Why don't we have a vaccine to prevent AIDS?

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Why don't we have a vaccine to prevent AIDS?，文章讲述获得性免疫缺陷综合症或通常简称为AIDS，是当今人类面临的对我们健康的最大威胁之一。它是由人类免疫缺陷病毒或HIV引起的。换句话说，艾滋病是艾滋病病毒感染的晚期。自1982年春季在美国报道第一例艾滋病以来，已有3500万人感染了艾滋病毒，约有2500万人由于艾滋病并发症而丧生。

Why don't we have a vaccine to prevent AIDS?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or commonly abbreviated as AIDS, is one of the biggest threats to our health that we human beings are facing nowadays. It is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV. In another word, AIDS is the late stage of HIV disease. Since the first AIDS was reported in the United States in the spring of 1982, more than 35 million people have contracted the HIV, and about 25 million people lost their life because of the complications caused by AIDS. HIV is fatal in that it attacks out bodies’ immune systems, which produce white blood cells and antibodies responsible for attacking viruses and bacteria. It is as if that the HIVs are spies that ambushed in the barracks of the forts and disable all the soldiers. Without soldiers (immune system), the forts (out bodies) are much easier to be conquered by other ailments, like flues.

Some people may ask that since we have already defeated those seemingly invincible diseases such as measles, smallpox and mumps by using vaccine, is there a vaccine for HIV? Although scientists have been struggling for years trying to create vaccines for the AIDS, unfortunately, completely competent vaccine has not been invented yet. That is because HIV is a very complex, highly changeable virus, which makes speedy development of a successful preventive HIV vaccine extremely difficult.

HIV is spread when infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk gets into another person. Thus, there are several ways for the HIV to transmit: sexual transmission, blood transmission and vertical transmission. The current worldwide expansion of the AIDS epidemic is primarily driven by the sexual transmission, either heterosexual or homosexual. Also, transmission of HIV can occur following transfusion of blood product derived from an infected person’s blood. The perinatal transmission of HIV virtually account for all new HIV infections in children. As long as we know these means by which HIV spread, we can take measures to avoid AIDS by these following ways. Firstly, practice safe sex. Remember to use a condom with spermicide for anal, vaginal or oral penetration. Secondly, avoid sharing needles with other person. Thirdly, use medial latex gloves if we will be coming into contact with another person’s blood, urine, feces or semen. Indeed, HIV is fatal, but as long as we follow the rule listed above, there is no chance for us to contract the HIV. Meanwhile, we should also know that the HIV is not transmitted through daily hugging, kissing, message, shaking hands, insect bites and sharing showers or toilets with someone else with HIV.

As what I mentioned above, there is no cure for AIDS currently, but it may be treated with number of different antiretroviral drugs, often in combination. Early treatment with retrovirals, as soon as a person tests positive for infection with HIV, has been shown in studies to reduce to the transmission of HIV. Drugs such as AZT, DDI, and 3TC, which are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, have proved effective in delaying the onset of symptoms in certain subsets of infected individuals. The addition of a protease inhibitor, such as saquinovir, amprenavir, and atazanavir has proved very effective, but the drug combination does not eliminate the virus from the body. Thus, the current treatments are aimed to make patients live longer, lower their risk of developing non-HIV-related illness and to reduce the chances to transmit HIV to others.

A good piece of news is that the Thai HIV vaccine efficacy trial, known as RV144, demonstrated that latest vaccine was safe and modestly effective in preventing HIV infection. Therefore, we have to be confident, believing that we will finally defeat the AIDS just as we defeat those so-called cureless diseases like plague or smallpox hundreds years ago!

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Why did the Ming fall?

