留学生essay范文：The flaws in American democracy

下面整理一篇优秀的essay范文给大家- The flaws in American democracy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国民主制度的缺陷。制度是一个国家得以有序运行的必要条件和有力保证。但是从本质来说，制度是由人制定的，不可避免的会带有时代局限性和考虑不周全的方面，不存在十全十美的制度，美国的制度也远非完美。在世纪之交的美国大选、医疗改革和官员腐败等事例中，都真实反映了美国的民主制度中存在的弊病。

When it comes to the United States, it is inevitable to talk about its democracy, which includes the separation of powers, the two-party system and the civil liberties. Indeed, for the first time, the United States transformed the political philosophy of power restriction and balance, social contract, and people's sovereignty into reality. On this basis, it led the American people to become the only superpower in the world and realized the American dream generation after generation. Even so, the American system is far from perfect. In particular, the 21st century, from the election at the turn of the century to the war in Iraq, to the difficult health care reform, to the exposure of official corruption, all reflect the shortcomings of the American political system. The emergence of these problems has led to people's reflection. It seems that the American political system, which always prides itself on stability, is less and less able to adapt to the development of The Times. The reform plan of the political system in some aspects is also put into the proposal of congress. Due to the limited space, this paper will try to demonstrate some problems of American democracy from several aspects such as separation of powers, supervision of the news media and participation in politics of interest groups.

In order to prevent the uncontrolled expansion of power, the institutional designers introduced the decentralization thought of political philosophers such as Locke and montesquieu into the United States, and made the three branches of legislation, administration and justice link up with each other, separate and restrict each other. However, the institutional design of the separation of powers principle in the specific implementation process is far more complicated than the theoretical level. Designers must fully consider the possibility of all kinds of abuses, design a series of complex procedures, on the one hand, to ensure that the legislative, administrative and judicial mutual containment, which one can own the power of the infinite expansion, on the other hand, to guarantee to cooperation between them, not because of too much checks and balances and hinder the smooth operation of the policy. American system design takes these two aspects into consideration, trying to harmonize the contradiction between restriction and cooperation to the greatest extent. The United States, for example, the constitution gives congress with legislative power, the other two departments shall not interfere in, but at the same time, the President has the veto of legislation, federal courts have the unconstitutional review power, such an arrangement makes the administrative and judicial departments on the premise of not impede legislative independence in fact involved in the legislative process and play the role of the legislature of legislative activities to supervise. However, in fact, the distribution of power cannot be equal. When the total amount of power remains in a relatively stable range, there is a game for power among various departments, which makes American politics swing between "big congress" and "big President". In many cases, this pendulum phenomenon results in the failure of various departments to play a positive role in the restriction and the inefficiency of the collaboration. These phenomena reflect the funnel in the system, once it is used intentionally, the impact will be huge. There are many examples of checks and balances failing. The President of the United States, as a dual representative of the head of state and the head of government, can have as much, if not more, influence as the despot once power is not forcefully limited. Mr Bush is clearly very good at spotting and using the system's funnel for his own use, pushing his own claims on everything from appointing officials to spending money to military defence. The inefficiencies of co-operation are too numerous to mention. In diplomacy, the imbalance of power is even more pronounced. In this regard, American scholars made an oblique comment that "the President of the United States almost dominates the major policies of American foreign affairs, while the congress is seen as a political platform to realize the diversified democratic values in the United States". Chinese scholars put it more bluntly: "when it comes to foreign affairs, the role of congress has almost invariably been portrayed as an inconsequential silence." But the effect is often negative. In international exchanges, the United States' dual diplomatic system has led to foreign distrust and weakened the image of a responsible major power in many cases. President Wilson, who enthusiastically called for the establishment of the league of nations, was unable to join it because of congressional opposition. Many of the President's bilateral, multilateral agreements are not approved by congress, making presidential diplomacy less effective. At home, the recent financial crisis, for example, has been exacerbated by divisions in congress and the President that have made America's response to the crisis slow. Francis fukuyama, author of "the end of history" and a former champion of democracy and market economics, has recently begun to value the Chinese model of "responsible authority", recognising the efficiency of centralised institutions and their huge capacity to mobilise. Moreover, as a representative of the neo-conservative forces, Mr. Fukuyama's criticism of "the United States is caught by the fire in the process of emphasizing the use of force to promote democracy" reflects the increasing reflection of American academia on the domestic and diplomatic aspects of its own political system.

