的通报，中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部城市建设司，City Construction Office Letter of China，[2010] No.158，000013338，200-00449;
http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/zcfg/jsbwj_0/jsbwjcsjs/201101/t20110106_201873.html
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The new science of 17th century heliocentricity

本文旨在通过对17世纪日心理论和科学家的回顾，对17世纪日心新科学进行考察。为进一步研究十七世纪日心性，应提供历史背景以奠定基础。通过这两部分，我们可以对新科学有一个全面的认识。

1.Introduction
This paper aims to examine the new science of 17th century heliocentricity by analyzing the review of the theories and scientists. To further study the heliocentricity in 17th century, the historical background should be provided to lay the foundation. Through the two parts, we can have a comprehensive understandings about the new science.

As is known to all, the religious culture and geocentric theory are still the dominant values in in early 17th century. As a consequence, it will be a hard and steep way to publicize the heliocentricity at that time. However, just like other new born things, the new theory heliocentricity was stinging attacked by religion and the pope. However, the heliocentricity was accepted by the public since it follows the trend of the big era (Snow, 1962).

2.The scientists and theory of heliocentricity
Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes. The scientific revolution and the generalization of heliocentricity is behind the great efforts and sacrifices of many heroes: the scientists (Lockwood, 1980). The concept of “Earth circles the Sun” was raised and publicized by the scientists like Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and Halley. This is the "heliocentric theory." To understand the new science at that time, the experience and the theories of these heroes must be learned.

The “geocentric theory”, the opposite ideas of heliocentric theory, was firstly taught to the public by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He taught that Earth was the center of the whole universe. Naturally, his theory and ideas was supported by the local religion and pope and he published a book named “On the Heavens” to set forth the geocentric theory. Although there was another astronomer named Aristarchus wants to explain the truth, the public directly rejected his ideas and firmly believe the geocentric theory.

Nicholas Copernicus (1473 - 1543) explained the motion of planet based on the theory of Claudius Ptolemy and previous scientists (Gingerich, 1973). He spent many nights observing and doing research to find that the sun is in the center of the planet’s orbit. The idea that “the universe is sun-centered” raised by Copernicus was well-known as the “heliocentric theory” in later ages. It is an irrefutable fact that the ideas of Copernicus has revolutionized the cosmology of that time although his theory is not completely correct and scientific (Tessicini, D., 2013). As the theory is contradictory with the modern mainstream culture publicized by religion power.

After the death of Nicholas Copernicus, his ideas has caused an enormous controversy at that time. Giordano Bruno, an Italian philosopher, was deeply influenced by the heliocentric theory and was further improved the theory. Bruno come up with the “Dell infinito Universo e Mondi” and considered sun is only one of fixed stars while earth is just one of planets in the universe (Ruffin, 1997). His advanced theory was an extreme contradictory to the religion’s interpretation to Bible, which infuriated the pope. Tragically, the hero of heliocentricity, was burned to death publicly in Rome.

Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642), an Italian astronomer, physicist and philosopher, is one of the important figures in scientific revolution (Remmert, 2003). With the help of new invention: the telescope, Galileo managed to make clear observation and further proved the heliocentric theory of Copernicus. Galileo wrote what he has observed and published a book, which also angered the Rome Catholic Church and was placed under house arrest.

Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630), a German astronomer, inherited a wealth of astronomical data from Tycho Brahe and concluded three laws about the planet and orbits Galileo (Galilei, 1974):
1.The orbits of planet that circles the sun are oval.
2.Regardless the place in the orbit, the planets move between the sun and the planets sweep out in the consistency of area and time.
3.The square of the area of the orbit of a planet is in proportion to the average distance from the sun cubed.

3.Different Attitudes towards heliocentricity
Generally speaking, the attitudes towards the heliocentricity can be concluded into three parts: acceptance, rejection and indifference. It would be very interesting if we use Diffusion of Innovations in communication discipline to explain this historical topic.

As mentioned above, the scientists with advanced thoughts would be easier to accept the “disparate theory” (Dobrzycki, 1972). They are on the tip of the time wave and are the contributor to the new science. In addition, some of them even sacrificed a lot for the progress of scientific revolution. They are actually the early adopters for the spread of heliocentricity.

Naturally, the religious power and pope are laggards who would always reject the heliocentricity which affects their interests. They are the stumbling blocks which slow down the progress of generalizing heliocentric theory.