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Why did the Ming fall?，文章讲述郑和从1405年到1433年七次前往西海，成为中国航海历史上最自豪的事件。自1402年以来，成祖就向明代太监郑和下令，率领舰队前往西海。“郑和的航程比哥伦布早87年，比加马早93年，比伽马早116年。比麦哲伦（中国文化）。明朝的远征始于欧洲国家近一个世纪。但是，为什么郑和下西洋之后，明朝就拒绝了，而欧洲国家却占领了世界上许多殖民地？实际上，中国的封建社会自明代中期以来就开始衰落。我认为原因可以从政治，经济和社会方面加以说明。

Why did the Ming fall?
Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Sea for seven times from 1405 to 1433 became the proudest event in Chinese navigation history. Zheng He, a court eunuch in Ming Dynasty was sent for leading fleets to the Western Sea by Emperor Cheng Zu since 1402. “Zheng He's voyages are 87 years earlier than that of Columbus, 93 years earlier than that of Gama, and 116 years earlier than that of Magellan”(Chinese Culture. Org). Ming Dynasty’s expedition started nearly a century ahead of European countries. But why Ming Dynasty declined after Zheng He’s voyages while European Countries occupied numerous colonies all over the world? As a matter of fact, Chinese feudal society began to decline since the Middle Ming Dynasty. I think the reasons can be illustrated from political, economical and social aspects.
Politically, the ruling of Ming Dynasty was nearly the darkest in Chinese history in terms of the incompetent emperors and the supreme power of eunuchs. To start with, Ming Dynasty had the most incompetent rulers than any other dynasties had. The founder of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu, 1328-1398) was the most illiterate among all Chinese emperors. He was born in a poor peasant family with all the other family members starving to death and he was once even a beggar when he was a kid. For the lack of education, he couldn’t provide his offspring proper instruction in governing the country.
Second, the bureaucratic system of Ming Dynasty reversed the country’s development in some way. To strengthen the control of the country, Zhu Yuanzhang replaced the position of Prime Minister for the Cabinet of Grand Secretaries. As a result, the Emperor’s power was greatly enhanced because he had direct power over the Six Ministries. It may not be bad influence if the emperor was a very wise one. But the rulers in Ming Dynasty were not, so the elimination of Prime Ministry proved to be a bad impact on the country’s management.
Third, Zhu Yuanzhan’s enfeoffment was a kind of historical retroversion, which appeared only in Han Dynasty. The emperor’s initial purpose was to unite his sons against uprisings and outside invasion. It may help strengthening his power but also armed his sons, so after his grandson Zhu Yunwen took over the throne, it lasted only four years when his uncle Zhudi launched a coup. To much extent, Ming Dynasty’s enfeoffment law was a barrier to the country’s development.
Fourth is the establishment of spy agencies, which was under the direct control of the emperor, independent of the civil service bureaucracy. Since the first emperor, there emerged Jin Yi Wei, an organization formed by spy agents and Eastern Depot as well as Western Depot, formed by eunuchs. The members of Jin Yi Wei were the secret agents of the emperor, who were dispersed all over the country to spy for the emperor. The establishment of Jin Yi Wei was both a way to enhance the emperor’s absolutism and also the introduction of cruel punishment.
Eunuchs during the Ming Dynasty gained unprecedented power over state affairs. Since the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty, Eunuchs sometimes even surpassed the emperors’ power, among whom Wei Zhongxian was the most powerful and notorious eunuch in Chinese history. He was best known for his service in the court of the Tianqi Emperor (1620–27), when his power eventually rivaled that of the emperor.
The existence of Ji Yi Wei or Eastern and Western Depot deteriorated the chaos of Ming Dynasty. Many Bureaucrats were wronged by the organizations for their false accusation.
In economics, the measures taken by Ming Dynasty were not helpful, either. Although Zheng He’s exploration on the sea was more half a century ahead, the objective for the voyages was for political reason while voyages carried out by European countries were for trade purpose only. The Emperor, Zhu Di sent Zheng He on voyage was for spreading the influence of China, to show the world how powerful the country was. The navigator’s expedition facilitated China’s foreign trade to some extent, but couldn’t help too much in the economical development. In addition, the way Ming Dynasty dealt with trade was not proper. To demonstrate the the Kingdom of Heaven’s power, the court always dispatched large amount of goods to other countries. Either when Zheng He was doing trade in overseas country or when foreign leaders coming to China, China always returned their business partners with much more valued goods, which was totally against the rule of equivalent exchange.
Another obstacle in the process of Ming Dynasty’s economical development is the seclusion policy of the country, caused by coastal pirates’ invasion. Though General Qi Jiguang was sent for fighting against the pirates, the rulers took negative attitude toward the coastal invasion. The shutdown of foreign trade tremendously obstructed the country’s economy.
Socially speaking, one main factor comes from the cultural area. Because of Zhu Yuanzhang’s illiteracy, Ming Dynast had the most rigid imperial examination. The examination content was confined to the Four Books and Five Classics (traditional Confucian books) and the form was called Ba Gu Wen, a stereotyped style including eight parts. There is an old Chinese saying nothing is lofty except reading. In Chinese feudal society, one could only stand out by taking the imperial examination. So very few students would study other subjects such as natural science. The imperial examination greatly restricted the talents’ development, which accordingly affect the country’s scientific development while western countries were blooming in all areas.
With all the above-mentioned political, economical and cultural factors for the decline of Ming Dynasty, there are still some reasons which cannot be defined in one specific aspect. Some factors are intersectional. The establishment of enfeoffment also resulted in economical and social problems. The land the emperors enfeoffed the princes were robbed from the farmers. With the expansion of the princes’ families, the land plundered from the peasants was increasing, which severely restricted the development of agricultural economy. The loss of land also caused large-scale famine. In the late Ming Dynasty, thousands of people were starved to death, which finally led to the famous peasantry uprising led by Li Zicheng, who defeated Ming Dynasty’s army and founded a new regime called Dashun, which was later eliminated by Qing Dynsaty. The combined problems in the aspects of politics, economics or society finally led to the decline and collapse of Ming Dynasty, which not only signifies the dynasty’s fall but also the start of Chinese feudal system’s decline as well as the disappearance of China’s position as a superpower in the world.

