nBright = 255 - parseInt(Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)*20) & 0xff;
に変更してみてください。
for( y = 0; y < VIEW_HEIGHT; y++){
for( x = 0; x < VIEW_WIDTH; x++){
dx = x - VIEW_WIDTH / 2.0;
dy = y - VIEW_HEIGHT / 2.0;
nBright = parseInt(Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)) & 0xff;
colb = 255;
wkcolor = "rgb(" + nBright + "," + nBright + "," + colb + ")";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.moveTo(x,y);
ctx.lineTo(x+1,y+1);
//全て座標を指定(ドット)
ctx.strokeStyle = wkcolor;
ctx.stroke();
}
}