「ダイジョブなのよ、心配ないのよ、国家の安全と市民の皆様のタメなのよ、香港は一国二制度なのよ」
ト、董のオヤジが声明を出してます。ウッ余計不安。
【英語版】CE's statement
http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200209/24/0924173.htm
【中国語版】行政長官談話内容
http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200209/24/0924165.htm
Today the Executive Council has decided that the consultation document on the proposals to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law be issued for public consultation.
剛才行政會議已經作出了決定,就實施《基本法》第二十三條進行諮詢。
The consultation document was drawn up after detailed study and taking into account views expressed by different sectors of the community. In other words, it is a thoroughly well-considered document.
這[イ分]諮詢文件是我們經過長時期的反覆研究,廣泛收集社會各方面的意見後所作出的決定,是一個集思廣益的成果。
Article 23 of the Basic Law stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to protect national security.
《基本法》第二十三條要求特區政府為國家安全自行立法。
It is thus our duty to proceed with the enactment of the legislation.
我們是有這個責任立法的。
In fact, it is the community's collective duty to protect national security.
事實上,立法維護國家安全是大家的共同責任。
In this regard, I wish to stress that the fulfilment of our duty to protect national security is the foundation for our successful implementation of " One Country, Two Systems".
我要特別指出,我們切實履行維護國家安全的責任,是「一國兩制,港人治港」成功落實的基石。
What we are proposing is to enact law on the basis of the existing legislation and the common law system.
我們的建議,是在現有的法律和普通法的基礎上立法。
The proposals are fully consistent with the Basic Law, the Human Rights Ordinance and the two international covenants (ICCPR) (ICESCR) as applied to Hong Kong.
這些建議是完全符合基本法、人權法,和適用於香港的兩條國際人權公約。
I wish to emphasize our proposals would not undermine, would not undermine in anyway, the existing human rights, civil liberties enjoyed by the people of Hong Kong. Nor would our existing way of life be affected in anyway.
我想強調,特區政府提出的建議,是絶對不會減少香港市民現時所享有的自由和人權,亦絶對不會影響我們現有的生活方式。
Human rights and civil liberties are the pillars of our success. I will protect them.
人權和自由是香港以成功的支柱,我有責任維護這個支柱。
In drawing up our proposals for the legislation, we have in fact compared them with similar laws in many western countries.
我們已經將我們的建議,與其他西方國家類似的法律作過比較。
I find our proposals both liberal and reasonable.
我認為我們的建議是鬆和合理的。
This afternoon, our Secretary for Security, Mrs Ip and colleagues from the Department of Justice will be holding a news conference to explain in greater detail about our proposals. I encourage the public to speak up on this consultation.
今天稍後,保安局葉局長和律政司的同事會舉行記者會,詳細介紹我們的建議,我鼓勵所有的市民積極發表意見。多謝各位。
Thank you very much.
多謝各位。
End/Tuesday, September 24, 2002
完
二○○二年九月二十四日(星期二)
【基礎知識】基本法第23条、とは。
まだ香港ちゃんがチューゴクに返還される遥か昔、イギリスのおじさま達の抵抗もムナしくそのまま通ってしまった“中共の起爆剤”の一つと言えるでしょう。もっともオウム一発で破防法通したりヨソの国のテロ一発で自衛隊法改正ほかモロモロ通っちゃったりする国より、自覚と抵抗力があるだけマシかも。
中
英
日
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 基本法
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和国香港特別行政区 基本法
第二章:中央和香港特別行政區的關係
Chapter II: Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
第二章:中央および香港特別行政区の関係
第二十三條
香港特別行政區應自行立法禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆中央人民政府及竊取國家機密的行為,禁止外國的政治性組織或團體在香港特別行政區進行政治活動,禁止香港特別行政區的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繋。
Article 23
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
第二十三条
香港特別行政区は反逆、国家分裂、反乱煽動、中央人民政府転覆、国家機密窃取のいかなる行為をも禁止し、外国の政治的組織または団体の香港特別行政区における政治活動を禁止し、香港特別行政区の政治的組織または団体の、外国の政治的組織または団体との関係樹立を禁止する法律を自ら制定しなくてはならない。
(日本語訳:劉清泉『香港特別行政区基本法いろは』より)
ト、董のオヤジが声明を出してます。ウッ余計不安。
【英語版】CE's statement
http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200209/24/0924173.htm
【中国語版】行政長官談話内容
http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200209/24/0924165.htm
Today the Executive Council has decided that the consultation document on the proposals to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law be issued for public consultation.