Preliminary Bibliography Source:
1.“MingDynasty” , http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22829.htm
2. “Zheng He”,
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22644.htm
3. Ming History, Chinese Book

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The Tattoo Artist

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- The Tattoo Artist，文章讲述当我第一次看到人们的皮肤上有纹身时，我身上的各种杂物画对我来说是如此的神奇和神秘。从那时起，成为纹身艺术家的梦想就一直在我心中怀抱。但是，作为一个无法很好地绘画的局外人，我对该职业一无所知。亚当·沃默丹（Adam Warmerdam）是黑马纹身工作室（Dark Horse Tattoo Studio）的首席纹身艺术家之一，通过问我纹身对我意味着什么并使我了解成为纹身艺术家的本质，将我带入纹身界。

The Tattoo Artist
The miscellaneous paintings on people’s skin were so amazing and mysterious to me when I first saw tattoos on people’s skin. The dream of being a tattoo artist has been harboring in my heart since then. However, as an outsider who cannot even paint well, I know nothing about the occupation. Adam Warmerdam, one of the chief tattoo artists in Dark Horse Tattoo Studio, led me into the world of tattoo by asking me what tattoo means for me and made me understand the essence of being a tattoo artist
What does tattoo mean for you?
Tattoo can be a way of living and also a way of art. “Well, what comes into your mind when you think of tattoo?” Adam Warmerdam asked me when we met during lunch break at Starbucks Coffee Shop. “I don’t know…perhaps paintings on human bodies?” I responded discreetly. “Well yes, that is what most of people think about tattoo and actually, you got it half correct. Well, literally speaking, tattoo is about creating permanent marks on human bodies. Honestly, I have never regarded myself as an artist. I initially took this job as a way to support my living, but I love painting, or in another way, I love the demonstration of my painting art on human bodies, so I think It’s fine to say I am interpreting tattoo art in my own way. However, I have to tell you what tattoo means for me does not really matter to you at all. If you want to take this as your job, you have to think, think hard, what tattoo means for you”.