A good system can always follow the right track, without the supervision of this link. In the United States, the media is known as the fourth power by image. The first amendment to the U.S. constitution is about protecting the freedom of the press and the press. In recent years, the news media became famous for following Nixon's watergate scandal and revealing the truth. Due to institutional guarantees, the American media has sufficient freedom of speech, and many TV programs dare to speak out about government policies and measures, and even directly criticize those in power. However, can it be said that the media in the United States completely stand on the objective side of the government as a watchdog? The answer is no.

Clearly, the media can't be completely value free. Even for news programs that do not make any comments, the content they broadcast is subjective, guiding the audience's concerns and determining the agenda of the congress. Moreover, the media tends to be tied to party support. Although the media has gained enough freedom, the traditional media in the United States is almost completely controlled by the three major broadcasters, ABC,CBS and NBC. In addition, the two network communication media, CNN and FOX, form the main body of the news industry. And all of these companies have strong political stances. Take the quadrennial presidential election as an example. In the process of the biggest democratic prosperity in the eyes of the American people, various TV stations have been engaged in fierce competition to promote the candidate they support, regardless of the fact to smear the other side. Television is a part of American life and has a subtle influence on American behavior and even values. In an extreme example, watching television during the campaign can lead to a difference in the name of the sacred ballot. This involves the dilemma of representative democracy. What will it take for voters to decide who can represent their interests without full knowledge of the candidates? Clearly there are a significant number of people in the United States who take the direction of public opinion as the most important reference standard.

On the other hand, no matter how much the media is praised as the conscience of society to monitor the operation of the political system, as a profit-making organization, its primary purpose is to maximize profits. In a highly competitive market, major media companies tend to deliberately broadcast eye-catching programs for audience rating, and gradually break away from the real life of ordinary people. There are endless official scandals. Instead of strengthening people's attention to politics, criminal cases only lead to a growing loss of confidence in politics, resulting in indifference to politics. Turnout in American elections is at the back end of all western democracies. In recent years, some scholars began to realize the problems caused by excessive trust in the media.

If the media of the United States still plays an important supervisory role in the internal affairs, then in the foreign affairs, the media has not hesitated to maintain a consistent position with the government, build up an ideological copper wall and shape the Americans' external cognition. In a country full of a sense of superiority, the public has been little known to the outside world, and the only recognition is mostly from the media's disgraceful image of other countries. To some extent, the American media cooperated with the government in carrying out the policy of "fools". This is good for increasing political cohesion in multicultural countries, but where does the diplomatic propaganda that strips out the right of citizens to know place the democratic idea?

Interest groups are a form of popular participation advocated by pluralistic democracy. Different from general democracy principle of a simple majority, pluralist democracy view in order to ensure the freedom and personal property, must prevent majority tyranny, in a complex pluralistic society, the individual direct participation is impossible, only with the identity of the members of the organization or institution, thus allowing different interest groups to express their demands is a reflection of democracy. The final decision will be a compromise between different interest groups, which ensures fairness. In practice, however, it is debatable whether the competition of active interest groups actually prevents both majority and minority tyranny. First of all, interest groups are also organized by the bureaucratic model. Each interest group has its own leadership, usually those outstanding figures in the society, but rarely the ordinary people. It can be said that "the status quo of American society is dominated by the intelligentsia, the media, the urban elites, and the liberal voices. The existence of interest groups reduces the opportunity for ordinary people to directly reflect their own will. Second, power among interest groups is not equal, so there is no guarantee of fairness in the process of wrestling. Especially when it comes to the competition of economic interests, organizations that are strong enough to provide large amounts of "political contributions" in presidential campaigns can gain a favorable position. This is a big drawback of party politics, exacerbated by America's extensive lobbying by lobbyists.

In addition, the excessive protection of interest groups, especially trade unions and other non-profit organizations, which are designed to promote public welfare, also has a series of consequences. The affirmative action movement that began in the 1960s, for example, was a response to the growing movement of women and the black movement. The policy is designed to take care of minorities and women, and to compensate them for the pain they have suffered in history with practical benefits. Specific measures include expanding the percentage of blacks and women admitted to schools, companies and others. This policy, of course, has the support of American citizens. But over time, it was found that the policy actually created a kind of "reverse discrimination" that put most people other than these people at a competitive disadvantage. In the United States, for example, as a social organization to protect workers' rights, the United States has numerous labor unions of all sizes, such as the united auto workers union, the cleaner's union and so on. These unions have formed a network to link workers organically. But Americans' indulgence of unions has created many problems, both for the sake of democracy and for the protection of the weak. For example, the labor union constantly demands to improve the wage level of the workers for the protection of their basic rights and interests, so as to shape a group of high wage rate and low efficiency. American workers are less competitive, and the decline of traditional American manufacturing has been linked to overprotective labor unions. When the interests of a group are put before the interests of society as a whole, the original intention of defending democracy is lost. In specific policy choices, whether to follow "equal opportunity" or "compensatory equality" is a major challenge for democracy. Problems in the American political process reflect the dilemma of choice.