剛才行政會議已經作出了決定,就實施《基本法》第二十三條進行諮詢。
The consultation document was drawn up after detailed study and taking into account views expressed by different sectors of the community. In other words, it is a thoroughly well-considered document.
這[イ分]諮詢文件是我們經過長時期的反覆研究,廣泛收集社會各方面的意見後所作出的決定,是一個集思廣益的成果。
Article 23 of the Basic Law stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to protect national security.
《基本法》第二十三條要求特區政府為國家安全自行立法。
It is thus our duty to proceed with the enactment of the legislation.
我們是有這個責任立法的。
In fact, it is the community's collective duty to protect national security.
事實上,立法維護國家安全是大家的共同責任。
In this regard, I wish to stress that the fulfilment of our duty to protect national security is the foundation for our successful implementation of " One Country, Two Systems".
我要特別指出,我們切實履行維護國家安全的責任,是「一國兩制,港人治港」成功落實的基石。
What we are proposing is to enact law on the basis of the existing legislation and the common law system.
我們的建議,是在現有的法律和普通法的基礎上立法。
The proposals are fully consistent with the Basic Law, the Human Rights Ordinance and the two international covenants (ICCPR) (ICESCR) as applied to Hong Kong.
這些建議是完全符合基本法、人權法,和適用於香港的兩條國際人權公約。
I wish to emphasize our proposals would not undermine, would not undermine in anyway, the existing human rights, civil liberties enjoyed by the people of Hong Kong. Nor would our existing way of life be affected in anyway.
我想強調,特區政府提出的建議,是絶對不會減少香港市民現時所享有的自由和人權,亦絶對不會影響我們現有的生活方式。
Human rights and civil liberties are the pillars of our success. I will protect them.
人權和自由是香港以成功的支柱,我有責任維護這個支柱。
In drawing up our proposals for the legislation, we have in fact compared them with similar laws in many western countries.
我們已經將我們的建議,與其他西方國家類似的法律作過比較。
I find our proposals both liberal and reasonable.
我認為我們的建議是鬆和合理的。
This afternoon, our Secretary for Security, Mrs Ip and colleagues from the Department of Justice will be holding a news conference to explain in greater detail about our proposals. I encourage the public to speak up on this consultation.
今天稍後,保安局葉局長和律政司的同事會舉行記者會,詳細介紹我們的建議,我鼓勵所有的市民積極發表意見。多謝各位。
Thank you very much.
多謝各位。
End/Tuesday, September 24, 2002
完
二○○二年九月二十四日(星期二)
まだ香港ちゃんがチューゴクに返還される遥か昔、イギリスのおじさま達の抵抗もムナしくそのまま通ってしまった“中共の起爆剤”の一つと言えるでしょう。もっともオウム一発で破防法通したりヨソの国のテロ一発で自衛隊法改正ほかモロモロ通っちゃったりする国より、自覚と抵抗力があるだけマシかも。
中
英
日
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 基本法
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和国香港特別行政区 基本法
第二章:中央和香港特別行政區的關係
Chapter II: Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
第二章:中央および香港特別行政区の関係
第二十三條
香港特別行政區應自行立法禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆中央人民政府及竊取國家機密的行為,禁止外國的政治性組織或團體在香港特別行政區進行政治活動,禁止香港特別行政區的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繋。
Article 23
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