The Interpretation of Tattoo Pictures
Every Tattoo picture embodies a spirit or a story. Adam then took out a picture from his tattoo portfolio, a colorful tiger tattooed on a guy’s arm, “so what can you see from this tattoo work”, He asked. I carefully reviewed this picture and tried my best to interpret this tattoo from a deeper level. “I saw a tiger, opening its mouth to a snake. Both of the tiger and snake look fierce. I would take this tattoo as a representation of courage, perhaps?” Adam smiled, “There you go. This tattoo means courage, at least to you. Well, each piece of tattoo owns its story, and each individual who got tattoo on the body owns personal reasons. That is the most you should know”.
The Most Important Requirement of Being A Tattoo Artist
Owning a mainstream appreciation of beauty is the most important requirement of being a tattoo artist. At the last moment of our interview, I asked Adam a question I cared most, “which qualification would you rank as the top requirement to become a good tattoo artist”? Adam paused a while and responded, “well, besides some basic requirements like drawing skills, tattoo skills, and maybe a mainstream appreciation of beauty. Only with that can you regard tattoo as an art because art should be beautiful to people.”
Before Adam left me, he smiled to me and said: “One more thing you should remember if you really choose my profession, always bear the sense of responsibility, because the beauty of art in most of time should be shown to the whole society.”
So to be a tattoo artist, first we should know what it means to us, and then get the importance on how to interpret every tattoo picture and last cultivate our appreciation of beauty. But the most important is that we should always remember being responsible for the society and create beauty for the world.

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Pauline's election concept

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Pauline's election concept，文章讲述阅读本书之后，很容易理解选举的概念。救恩是给那些相信克里斯的人的。如果相信克里斯的人做了不正确的事情，有时可能会伤害他人，那么他或她需要得救。上帝总是愿意为自己的门徒赎罪。当谈到为保罗得救时，决不能忽略选举。如果一个人想被可爱的上帝选拔，那么他或她必须相信上帝。

Pauline's election concept

After reading this book, the concept of election is clear to be understood. Salvation is for those people who believe in Chris. If a person who believes in Chris has done something which is not correct, sometimes, it may hurt others, and then he or she needs to have a salvation. God is always willing to help its disciples atone for the sins that they have made. When it comes to the salvation for Paul, election should never be neglected. If a person wants to be selected by lovable God, then he or she must believe God. For Paul, there was no doubt that it had a long impact on him greatly. God loves people so much that he is willing to sacrifice his life in order to save everyone who has faith on him in the world. After God coming back to life, salvation initiated. As a matter of fact, the main reason why God came back to like is to save us, to help us atone for our sins with his life. The death of Christ had taken all of our sins away, human beings had been saved.

Paul pointed out that human beings who have faith on Christ will receive the Spirit. Faith is of great importance in terms of election. Actually, it is not difficult to see from Paul’s argument that being a Christian does not have to mean being selected. There are a variety of examples making the Paul’s arguments more persuasive and convincing. Actually, except God, nobody on this earth is perfect. However, God always wants his belovers be as perfect as they can, because God wants to give every best thing to the people who believe Christ.

As a sacred apostolate, on the one hand, Paul enjoys great reputation; on the other hand, he was accused as well. It is not easy to balance it. How to response to the accusations has been a thorny issue for Paul. Jewish is pure and innocent before the law to be specific.