These are just a few of the flaws in American democracy. Besides, the United States also has a series of disadvantages in the fields of election, judicial judgment and foreign policy making. It can be seen from the above analysis that the defects existing in the American democratic system are largely caused by the logical contradiction of "democracy" itself: freedom and equality, as the two cornerstones of democracy, always weaken each other in practice. So the potential danger for Americans is not the flaws of the system, but the ability to recognize or recognize them. All these problems are caused by the concept of democracy in practice, which is inevitable.

The national character of Americans was once summed up as skeptical. If this is true, it is at least an exception to political ideas and institutions. Tocqueville long ago recognized the American "majoritarian dictatorship," pointing out that Americans confine themselves to an ideological boundary that no one can surmount. That is to say, the American dictatorship is not passive, controlled by one dictator, but formed by the values that all the people actively identify with. It is a question for American leaders to ponder how the flaws of a democratic system, to which all the people are proud, can be adapted to The Times. For the Chinese, as the United States pushes its soft power aggressively around the world and exports its model to the rest of the world, our scrutiny of the American polity should always be sober, aware of its advances and aware of its shortcomings. After all, China and the United States are at different stages of national conditions and development. The social system, strategic culture and geographical conditions of the two countries are quite different. If the us democracy is pursued blindly, more new problems will emerge than the problems solved.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

留学生essay范文：Accounting aesthetics

下面整理一篇优秀的essay范文给大家- Accounting aesthetics，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了会计的美学。随着会计工作不断深入化，有学者提出了会计美学的概念，即将会计工作与企业管理工作相结合，使企业在充分了解自身现有的基础上，全面发展，体现会计存在的真正价值感。会计美学也是对审美意识和美感经验的理论提升和系统凝练。

In ancient times, "accounting" was defined as "the calculation of piecemeal calculation, and the sum total calculation of accounting", which was a preliminary understanding of accounting by the ancient people. Accounting at that time should be called "Mr. Ledger". All they needed to do was to record every transaction and make final calculation of income and expenditure. This was the most basic accounting work. When the data accumulated to a certain extent, people began to try to classify and record the complicated and dazzling data. This is the second stage of the development of accounting, in which large amounts of data collected in the past are modified and embellished to make the data more clear, to make the data information beneficiaries more clearly and to make the data users more familiar with it.

Through the accounting work, the current financial status and operating results of the accounting object are effectively expressed, and to make the enterprise stronger and bigger, the planning must be made according to the current operating financial status. As a result, the importance of the accounting work, accounting is no longer a simple data record, classify, modifications to the summary of information, but is associated with the management of the enterprise, effectively combines the enterprise management and accounting, the accounting work is reflected in the enterprise development blueprint, this is the third stage in the development of accounting. After the preparation and development of the previous two stages, the data information in accounting work is continuously refined, and the collection and recording work is more organized. With the deepening of accounting work, there comes the third stage -- "accounting aesthetics", which combines accounting work with enterprise management work, enabling enterprises to fully develop on the basis of fully understanding their own existing, reflecting the real "beauty" soul and real sense of value of accounting existence.

"Beauty" gives people a pleasant and comfortable feeling. Although people define beauty differently, they always feel the most beautiful for what suits them and brings convenience to them. The preference for "beauty" mentioned before is also derived from the feature of "fit", such as people's self-knowledge of water, temperature and temperature. In terms of the preference of suitability, accounting gives information users a maximum sense of beauty, such as accounting's requirement of information quality that substance is more important than form and timeliness. Instead of making accounting products in accordance with the existing laws and regulations, they are customized to give users a sense of comfort and make them feel the "beauty".