The public can be regarded as the early and late majority of the new science. Among them, there are some people who are willing to accept the theory. Actually, they are should be targeted for the popularization of heliocentricity as the ultimate goal of the scientific revolution is to publicize the theory among the majority people.

4.Conclusion
In conclusion, we can find that the path for generalizing heliocentricity is not easy as it is a new science which is an extreme contradictory to the mainstream values in 17th century (Sherwood, 2011).

Similar to many new things, the new science is born with controversy and query. As a consequence, the public would not accept the “Theory of heterogeneous” at first beginning. Nevertheless, with the effort and sacrifices of many scientists, the dominant position of geocentric universe has been waved and finally replaced with the scientific model. This is because what panders to science will always stand on the tide of time.

The abolition of death penalty should be seriously considered

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文-The abolition of death penalty should be seriously considered。本文讲述对于那些犯有严重罪行，特别是杀死无辜者的人，死刑是一种极其严厉的惩罚。死刑的最初目标是威慑罪犯并为社会正义服务。毕竟，一方面，正如我们所知，在大多数情况下，如果对我们的行为有影响，那么在采取任何行动之前，我们三思而后行的可能性更大。即使我们打算发泄对他人的愤怒和仇恨并伤害他人，鉴于不可避免的惩罚，我们也可能不会付诸实践。结果，从理论上讲，犯罪率可以降低。另一方面，正如圣经中的谚语所说，你要为生命付出生命，以眼还眼，以牙还牙，以手为手，以脚为脚，以烧为伤，以伤取伤，以条纹取条纹。由于人们普遍意识到人们应对自己的行为负责，特别是当涉及他人伤害或社会受到威胁时，杀害他人或犯下其他重罪似乎可以使正义得到满足。也就是说，这些人应该补偿自己的行为。由于上述原因，许多美国公民赞成死刑[5]。然而，事实并非完全如此。如果我们从另一个角度看待这个问题，我们将看到死刑的不利影响。

Introduction:
Death penalty is an extremely severe punishment for those who commit a serious crime, especially killing innocent people. The original goal of death penalty is to deter the criminals as well as serve social justice. After all, on the one hand, as known to us, under most of circumstances, if there is consequence for our behaviors, it is more likely that we think twice before taking any action. Even when we intend to vent our anger and hatred toward others and to hurt others, we might not put it into practice given the inevitable punishment following. As a result, theoretically, crime rate could be reduced. On the other hand, as the saying in Bible goes, you shall give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. It seems that killing others or committing other felony could satisfy justice due to the widespread awareness that people should take responsibility for what they do, especially when it involves other people hurt or the society threatened. That is, these people are supposed to compensate for their behaviors. For the reasons above, many U.S. citizens are in favor of the death penalty [5]. Nevertheless, this is not the case entirely. If we see this issue from a different perspective, we could see the adverse effects of death penalty.

Argument:
According to the article Why the Church Speaks a Countercultural Message [5], there are several consequences of the death penalty which must be taken into account when it comes to the decision whether to abolish death penalty or not.
First of all, the claim that the death penalty could deter criminals lacks theoretical or statistical basis. Those people who are opposed to the death penalty point out that some nations have had reduced rates of violent crime while some death-penalty states have had increasing rates of murder [5]. Although the credibility and accuracy of the statement of the opponents of death penalty remains unclear, we cannot rule out the possibility that they are right about the role of death penalty. In fact, I think it is a warning bell for us that it is possible that our attitude towards the benefits of death penalty could be relied on our common sense instead of scientific conclusion.
Second, even though a great many people argue that it is quite reasonable to ask the criminals to pay the price for what they have done, we have no choice but to admit that even death penalty could not make up for the loss under many conditions. Even after the criminals are executed, does it mean that the families of the victims feel much better? Do they feel that the death of criminals could heal their pain of loss? For example, in the film Dead Man Walking, even though the killer is sentenced to death, there is no remedy for the victims and the families of the victims [2].
Third, there is a chance that innocent people could be sentenced to death. As known to us, truth is subtle and it is not easy to see it entirely. Judicial system has its flaws, and there is no way that every case could be dealt equitably and fairly [3]. In such cases, the death penalty could put innocent people into death as well. Since such possibility could not be ruled out, should not we think it twice before firmly advocating death penalty and its benefits?
Last but not least, as far as I am concerned, the death penalty cannot provide a solution to the problems of violent crimes fundamentally. Let us take a look at the origin of violent crimes. What do those people commit crime even when they are aware of the penalty following? Why would they want to hurt others? The society is not even and equal at all. Famine, poverty, and war and so on keep threatening to a lot of people. Some people are born with disability, physically or mentally. Some people are raised in single-parent family. Some people might suffer from abuse when they are young. Due to some disability, trauma from childhood or troubled by living situation, it is evitable that many people become mentally disordered and hence do something terrible or even horrible. Is it their fault? I am not sure about the answer exactly. However, rather than severely blame and punish these people for what they have done, isn’t it necessary to try to cope with the fundamental problems of our society in terms of partiality, prejudice, and education, and so on?