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Master of Business Administration

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Master of Business Administration，文章讲述生活充满挑战和机遇，我当然乐在其中。因此，我认为担任GPA学生的责任达到3.6 / 4。令我非常高兴的是，我得到了同学的赞赏，因为很难在我的大学获得如此高的GPA。后来，尽管当时我要处理很多工作，但我还是帮助一家公司完成了90笔交易。当每个人都处于松散状态时，我会忙于实习，并思考将来我应该去哪里职业，以及什么样的素质可以对我的成就有所帮助。经过沉思后，我决心获得工商管理硕士学位，继续追求充满惊喜和希望的生活。

Master of Business Administration
Life is full of challenges and opportunities and I certainly enjoy it. Thus I assumed the responsibility for acting as a student with my GPA reached 3.6/4. Much to my delight, I was appreciated by my classmates, because it was difficult to gain such a high GPA in my college. Later on, I helped a company complete over 90 deals, despite that I had a big load of schoolwork to handle then. When everyone was at a loose end, I was busy practicing internship and reflecting on where I should head for professionally in the future and what kind of qualities could contribute to my achievement. After much meditating, I resolve to purse a Master’s degree in business management, proceeding with my quest for a life saturated with surprises and hopes.

As a matter of fact, I am a business management major already. However, I have developed a keen interest in it over time, so I often sat in on related courses such as Performance Management, Organizational Behavior and Labor Law to hone my skills. Now, I have finished learning the rudiments of business management and thus got a general idea of its circle. Besides, I also read numerous pertinent books such as Human Resource Management by Gary Dessler, Organizational Behavior by Stephen P. Robbins and the MBA by Harvard University. Through reading these books, I have not only consolidated my field knowledge but also channeled the advanced ideas stated in those books to my management of the student organization. For instance, when I was a student in the college of our school in my freshman year, I recognized that there were some problems in our secretariat, particularly the lack of cohesiveness and ambiguity of duty. Fledgling in MBA as I was back then, I took on the mantle of planning and hosting several activities and festivals as well as the Freshman Evening Show. I knew we would be unable to complete our missions perfectly unless we overhauled our department. Therefore, I then used the theory of management by objectives to set the specific goal and broke it down afterwards. Meanwhile, I distributed assignments according to everyone’s unique traits and strengths. I also invested emotionally in my teammates to motivate them based on the original assessment system. Moreover, I organized a series of convivial group activities to reinforce the bond between one another in the college. Thankfully, these activities and festivals went off well due to our concerted effort. Much more to my pride, everyone gave me a big hand for my dedication and performance. This was the first time I successfully applied my knowledge to practical issues and it has firmed up my determination to keep on exploring the world of MBA considerably.

In the next few years of my college, I have started to work at my parents company as an intern related to MBA officer successfully, which provided me with an opportunity to learn MBA techniques from beyond the campus. And of course, the background and cultural atmosphere of my family influence my choice of college. I am willing to continue to help my parents on business in the future which comprehensive and professional knowledge is needed, thus, I can do my parents a favor when it comes to business management. After all, I am the only hope for them. In fact, the training given by the company and my parents did not live up to my expectation at the very beginning. Thus I shared my ideas with my director and pointed out that the training system was not sound enough and feedback was not timely, along with some suggestions, which earned me praise from my superior in return. Through this work placement, I picked up the skills of formulating schedules, screening candidates and communicating efficiently with my co-workers as well as superiors. During the process, I would first try to win the workmates confidence by introducing my abilities in detail. Then I would show my different techniques according to my own characters and job expectations. Not only did I get the hang of management job and training new employees after the internships, but I also refined my communication skills and coordinating capacity. From then on, I laid particular stress on deepening my theoretical knowledge and breaking through my theoretical plateau in practice. I know well that I must have a more systematic study of MBA, and this is why I have been longing to take a Master’s degree program in business management.

In my opinion, your XXX Program will suit my needs, so I am looking forward to studying at your university, where I can deepen my knowledge of business management and acquire a bigger repertoire of MBA techniques. Hopefully I can join a renowned headhunting firm after graduation, looking for the right employees while helping them realize their potential to the full at the same time. To attain my end, I need to first gear myself up through studying at your MBA program,. For all the reasons outlined above, I sincerely hope you will give me a chance to continue my pursuit at your university.

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