The beneficiaries of the use of accounting information are required to have a certain sense of beauty in the face of accounting information, and can have a pleasant feeling when reading. While accountants in the accounting practice must also produces aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic experience, accounting aesthetics is the aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic experience of ascension in theory and system concise, accountants and accounting information users are paying attention to the practical value and scientific mission at the same time, should be studied from the Angle of aesthetics, the rule of accounting aesthetics, explore the real accounting radiances, balance, symmetry, order, JieGouMei, contracted beauty, unified beauty and harmonious beauty, building the system of accounting aesthetics theory system.

Accounting is essentially the most watched beauty beauty lies in the "balance", "dynamic" and "skill", connecting the three and perfect, so a perfect accounting statements is complete, but only part of the accounting work, as a modern accounting personnel, to the accounting work done with aesthetic effect, you must take to express the content of the accounting information accurately and closely combining the basis of the existing enterprise, truly reflect timely and accurate accounting object existing financial operating conditions at the same time also can effectively use accounting information to promote benefit the further development of the enterprise.

If the public were to define accounting as a profession, most would probably attribute it to a technical activity requiring caution and patience. However, if we have a deep understanding of accounting, we will find that accounting is a technical activity and requires the art of creating beauty. As an excellent accountant, I should uphold good scientific spirit and maintain a sense of beauty around me. This is also shown in the continuous development and progress of accounting. Chinese accounting has gradually merged with international accounting. As an accountant, we should keep up with the pace of The Times, make efforts to make progress, keep learning, and manage our wealth well for the development of the enterprise.

The "four fears" in accounting work is also the emphasis of planning and composition in the construction of an excellent accounting work. To complete a good accounting work, it is necessary to achieve the overall "balance" beauty, "dynamic" beauty, "skill" beauty and "truth" beauty. "Rigid" accounting comes down to well-formed accounting work that is not suitable for further use. A "lying" accounting work, like a distorted work of art, loses its original value. Any work, whether abstract or realistic, is itself a reflection of reality. "decoration" and "innovation" are not fake, just for the sake of better presentation in front of the audience, which is also the true connotation of accounting aesthetics. "Imbalance" and "play risks" show that the accounting works lack the balance of beauty and real beauty. It can be seen that important accounting works in accounting need to have the beauty of "balance", "dynamic", "skill" and "truth" at the same time, before they can show their aesthetic effects.

Accounting, contains not only accounting personnel and accounting statements and other related works, but also contains the ornamental, qualifier of accounting work, how to build a stable among aesthetic structure, first of all have to do the effective communication between accountants and the accounting information user, let the accounting staff to understand what consumers really need is information, at the same time, the accounting information user time to understand the status of the existing real reflected, making information transparent, timely, and specialisation. In this way, there will not be repeated and disordered invalid redundant information in the accounting process, making the overall accounting appear concise and clear. To discuss the theory and practical significance of beauty in accounting, the humanistic care of accountants is of vital importance, the accountants with high quality will have a good traction effect on the accounting work itself, and the accountants' aesthetic ideas will be directly reflected in the accounting works.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

留学生essay范文：Financial regulation in the United States

下面整理一篇优秀的essay范文给大家- Financial regulation in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的金融监管制度。英美法系国家根据判例法法律的基础，并且运用判例解决金融监管过程中的法律问题，进而可以确保金融市场的发展能够随着时代的发展而变化。美国完善的金融监管规则为金融的发展提供了稳定的法律环境，促进了美国金融业的发展。

From different angles, financial regulation has different meanings. The narrow sense of financial regulation is worth to ensure the stability of financial markets, prevent and control financial risks, and to implement the activities of these rules. Financial regulation in the broad sense is much more extensive. It has three meanings: first, the rules of financial regulation, which are similar to those in the narrow sense of financial regulation; second, it has financial subjects, such as financial institutions, financial products and financial regulatory departments. Finally, the supervision mechanism of finance, that is, the supervision of the subject and object of finance to ensure the effective implementation of the regulation. The narrow sense of financial regulation is isolated and static, while the broad sense of financial regulation contains dynamics and changes.

The United States has a very sound legal system and belongs to the Anglo-American legal system. Based on the legal basis of case law, the countries in the common law system use cases to solve legal problems in the process of financial supervision, so as to ensure that the development of financial market can change with the development of The Times. Perfect financial regulation in the United States provides a stable legal environment for the development of finance and promotes the development of American finance. But sound financial regulation does not mean that America's system is perfect. The subprime crisis of 2008 fully exposed the problems in American financial regulation. But the strength of American financial regulation lies in its adaptability and responsiveness. Thus, after the subprime crisis in 2008, the United States emerged from the shadow of the crisis relatively quickly, and the financial market began to prosper again.