第二十三条
香港特別行政区は反逆、国家分裂、反乱煽動、中央人民政府転覆、国家機密窃取のいかなる行為をも禁止し、外国の政治的組織または団体の香港特別行政区における政治活動を禁止し、香港特別行政区の政治的組織または団体の、外国の政治的組織または団体との関係樹立を禁止する法律を自ら制定しなくてはならない。
(日本語訳:劉清泉『香港特別行政区基本法いろは』より)
foxnews@freeml.com/0000260" rel="nofollow" target=_blank>http://www.freeml.com/message/foxnews@freeml.com/0000260
基本法23条 「中共メディア」関連速報一覧
香港は香港で、場所で区分しようと思ったけど...ヨソ様が見て「全部香港の報道」と言われて終わりになるとイヤなので、厳然と区別してやる、厳然と。
【今日の簡単な算数】
「香港の普通メディアの報道」-「中共メディアの報道」=「問題の部分」
---
(時刻は全て北京時間)
■新華網
香港特區政府公[イ布]《實施基本法第23條諮詢文件》(19:58)
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2002-09/24/content_573579.htm
葉劉淑儀[金表]示:香港特區有責任實施基本法第23條(19:59)
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2002-09/24/content_573580.htm
董建華強調立法維護國家安全是香港特區的責任(19:59)
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2002-09/24/content_573581.htm
香港特區就實施基本法第23條進行公衆諮詢(20:24)
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2002-09/24/content_573602.htm
香港社會團體和各界人士表示支援實施基本法第23條(21:42)
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2002-09/24/content_573672.htm
■人民網
香港多位知名人士:《基本法》23條立法正當其時(14:05)
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/18/21/20020924/830036.html
董建華:立法維護國家安全是香港的共同責任(19:12)
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/18/21/20020924/830351.html
香港公布實施《基本法》第23條咨詢文件(19:14)
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/18/21/20020924/830353.html
葉劉淑儀詳細闡釋特區政府提出的立法建議(19:14)
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/18/21/20020924/830354.html
香港社團和各界人士表示支持基本法第23條(21:58)
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/18/21/20020924/830389.html
■文匯報(香港)
港聞/特首保證第23條立法不會減少港人自由(15:25)
http://www.wwpnews.net/article1.phtml?news_id=IN0209240043&cat=000IN
港聞/政府公布基本法第23條立法諮詢文件(15:31)
http://www.wwpnews.net/article1.phtml?news_id=IN0209240044&cat=000IN
中國/落實《基本法》符合香港及國家整體利益(16:50)
http://www.wwpnews.net/article1.phtml?news_id=IN0209240056&cat=000IN
「反逆、国家分裂、反乱煽動、中央人民政府転覆、国家機密窃取のいかなる行為をも禁止」
って、当たり前ですよね?
欺瞞的自由主義ほどは性質が悪くはない。
> 「香港の普通メディアの報道」-「中共メディアの報道」=「問題の部分」
ってことは、
「香港の普通メディアの報道」の玉石混交の情報から
「問題の部分」を拾い出す為に、「中共メディアの報道」は極めて有用と言うことですね?
これは、情報理論的に見れば、とても価値有る情報です。
> 「反逆、国家分裂、反乱煽動、中央人民政府転覆、国家機密窃取のいかなる行為をも禁止」
> って、当たり前ですよね?
> 欺瞞的自由主義ほどは性質が悪くはない。
それはヘーワな島国の話。
何しろ香港には「全人代常務委員会の“解釈権”」なんてモノまである。
ホッておいたら、好きなだけ拡大解釈される、アノ国では、国(党だが)に都合の悪い事は、それはもーこういう時だけは“自由に”解釈、適用しておるのです。冗談じゃねえ。
(本来ならヘーワな島国も心配すべき事柄だが)
>> 「香港の普通メディアの報道」-「中共メディアの報道」=「問題の部分」
>
> ってことは、
> 「香港の普通メディアの報道」の玉石混交の情報から
> 「問題の部分」を拾い出す為に、「中共メディアの報道」は極めて有用と言うことですね?
そもそも、人民日報を筆頭に、中共機関紙、中共系メディアというのは
何が書いてあるか
ではなく
何が書いてないか
を見るものだから。
>> 「反逆、国家分裂、反乱煽動、中央人民政府転覆、国家機密窃取のいかなる行為をも禁止」
>> って、当たり前ですよね?
>> 欺瞞的自由主義ほどは性質が悪くはない。
>
> それはヘーワな島国の話。
>
> 何しろ香港には「全人代常務委員会の“解釈権”」なんてモノまである。
「解釈権」か!
それ、いただき!
それさえ貰えりゃ、立法権なんて、馬鹿な国民に委ねたって大丈夫。
> しておるのです。冗談じゃねえ。
この島国では、冗談がまかり通っているから、
やっぱりヘーワなんだよなぁ!
