Unrest in China from 1911 to 1949

下面51due教员组为大家整理一篇优秀的代写范文- Unrest in China from 1911 to 1949，供大家参考学习。这篇文章讲述的是自鸦片战争迫使中国对外开放以来，中国经历了经济，政治和社会变革的浪潮。尽管清朝是中国历史上最后一个帝国统治者，但它仍在尝试执行政策以恢复其权力并增强其统治地位。原来是徒劳的。如果我们以历史观点来评估这种情况，自然可以得出这样的结论：在这种王朝之前存在的只是死亡。当时，这是不可阻挡的趋势。

Unrest in China from 1911 to 1949
Since the Opium War forcibly opened China to the outside world, China went through waves of changes economically, politically and socially. Even though Qing dynasty, the last imperial ruler in China’ s history, made an attempt to implement policies in order to retrieve its power and reinforce its dominance. It turned out to be in vain. If we take stock of that situation with a historical view, it is natural to conclude that what laid ahead of such dynasty only was death. It was an irresistible trend then.
The Revolution of 1911, led by Sun Yat-sen, successfully overthrew the dying Qing ruling court. Wuhan province, the center city based on which this revolution started off, brought about a host of upheavals as an origin place that predicted the further great transformation of China. This revolution, however, was a product of Sun Yat-sen’ s repeated attempts and by no means went on smoothly. Sun Yat-sen, before launching the Revolution of 1911, tried to launch reforms or modernize political regime. When he was let down by stubborn feudal rulers, he awoke to that revolution must proceed through violence and military. Although his move came up against repeated obstacles and frustrations with sacrifices, the first success came in the city of Wuchang, marking the death of Qing court. On the other hand, It is well-recognized that the Revolution of 1911 actually began in 1894 when Hsing Chung Hui was founded. This means the Revolution of 1911 was not an abrupt event but the result of long-time efforts. The Revolution was consistent with the historical trend. This is because the dominance of Qing court couldn’t hold any longer, which could be seen as the biggest factor that triggered that revolutionary event that signaled an end to a corrupted, dying dynasty and at the same time ushered in a new era for China.
If the objective factor is defined as imperial corruption, the subjective factor that contributed this event must be the deep patriotism of insurgents led by Sun Yat-sen. They defied all difficulties, overcame failures and setbacks, and pushed themselves and persevered in the belief that a new political regime would bring a brighter future for China. Such determination and sacrifice is a part of the success of the revolution.
After that monumental event, China fell apart in two fragments——Warlord China and Treaty-port China. Early on, it was in the charge of warlordism. Yuan shikai, the top political leader who robbed the victory made by Sun Yat-sen, failed to boost economic growth or achieve national independence. Since then, China stumbled into an impoverished, weak stalemate where Chinese people had to shoulder the heavy tax burden in a way to ensure warlords to live a luxury life. That was rather unfair to the mass.
What came as a turning point was the year of 1919, where the society of proletariat took shape in China. That formation gradually developed as a force that was able to fight against Kuomintang. The two major forces——the Communist and Nationalist, called on by Sun Yat-sen, worked together for the task of Northern Expedition. However, the joint efforts failed to go the distance as Sun Yat-sen died in 1925 and Chiang Kai-Shek took over, who harboured great hatred and animosity toward the Communist Party.
Chiang began to take steps to crack down on the Communist Party in a way to consolidate his power. In the ten years from 1927 to 1937, there was continual battles between Nationalists and Communists, making China fall into two antagonistic parts. And the communist party was even forced by the nationalists to start out the Long March. Such domestic war came into end in 1937 when Japan launched massive invasion into China. The two parties had to cease military conflicts and work together again to fight Japanese back. And after the Anti-Japanese War, the two parties slipped into confrontations again. But the whole situation proved to be turned around.
Actually, the communists couldn’t rival the nationalists in troops and weapon as Chiang administration was supported by the USA. Time has proven, however, the communists reaped the final triumph. And the Anti-Japanese War actually acted as a turning point that changed the Chinese society a lot. Having said that, such factor is just a secondary cause, not the primary. The dominant cause for Kuomintang’ s failure is the two sides’ characteristics themselves, which determined the long-term development of them.
At that time, China was a poor country that evolved from a small peasant economy. That means peasants dominated the national population then, with unpredictably huge potential for revolutions. Although the elites or bourgeois took the ruling position, they couldn’ t be on a par with the proletariat in size. The Communist Party has long stayed committed to mass line as the primary principle in work. They gave play to peasants and leveraged on their strengths by ripping land from landlords and redistributing it to the poor. That policy, called as “land reform”, greatly mobilized the initiative and support from the grassroots peasants on a large scale. Therefore, the communists edged out the nationalists in the terms of people’ s will.
And with that, the communists managed to go beyond their circumstances and came to power in 1949, with Mao Zedong as the President, who was a brilliant strategist. He is an influential leader to China who transformed this country and has deep affection about Chinese people, particularly the poorest ones. After the new government formally took office in 1949, Mao administration rolled out a host of policies to boost economic growth and reinforce its dominance including reconstruction and growth, Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution until President Mao died in 1976, when the Chinese nation suffered from destitute, famine and chaos.
In 1978, China’ s economic picture began to turn around thanks to economic reforms called for by Deng Xiaoping, who put market as the biggest driver for economic growth. China implemented the policy of household contract system in a bid to decollectivize rural areas. It also opened up to the outside world through exports and foreign investment and encouraged rural people to find a job or even relocate in urban areas. That move successfully reduced the number of poor people from 250 million in 1978 to 30 million in 2005. And this figure is on the decline right now.
Nowadays, China has risen up to the second largest economy in the world by virtue of the policy of reform and opening-up. Such being the case, it is beset with many challenges today like smog, social inequalities, rampant corruption and regional disparities. But all those problems come natural for they plague other fast-growing economies as well and China is not different.
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