The restriction and balance of power is deeply rooted in the United States. At present, the American authorities have adopted the dual-line and multi-bull supervision model for financial market regulation. That is, the federal government and the state government regulate the financial market in two lines, and are supervised by several specific regulations at the same time. "Long" regulators include the federal reserve, the monetary authority, the securities and exchange commission and more. The model of dual line supervision and multi-line supervision is different from each other in terms of the regulation. Before the subprime crisis in 2008, the financial supervision model of American two-line long made great achievements, but the loophole of this supervision model was clearly revealed in the subprime crisis. Once systemic risk emerges in the financial market, no institution can effectively deal with the risk due to the lack of unified authority to supervise, resulting in the deepening of the subprime mortgage crisis. Therefore, the model of dual - line multi - bull has many problems, such as low efficiency and fuzzy regulation.

Financial supervision mechanism is a dynamic supervision activity. The American financial regulatory mechanism has the characteristics of benign dynamic and can reflect on the crisis. Subprime financial crisis in 2008, for example, the high pay of senior financial officials exposed the shortcomings of us financial regulation mechanism, before the crisis, the world's three major rating agencies of the United States subprime problem for early warning, but because of financial regulation is very complex, and due to the complexity of interest relations, led to the emergence of the crisis. Of course, due to the good self-reflection and recovery ability of the financial regulatory mechanism in the United States, after a profound review of the problem, the United States came out of the subprime crisis relatively quickly.

Throughout the history of financial regulatory reform in the United States, there has always been an imprint of history. In the history of the United States, there was an economic crisis every ten years or so, and the financial regulation of the United States was always able to adjust appropriately in the face of the crisis, thus making the financial regulation of the United States have a distinct era mark. In the subprime crisis, in 2009, the us government issued the plan of financial regulation reform, which was the biggest financial regulation reform since the 1930s. The reform of financial regulation has the potential to cause moral hazard. This is because the reform plan will put more emphasis on the regulatory role of the government. If the government increases the implicit guarantee to the large financial institutions, it may encourage them to choose the investment areas with more risk orientation, which will further lead to the increase of systemic risk. Moreover, the reform of financial regulation will give the fed broader powers. Because this reform is so different from the "liberal" economic ideology that the United States has always pursued, there is opposition at home. The financial regulatory reform in 2009, is based on the subprime crisis has had a huge impact, on the basis of this is paper tone of a blow to the market, further evidence that the financial regulation can not rely solely on the supervision of the market itself, and shall order the appropriate dependent on government regulation, but does not mean that the role of the government is omnipotent, but advocates of market regulation and government regulation. The financial regulation plan is the result of all parties' game, and the plan is also subject to great resistance, but the U.S. senate finally passed the plan in 2010.

China's current financial supervision system was formed in 2003. The three committees under the jurisdiction of the central bank exercise administrative supervision over the banking, insurance and securities sectors. With the gradual opening of China's financial market, the American financial regulatory system has a very important reference significance for China, and the process of learning from it is also a process of in-depth analysis of the American financial regulatory system.

The us subprime mortgage crisis has fully exposed the loopholes in the us regulatory rules and mechanisms, and the important reason for this failure is the lack of effective coordination mechanism in the us regulatory system. In order to overcome the regulatory loopholes caused by the dual-line multiple supervision model, the United States plans to set up a unified financial system to coordinate regulators, so as to make up for the deficiencies of the dual-line multiple supervision mechanism. The experience and lessons of the us subprime mortgage crisis also inspired me. China should also improve the regulatory coordination mechanism as soon as possible, and the three associations should have a coordinated link and function to give full play to the maximization of regulatory utility. It is necessary for China to establish a joint regulatory meeting mechanism among the three associations, and fully realize the sharing of information, so as to ensure that the regulators have good information communication ability and coordination ability, which can not only reduce the cost of supervision, but also improve the efficiency of supervision. At present, China has established a preliminary coordination and communication mechanism, but there are still big problems in terms of communication efficiency and information sharing. How to avoid vague regulatory responsibilities and loopholes in regulation should not only be learned from the United States, but also be based on its national conditions.