Conclusion:
The abolition of death penalty should be seriously considered.



References:
[1] Capital Punishment (Chapter 8:199-200)
[2] Dead Man Walking (Chapter 8:196)
[3] Sister Helen Prejean (Chapter 8:202)
[4] Catholic Church’s Anti-Death Penalty Position on
http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/death-penaltycapital-punishment/catholic-campaign-to-end-the-use-of-the-death-penalty.cfm
[5] The Death Penalty: Why the Church Speaks a Countercultural Message on http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac0195.asp


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Regulation on Net-addiction Problem

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文-Regulation on Net-addiction Problem。本文讲述在再次审查研究报告的要求之后，我意识到我对该要求的误解。这项作业的目的是培养完成研究和说服受众的能力。但是，我以前的报告仅讨论了我们日常生活中的一些难题，而没有进行研究。这些示例可作为道德标准的证明，而无需进行任何针对真实世界主题的研究。结果，分配的主题丢失了。在误解之后，我开始更加仔细地阅读研究要求。重要的是要了解分配的深层建议以及要求的字面含义。
基于我的新理解，我从头开始重写论文。根据要求，我挑选了一个与故事Puppy有关的社会问题。引言列出了此问题的背景和详细信息。然后，学者们进行了一些研究，以此来证明一项引起人们第一眼反对的法规是合理的。该报告的参考文献位于本文的结尾，我对带注释的参考书目使用了某种文档格式（APA第6版）。整个报告证明了我撰写研究报告的能力。

The changes I made and what I have learned
After reviewing the requirement of research report again, I realize my misunderstanding of the requirement. The purpose of this assignment is to cultivate the ability to finish research and persuading audiences by reasons. However, my former report only discusses some dilemmas of our daily life instead of making a research. The examples function as a demonstration of an ethic criteria without any research focusing on a real world topic. As a result, the subject of the assignment is lost. I begin to read the research requirement more carefully after my misunderstanding of it. It is important to know the deep proposal of an assignment as well as literal meanings of the requirement.
Based on my new understanding, I rewrite the paper from scratch. According to the requirement, I pick up a social issue related to the story, Puppy. The background and details of this issue have been listed by an introduction. Then a few researches from scholars follow it to justify a regulation which caused people’s objection at the first glace. The reference of this report is placed in the end of the essay and I use a certain documentation format (APA 6th edition) for my annotated bibliography. The whole report demonstrates my ability to write a research report.