昭和の2文字目と平成の1文字目を繋いで、平和。
> (本来ならヘーワな島国も心配すべき事柄だが)
皆が、自分たちは豊かで平和な国に済んでいると思うことが恐い。
***台湾
(時刻は全て台湾時間)
■中央社
董建華重申香港必須立法限制顛覆及叛國活動(17:10)
http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200209/200209241730255.html
中共支持香港就叛國罪立法港人自由將受影響(18:08)
http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200209/200209241840297.html
香港公布基本法第二十三條立法諮詢文件(19:39)
http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200209/200209241950386.html
港新聞團體指基本法二十三條限制新聞自由(19:49)
http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200209/200209242000394.html
■東森新聞報
香港基本法第23條立法 港公民權利成焦點(15:08)
http://www.ettoday.com/2002/09/24/163-1355145.htm
香港討論基本法立法 是否支持台獨公投引發疑慮(15:11)
http://www.ettoday.com/2002/09/24/163-1355113.htm
港府公[イ布]基本法諮詢文件明訂7宗罪 台獨法輪功都入列(21:18)
http://www.ettoday.com/2002/09/24/303-1355381.htm
■中時電子報
中共支持香港就叛國罪立法 港人自由將受影響(18:41)
http://news.chinatimes.com/Chinatimes/newslist/newslist-content/0,3546,110109+112002092400727,00.html
***イギリス
(時刻はグリニッジ標準時)
■BBC
HK unveils anti-subversion law plan(09:36GMT)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2277944.stm
***その他
■多維新聞網
(時刻は京港台時間)
香港23條立法諮詢文件料在24日通過(03:51)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/Mon_Sep_23_14_51_21_2002.htm
李嘉誠:23條立法無礙投資(05:45)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/Mon_Sep_23_17_45_50_2002.html
名流李嘉誠支持香港就基本法二十三條進行立法(07:39)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/cna-225829.html
香港行政會議今討論基本法第23條立法咨詢文件(09:27)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/cna-225888.html
香港討論基本法是否支持台獨公投引發疑慮(18:30)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/Tue_Sep_24_05_30_08_2002.htm
董建華強調立法維護國家安全是香港特區的責任(19:09)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/092420020652L:197065100.htm
香港特區政府公布《實施基本法第23條咨詢文件》(19:09)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/092420020645L:197061505.htm
葉劉淑儀表示,香港特區有責任實施基本法第23條(19:36)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/092420020711L:197074860.htm
多維快訊:香港法輪功擔心第23條立法影響活動空間(21:30)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/Tue_Sep_24_09_30_32_2002.html
香港公布實施備受關注的基本法第23條咨詢文件(21:36)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/cna-226256.html
香港社會團體和各界人士表示支持實施基本法第23條(22:03)
http://www2.chinesenewsnet.com/cgi-bin/newsfetch.cgi?unidoc=big5&src=SinoNews/Hongkong/092420020936L:197149358.htm
23條擬撤藏煽動刊物罪
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301280743gb20743y
董建華將就23條發表談話
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281155gb21155y
政府下午公布23條諮詢結果
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281225gb21225y
董:刪除管有煽動刊物條文
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281346gb21346y
基本法第23條/港府行政會議可望讓歩出版品的煽動罪
http://www.ettoday.com/2003/01/28/163-1406722.htm
港府稱基本法23條立法不影響傳媒運作
http://news.yam.com/cna/china/news/200301/200301270412.html
呉靄儀指23條有「好的改動」
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281441gb21441y
董建華談基本法23條立法
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281454gb21454y
政府就23條提連串修改建議
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281637gb21639a
葉劉:八成意見沒提藍紙白紙
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281701gb21708a
葉太否認有讓歩只是澄清
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281713gb21713c
政府歸納意見 支持立法
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281716gb21716a
多名富豪挺港府就23條立法
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281751gb21751a
新聞行政人員歡迎政府修改
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281800gb21800c
民主黨指修訂建議僅屬輕微
http://www.mpinews.com/content.cfm?newsid=200301281809gb21809c
香港治安立法:出版物による扇動罪取り消しへ 董長官表明
(毎日 2003.01.28 19:10JST)
http://www.mainichi.co.jp/news/selection/archive/200301/28/20030129k0000m030050000c.html
http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200301/28/0128198.htm
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The Government has studied carefully each and every submission received during the public consultation exercise on proposals to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law, the Secretary for Security, Mrs Regina Ip, said today (January 28).