With the continuous enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength and the continuous improvement of people's consumption level and consumption capacity, people's demand for financial products is more and more intense, so as to realize the need of maintaining and increasing the value of investment and wealth. The increasing financial consumption demand in China is an important force to promote China's economic development. If financial regulation neglects to protect the public interest, it will seriously frustrate the public's enthusiasm to consume. With the improvement of the consumption capacity of Chinese residents, the speed and quantity of credit card issuance in China is increasing rapidly. How to ensure credit security is also an important issue. There are great differences between China and the United States in consumption traditions and habits, but we can still draw on the experience of American financial supervision in this respect. The United States has set up financial institutions to protect consumers in response to the habit of domestic consumers being too advanced, and has improved laws to protect consumers so as to guarantee the development of the American economy on the premise of ensuring people's consumption ability. In order to perfect the credit market, China has established a national citizen information credit system, and citizens and relevant institutions can inquire citizens' credit information, which is an important measure taken by China to prevent financial risks.

The United States has always attached great importance to the cultivation of financial talents. All major universities in the United States have set up majors in finance, and have specially recruited experienced talents to enter the field of financial supervision, so as to strengthen the supervision of financial market from the talent team. At present, China's supervision mode is developing from the extensive supervision in the past to the target supervision direction, and the means and methods of supervision are constantly improving. The following are the defense lines to transform the financial supervision model: the transformation from post-supervision to pre-risk supervision and prevention, from static supervision means to dynamic supervision, from comprehensive and extensive supervision to targeted and focused supervision, so as to effectively play the role of the market. In the new situation, it is necessary to learn from the advanced side of American financial supervision, vigorously strengthen the training of supervision personnel, improve the comprehensive quality of supervision personnel, update the supervision concept of supervision personnel, and constantly absorb talents with rich financial practice experience to enrich the supervision team.

With the deepening of global economic integration, financial systemic risks are no longer confined within one country. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the experience of us financial supervision, strengthen international financial supervision coordination, and carry out a series of innovation of supervision methods. We should build a multilateral coordination mechanism for financial supervision and regulation, strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation, encourage financial crimes, and address systemic financial risks. It is to comply with the international financial development defense line and introduce advanced regulatory technology from the United States and other western countries. Global economic integration has greatly shortened the time and cycle of financial transactions worldwide, expanded the depth and breadth of the financial business field, and also presented new challenges for intercontinental financial regulation. The United States relies on its economic strength, and financial regulation is not just domestic, but global. Strengthening international regulatory cooperation can enhance communication, reduce misunderstandings, improve regulatory efficiency and reduce systemic risks in global finance.

To sum up, us financial regulation has a long history. Its history of financial regulation is a history of constantly responding to challenges and constantly adjusting the means, methods and modes of regulation. As financial regulation in the United States has an important influence on the development of global economy, China should learn from the United States and improve its own regulatory system and rules to improve regulatory efficiency and promote the improvement of its own financial regulation level.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

essay留学生范文：Anti-employment discrimination legislation in the United States and Britain

下面整理一篇优秀的essay范文给大家- Anti-employment discrimination legislation in the United States and Britain，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美英的反就业歧视立法。反对就业歧视是实现公民平等权的重要内容之一。迄今为止，反就业歧视的法律制度建设在一些国家和地区已经取得了比较令人满意的效果。美国是最早制定反就业歧视法的国家之一，在反就业歧视方面有一套比较成熟的法律体系，而且有专门的反就业歧视的执行机构。而英国有关就业歧视的法律体系相当严密，走在欧盟国家反歧视立法的前列。但与美国不同，英国并未制定综合性的反就业歧视法，而是根据不同的禁止事由分别立法。

Employment discrimination is an abnormal social phenomenon in many countries and regions. Both the us and the UK have relatively robust anti-employment discrimination laws. However, the anti-employment discrimination law in China has been absent for a long time, the relevant legal system is not perfect, and the judicial relief is not enough. Therefore, the anti-employment discrimination law should be issued as soon as possible to set up the concept of employment equality, set up specific legal responsibilities and judicial relief channels, and set up special anti-discrimination law enforcement agencies to ensure the implementation of laws, so as to improve the anti-employment discrimination law system, which is one of the urgent problems China needs to solve at present.

Employment discrimination is an abnormal social phenomenon, which exists in many countries and regions to varying degrees. It violates the principle of "everyone is equal before the law", infringes on the right of workers to live and distorts the market economy law of optimal allocation of human resources. The fight against employment discrimination and the protection of workers' equal right to employment is an important issue of concern to the international community. However, due to the imperfect legal system of anti-employment discrimination in China, employment discrimination incidents emerge in real life. Therefore, it is necessary for China to learn from the mature legal system of foreign countries to perfect the anti-employment discrimination legislation.