Regulation on Net-addiction Problem

Abstract:
This report focuses on addicting problems caused by the internet. Despite accusing parents of rude regulation to their children, people should be aware of what they have lost in the tide of information technology. Youths including students in schools are the first to be affected for their weak self-control ability. Their safety, psychosocial heath and addiction problems attract the most attention. In addition, business efficiency is also impacted because of employees’ wandering on the internet, which should be concerned by managers. In this circumstance, a superficial blame can lead to the tragedy of families and the decline of companies. Viewing a complex attitude of the society towards the net-addiction problem, scholars make addicting people alert in a more deeply way and only a research judges actions of parents and managers.
Introduction
The opening of A Tale of two Cities by Dickens: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”, matches this modern world conquered by information technology perfectly. It is the most difficult issue for parents to deal with children’s indulgence of the internet as well as managers to control employees during working time. Some even apply radical methods intending to solve it, such as the limit of children’s outgoing, and lock them in the house. These phenomena remind the readers of Callie and her son in the story, Puppy. From a viewpoint of modern medicine, a net-addiction is also an illness similar with some mental problems. All parents incline to protect their children, including Callie. It is easy for us to judge them relying on so-called universal values and American doctrines, but people loss an opportunity to know more about the world of the net-addicting and the reasonability of the limitation. A tragedy happened in Puppy because of Marie’s rash decision might follow the hasty judgment. In this circumstance, an analysis is necessary.
Definition and a basic problem
What is information technology? It means the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data (Daintith, John, 2009). Nowadays internet plays the most important role in it and the subject of this essay focuses on its negative effect. The social network site, costing most of the children’s time among all internet inventions, became a research object of June Ahn.
Ahn published an article online to discuss this problem and described the action about how children participate in a social network site, Facebook. She cast her concern on the relationship between social network sites and social capital, privacy issues, youth safety and many controversial problems in society and then clarified the problem in the article: “the apprehensions of parents and educators about SNS are also comparable to past questions about how youth spend their time. SNS represent a new environment through which to examine adolescent development and learning (Ahn, J, 2011).” Being aware of net-addiction problem, she explored the effect of youths’ psychological health, getting a negative feedback. A research cited by Ahn claimed that longer use of the Internet was related to increased depression, loneliness, and smaller social circles (1998). Its results suggest that the use of the Internet isolates individuals from their friends and family, and have a negative impact on one's psychological well-being.
Negative impact in daily life and business
When it comes to the internet, the addiction problem will appear in people’s mind spontaneously, which confirms its severity. It not only impresses us with the problem of spending too much time on the internet, but also appears in other dimensions such as social comfort, loneliness/depression, diminished impulse control and distraction (Ceyhan, 2008). Caplan published an article (2005) considering the problem of using internet as a “multidimensional syndrome consisting of cognitive and behavioral symptoms that result in negative social, academic, or professional consequences”. At the same time, another scholar (Ceyhan) discussed this problem, whose research targets are undergraduate students in Turkey. He reported his paper, presenting a research which examined the connections between Internet users, addiction problems, and level of psychological problems regarding Internet use of Turkish University students. According to the result, the author also predicted significantly that the seriousness of the problem and the trend of excessive Internet use among students’ group might increase in future (Ceyhan, 2008).
With scholars’ concentration on universities and students, it is no surprise that adults also indulge in the internet and business is involved in. Mike Foster (2001) warned managers and employers to pay attention to premonition and symptom of their employees: “It’s called Internet addiction, and it’s taking its toll in companies across the country”. Cited by Mike Foster in his article, the main reason is that the internet addiction—using the Internet at work for non-work related activities—costs companies 1 billion dollars in lost productivity in 2001; additionally, mistakes like employees’ sending questionable emails and downloading copyrighted materials might cause serious problems (Mike Foster, 2001). It happens in the daily life of us more or less and internet effects, especially the negative ones, have infiltrated in each aspect of our society.
Conclusion and deep thoughts
The negative impact of the internet and its addiction problem cannot justify some extreme actions of parents and managers, but it helps us know more details about the whole story. When applying a replace thinking, people will show sympathy for the unfortunate people who are involved in these problems, not only a mental problem, but also a net-addiction problem. It is so self-conceit that some judge others from an admiring viewpoint of morality. In order to achieve a win-win situation and realize the ultimate goodness, people should calm down and discuss instead of beginning with a criticism. In some ways, a limitation of the net-addicting offers more benefits by the love and responsibility and it deserves respect rather than misunderstanding and despising.
References
Daintith, John, ed. (2009), "IT", A Dictionary of Physics, Oxford University Press, retrieved 1 August 2012
Ahn, J. (2011). The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic development: Current theories and controversies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 62(8), 1435-1445.
Caplan S. E. (2005) a social skill account of problematic Internet use. Journal of Communication, 55, 721-36.
Ceyhan, A. A. (2008). Predictors of problematic Internet use on Turkish university students. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(3), 363-366.
Foster, Mike. "Be alert to the signs of employee Internet addiction." National Public Accountant 46.9 (2001).


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Prompt for Enterprising Nonprofits

西方经济学的创始人亚当·斯密认为，人的动机是根植于经济动机之上的，人们应该为获得最佳的经济利益而努力。这是众所周知的经济人在国家财富中成长的假设。这样，人们就最大化了自己的私利，从而最大化了整个社会的利益。正如在《人民、偏好和社会》一书中所说的那样：经济学不是关于特定的个人做什么，而是经济学家需要知道个人的行为，以便解释总数、平均值和关系。从那时起，主流的经济理论建立在经济人假设的基础上经常把货币利己主义看作是对人性的描述，或者是在竞争激烈的市场中生存的必要条件。
Adam Smith, Originator of Western economics believed that human motivation is rooted in economic incentives, people should strive for the best economic interests.(Adam Smith, 1776) This is the well-known Hypothesis of Economic Man raised in The Wealth of Nations. In this way, people maximize his own self-interest, thus maximizing the whole society’s interest. Just like it was said in the People, Preferences, and Society: Economics is not about what particular individuals do, but economists need to know how individuals behave in order to explain totals, averages, and relationships.( Bowles, Edwards, and Roosevelt, 2005) Since then, Mainstream economic theories are built on the assumption of Economic Man and frequently think of monetary self-interest as either a description of human nature, or as a necessity for survival in a competitive market place.