\"We have received a total of 97 097 local submissions, involving 340 513 signatures. They are classified into four categories, namely submissions from organizations, and from individuals, and submissions in the form of standard letters/pre-printed opinion forms and signature forms.
\"As members of the public are free to express their views, the format and content of the submissions are highly diversified. In compiling the submissions, we have tried to identify and collate the views received in as objective and comprehensive a manner as possible,\" Mrs Ip said.
\"Out of each of the four categories of submissions, we have identified the general inclination into three types: those who support legislating on Article 23 or proposals in the consultation document (Category A); those who oppose legislating or the proposals (Category B); and those who did not give explicit views supporting or opposing legislating or the proposals (Category C).
\"We have also tried to find out from the submissions whether the writer explicitly supports a blue bill or requests a white bill,\" Mrs Ip said.
Among the 1 067 submissions from organizations, 86.7% come under Category A, 6.1% under Category B and 7.2% under Category C. While 10.8% of them support a blue bill, 5.6% request a white bill. And 83.6% have not indicated any preference.
Of the 5 157 individual submissions, involving 8 394 signatures, 56% come under Category A, 27.7% under Category B and 16.3% under Category C. Among them, 6.8% support a blue bill and 15.1% ask for a white bill. And 78.1% have not indicated any preference.
Mrs Ip noted that many of the submissions were in the format of standard letters or pre-printed opinion forms.
\"In total, we have found more than 400 versions of standard letters,\" she said.
Among the 81 027 standard letters, involving 85 987 signatures, 76.3% come under Category A, 20% under Category B and 3.7% under Category C. Of these submissions, 6.9% support a blue bill and 6.2% request a white bill. And 86.9% have not indicated any preference.
In total, there were 9 846 submissions in the format of signature forms, involving 246 132 signatures. Among them, 25.5% come under Category A, 72.2% under Category B and 2.3% under Category C. While 0.5% support a blue bill, 2.8% ask for a white bill. And 96.4% have not indicated any preference.
\"No matter what stand the writer takes in making his or her submission, we study each view seriously and carefully,\" Mrs Ip said.
Mrs Ip stressed that the Government fully recognized the factors underpinning Hong Kong\'s success.
\"The \"One Country, Two Systems\" principle and the rights and liberties enjoyed by Hong Kong residents are the foundations of our success and continued development. There is no question of us eroding the very cornerstone of our success,\" she said.
Having taken into account the views expressed, the Government would further clarify the proposals in order to put beyond doubt the intention and determination of the Government to implement Article 23 of the Basic Law, in full compliance with the provisions of the Basic Law, including those safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms in Hong Kong, Mrs Ip said.
1. More precise definitions and clearer concepts
The definitions in the provisions would be more clearly defined, including -
*clearly define "war" in the treason offence as actual war or armed conflicts. The same concept will be adopted in the reference to "secession" and "subversion" offences.
*delete the reference to "threat of force" in the secession and subversion offences;
*delete the reference to "resisting the exercise of sovereignty" in the secession offence;
2. Abolition of the offence of misprision of treason
The common law offence of misprision of treason will be abolished, and no new statutory offence will be created.
3. Abolition of the offence of possession of seditious publications
The offence of possession of seditious publications will be abolished.
In relation to the offence of dealing with seditious publications (such as printing, publishing or selling such publications), the prosecution will have to prove beyond reasonable doubt the intention of the person concerned to incite others to commit the offence of treason, secession or subversion.
4. Clearer definition of "Unauthorised Access" in offence relating to unauthorised disclosure of protected information
The definition of "unauthorized access" to protected information will be strictly limited to access through criminal means such as theft, robbery, burglary, hacking or bribery.
5. Clear definition of information relating to the Central Authorities and the HKSAR
Regarding the protection of information relating to "relations between the Central Authorities and the HKSAR", the information protected will be confined to information on matters concerning the HKSAR that are within the responsibility of the Central Authorities under the Basic Law. Moreover, disclosure of such information will constitute an offence only if it is damaging to the interests of national security.