Fighting against employment discrimination is one of the important contents to realize the equal rights of citizens. So far, the establishment of legal system of anti-employment discrimination has achieved satisfactory results in some countries and regions, and there are many experiences worth learning.

The United States was one of the first countries to enact anti-employment discrimination laws, has a relatively mature legal system on anti-employment discrimination, and has a specialized anti-employment discrimination enforcement agency.

Due to historical reasons, the United States formed on the basis of the constitution, with comprehensive anti employment discrimination, the framework of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is perfect anti-discrimination legal system, the employment discrimination is not only one of the core content of the labor law, and it is an important component of the anti-discrimination laws, almost every anti-discrimination monomial legislation relating to the employment discrimination.

The "equal legal protection" clause of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. constitution is the basis for anti-employment discrimination. Many individual ACTS were enacted in congress, such as chapter 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or country of birth. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 specified the amount of compensation payable to employers for ACTS of intentional employment discrimination; The equal pay act of 1963 required equal pay for equal work; The anti-employment age discrimination act, passed in 1967 and amended in 1990, prohibits employers from imposing mandatory retirement ages on their employees. The persons with disabilities act of 1990 protects persons with disabilities from discrimination in employment and obligers shall provide them with "reasonable convenience"; And so on. States and localities in the United States have also enacted their own anti-discrimination laws. In addition, as the United States is a country of Anglo-American legal system, its court system and judicial precedents of state courts have also actively participated in anti-employment discrimination, making their due contributions to the protection of equal employment rights.

It can be seen that the United States has both the constitution formulated and revised by congress and the relevant special laws, as well as the directive issued and amended by the President unilaterally. There are both the basic law against all employment discrimination and single laws and regulations only targeting a specific kind of discrimination, which are relatively mature in the legislation of anti-employment discrimination.

The United States has specialized anti-employment discrimination enforcement agencies, among which the main federal enforcement agencies are:

As an independent quasi-judicial body, the EEOC has five commissioners and one general counsel, all of whom are nominated by the President and confirmed by the senate. The EEOC is responsible for interpreting and enforcing federal laws against employment discrimination, eliminating discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and nationality in hiring, promotion, firing, wages, testing, training, internships, and all other conditions of employment; Accept complaints from employees about employment discrimination and can directly collect evidence.

Many states in the United States typically have their own anti-discrimination agencies, such as the New York state department of human rights in New York state, which accepts employee-related employment discrimination complaints free of charge and files civil or administrative investigations as appropriate.

Both agencies are responsible for enforcing the civil service reform act, which prohibits employment discrimination and retaliation by personnel measures to promote full impartiality of federal personnel measures.

The legal system of employment discrimination in the UK is quite strict, which is at the forefront of anti-discrimination legislation in eu countries. Unlike the United States, however, the UK does not have comprehensive anti-employment discrimination laws, but rather legislation on the basis of different prohibitions such as sex, race, disability, age, religion and belief. Such as the equal pay act of 1970, the sex discrimination act of 1975, the race relations act of 1976, and the disability discrimination act of 1995. Anti-employment discrimination legislation in the UK involves the entire process of employment, including employment access, vocational training, job promotion, working conditions and so on.

The British anti-discrimination law is mainly embodied in the written law, and the employment court and the court's jurisprudence are responsible for the interpretation of the law. In the UK, anti-discrimination is a continuously open system with a growing scope of protection, which is mainly reflected by the increasing prohibition of discrimination in the form of regulations. For example, the employment equality ordinance in 2003, the employment equality ordinance in 2003, and the employment equality ordinance in 2006.

The United Kingdom has set up three specialized agencies for different objects according to different legislation types to ensure the implementation and implementation of anti-discrimination laws. The role of these agencies in the UK is more obvious than in the us. They are the equal opportunities commission under the sex discrimination act of 1975, the racial equality commission under the race relations act of 1976 and the disability rights commission under the disability discrimination act of 1995. The three specialized agencies have essentially the same powers: they all have the power to conduct formal investigations of employers and to issue legally binding "non-discrimination notices" before the courts. You can file a civil suit against your employer like the EEOC did in the United States. The EOC and CRE can also issue "codes of conduct" with evidence validity. As a result, Britain's executive branch has played a bigger role in fighting employment discrimination and promoting employment equality. They operate independently of each other in dealing with anti-discrimination, but they also have inconsistencies and inconsistencies as they are too scattered. So in October 2007 a unified anti-discrimination body, the equality and human rights commission, was announced. It inherits all the functions and powers of the three agencies mentioned above. Its role was not only to eliminate discrimination but also to promote the realization of the right to equality.