With the development of social economic and the increase of accessibility of all kinds of resources, more and more individuals choose to start a business or other organization to make profit to attain financial independence. But entrepreneurship consists of different types of entrepreneurships which have different investment source and goals: Conventional entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs. traditional entrepreneurship generally reviews their performance by calculating profit and annual return, but social entrepreneurship also take a positive effect on the society well-being into consideration. Social entrepreneurship generally makes an attempt to further accomplish social, environmental, or cultural goals and is often associated with the voluntary sector. (Thompson, J.L, 2002) What is social entrepreneurship? How about a group of people are they? To some extent, we can simply put social entrepreneurship into none-profit organization. David Bernstein, author of How to Change the World, give definition of social entrepreneurship: " to explore new opportunities, refused to give up, to build an ideal world." Social entrepreneurship is to use commercial view or methods to solve social problems, to use business rules to solve the problems can’t solved by the society itself. it is not only for the purpose of profit but a social non-profit organization of enthusiast, such as Joel relief hotline created fir India street children; 24 hours care network for South Africa's AIDS people, solar power system for Brazil's poor nomads Rosa.

The development of non-profit organizations is the inevitable trend of modern social development. The main reason for the rise of non-profit organization lie in the first and second department functions and their lack of energy in volunteer sector. In the wake of the development of market economy, market mechanism has been linked to every corner of social life, but the social problem is beyond the multiplicity and complexity of the market mechanism. It is a difficult problem for market mechanism to solve. At the same time, the market mechanism itself aroused the extreme disparity between the rich and the poor, leading to the new social problems, such as social instability. For urban and rural poverty relief, caring people with disabilities and the elderly in the community, etc., the pure market mechanism is also powerless. Moreover, the government can’t do everything with limited resources. counting alone on government function will not solve the social problems. Therefore, the emergence of non-profit organizations, are happen to make up for the first and second sector on solving some important and influential social problems, which are of vital importance for people.

There are two things to make social entrepreneurs to respect: first is the emphasis on the ideal reality: when Mr. Yens rebelled against the traditional theory of Banks, to promote small loans to poor people, he did not just support to help the poor themselves, but made a practical exploration for a better society; the second is the emphasis on nonprofit. Social enterprises are not the same as traditional commercial enterprises, but also different from NPO (non - profit organization), it emphasizes on achieving broader social value. And I think these two things are also the main driving forces for non-profit enterprises.
To review the development process of ENRON, is an old saying "the higher you climb, the harder you may fall". ENRON was founded in 1985, a gas company in Houston, Intel, the product of the merger between companies. In the 1990 s, ENRON seized the chance that US government opened energy market, regulating the chance of lifting, it was time to first launch energy commodities and trading service, make the energy industry to electric power, oil, natural gas and other energy products and derivative products for a variety of spot and futures trading. Under the impetus of the ENRON corporation, a complex as securities trading market of huge energy trading market gradually formed, the ENRON corporation plays an important role in this market. In 2000, ENRON corporation accounted for about a quarter of the trading amount of the total national energy.

Unfortunately, in the rapid expansion of business and a large number of investment has brought increased debt, ENRON did not set out to adjust the expansion plans and digest the debt, only to choose a seemingly clever shortcut: USES a "cover up" to reflect on their balance sheet debt in less than real. In other words, ENRON doesn't try to reduce debt, part of the debt burden, but is less debt. At the same time, ENRON was for those with limited partnership between trading limited partnership or will bring profits, all count. In order to maintain its growth story, ENRON walk more far, until the ally McNeal. , according to a report to the CSRC.
A social enterprise is an organization which uses commercial strategies to make great improvements in human benefits and environmental well-being, rather than making profits for investors. Many commercial enterprises would think that they also have social aims, but driving force behind these objectives is motivated by the awareness that such social aims will ultimately make their business more financially valuable. While social enterprises are different in this aspect, on the contrary, they do not aim to make any benefit for their external stakeholders, except that they believe that doing so will in return further their ability to accomplish their social and environmental goals, which means, the ultimate goal is different , and the way they experienced is different.