In particular, under the employment tribunal act of 1996, a special employment tribunal and an employment appeal tribunal were established in the UK to allow victims to bring cases to the employment tribunal when the executive body could not obtain relief.

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essay留学生范文：The language

下面整理一篇优秀的essay范文给大家- The language，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了语言。语言，是人类的重要组成部分，更是人类沟通交流的桥梁。借助合适的语言，人们能够恰当地表达自己的思想，可以拉近人与人之间的距离。人类生活中离不开语言，但是绝大多数人对于语言的规律不甚了解。实际上，语言的数量和语言的规模，随着人类历史的推移也在不断的变化，在全球化进程中强势语言迅猛传播，而弱势语言随着语言功能衰减使用人数不断减少，逐渐走向濒危和消亡。

Language is an important part of human beings and a bridge of human communication. With the right language, people can express their thoughts properly, which can shorten the distance between people. Language is indispensable in human life, but most people don't know much about the laws of language. In fact, the number of languages and the scale of languages are constantly changing with the passage of human history. In the process of globalization, strong languages spread rapidly, while weak ones gradually become endangered and die out with the declining number of speakers of language functions. How to select the most versatile among the various languages, how to achieve accurate result prediction in the intricate distribution transfer of language, and if the above two questions are answered, the results are encouraging. In this paper, we establish a multi-factor continuous language population model, carry out time series analysis, apply logistic regression algorithm and stochastic gradient descent to achieve the model solution, and give the result analysis.

In order to predict the language distribution and change trend, we established a model to predict the distribution of various language users over time and the number of language users changes within 50 years, and judged whether the languages in the list of top 10 languages were still in the top 10. In addition, the distribution of language is predicted and described in the context of the global population migration.

As shown in the figure, language users of a region can be divided into three states, and the changes of each state are given the state transition parameters. They constitute the basic model, and there is a state transition relationship between them.

In the continuous model, we use the transformation parameter to calculate the change of the number of speakers of each language in a region after a time step, and then predict the change of the number of speakers over time. The definition required for model parameters is given in figure 2.

As for the number of non-official speakers in the region, it can be seen that the conversion comes from people moving in from n-speaking countries and people who do not have a second language in the region.

Considering the different influences of political economy, culture and society in different regions, we introduced the transformation parameter ki and the judgment factor aN. Ki represents the influence of I district government promotion, school use and social pressure on the second language. If language N is the second language promoted by the local government, then aN=1 =1, otherwise 0. Therefore, we get formula B as follows:

Where possible, we use real data to provide appropriate estimates for these parameters. This method of providing parameters for parameters provides a real basis for language changes in the model.

As the implementation of the second language is mainly realized through education, which is positively correlated with education investment and the calculation formula obtained by referring to relevant literature, c is the influencing factor that integrates policy, social pressure and international trade

Since no reliable data can be used to determine C, their values are defined as anthropological data. This ensures that our model is accurate and allows C as part of the solution to provide predictions of language change in the world.

As time goes on, Chinese, English and punjabi occupies the proportion of increase gradually, we think that because of China's big population base, the new birth population is much, so to master the high proportion of Chinese and the language of the developed countries such as Britain, the United States is English, because of high international standing in the developed countries, the language high liquidity, most countries are willing to speak English as a second language. As punjabi is the common language of Africa, africans gradually began to explore the African market over time and began to learn punjabi.

In terms of the proportion of total language use, the proportion of Bengali has been decreasing continuously in the past 50 years, which has been kicked out of the top 10 languages and replaced by German. The reason is analyzed, and we believe that the number of German is higher due to the strong demand of German industrial production, good economic situation and positive attitude of the market.

Overall, European languages have been languishing, possibly because of Europe's low birth rate associated with an aging society.

In our analysis, we considered independent of the government, schools, social pressure influence on language, at the same time testing the birth rate and mortality rates change over time of three conditions: population growth, population constant, population growth, in the short term and the medium to longer term take different demographic change pattern, enables us to determine the factors underlying language change, analyze the practical significance of the language change to better improve our model, at the same time, we got the following qualitative conclusions.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。