下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The new system of doctoral education in the UK，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的新制博士生教育。新制博士生教育是英国博士生教育应对市场化和国际化的产物，由英国顶尖研究型大学开设，涵盖4大学科120多个不同专业。其入学条件与英国传统哲学博士生的入学条件相同，新制博士生教育在培养内容上将所学专业的正式课程学习、广泛领域的研究和专业技能培养与具体的论文研究相结合，在指导方式上将哲学博士生教育的个别指导与专业博士生教育的合作指导相结合，使博士生教育从传统的纯学术性走向兼顾学术性和职业性。
The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of doctoral education in the UK. It is opened by the top research universities in the UK and covers more than 120 different majors in 4 disciplines. Its entrance requirements and the traditional philosophy doctoral admission conditions the same, the new system of doctoral education in training content, general formal professional courses, widely in the field of research and professional skills combined with a specific research, doctoral education in guiding way philosophy of individual guidance cooperation with professional doctoral education guidance, the combination of the doctoral education from traditional purely academic to both academic and professional.
In recent years, the development of doctoral education in Britain is characterized by the emergence and development of new doctoral education programs. Influenced by American doctoral education, in response to the knowledge economy, competition in the market and put forward the New challenges, make up for the lack of traditional PhD vocational skills training, the doctoral education on the basis of the traditional PhD, has derived the Professional Doctorate, be Doctorate and PhD by Published Work, the Practice - -based Doctorate, New Route PhD types, such as training goal from a single industry for academic to Professional differentiation.
In the 1990s, the education of doctoral students in traditional philosophy in Britain was challenged in many aspects. First, the practicality of doctoral degrees was questioned, and employers believed that doctoral graduates did not have the skills needed for long-term career development. Second, the financial difficulties faced by British universities in the 1980s and 1990s, and the subsequent reduction of university teaching positions, led to the reduction of academic career opportunities for PhD graduates. Third, the graduation rate of doctor of philosophy is often unsatisfactory, which leads people to rethink the cultivation mode and purpose of doctor of philosophy. Fourth, for emerging disciplines, especially professional fields, the traditional doctor of philosophy is not applicable; Fifth, the increasing demand for part-time study requires the training mode of doctoral education to be more flexible. In 1993, the British government in Realising our Potential: A Strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology, the white paper points out that in doctoral education occupies A large proportion of the in public finance funds, should make the financial investment value, can not only satisfy the interests of taxpayers, also can meet the demand of doctoral student personal development.
In 2000, the committee for higher education funding in England summarized the characteristics of doctoral education in the United States. Second, to equip students with important general skills; Third, developing team cooperation; Fourth, regular formal evaluation; Fifth, pay attention to the cultivation of research ability; Sixth, carry out research projects, and then complete the dissertation on this basis. This is in sharp contrast to the British PhD's focus on the academic research required to develop a purely academic career. Accordingly, the higher education funding council for England has begun to reflect on the future of doctoral education in the United Kingdom, proposing to redefine the curriculum of doctoral education, add clear training content, and broaden the skills and knowledge of doctoral students.
In 2001, with the full support of the British government, the higher education funding Council of England and the British Council, 10 leading research universities in the UK launched the new doctoral education program. The new system of doctoral education conforms to the standards and principles for doctoral education formulated by the UK higher education quality assurance agency.
The new system doctor and the traditional doctor of philosophy belong to the same degree, is an educational choice. The new system of doctoral education is not to replace the traditional philosophy doctoral education, but to inherit and discard the traditional philosophy doctoral education and professional doctoral education. It preserves the traditional philosophy doctoral education pays great attention to academic research ability and professional doctoral education emphasizes the characteristics of the vocational skills training, by increasing the general skills and teaching methods of training, to overcome the traditional philosophy of doctoral education due to the lack of professional skills and professional doctoral education doctoral student employment due to excessive specialized skill training of single directivity, Dr New system capable of university teaching, enterprise management, the government and the public service, etc.
The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of the doctoral education in the UK. It is opened by the top research universities in the UK and covers more than 120 different majors in 4 disciplines, providing diversified employment and career development options for doctoral graduates.
The new system aims at cultivating innovative talents engaged in management and applied research in universities, enterprises, governments and public service institutions. It is not only suitable for students who are committed to pursuing an academic career, but also suitable for students who want to develop into enterprises or industrial fields. New system of doctoral education graduates are independent researchers, have corresponding personal ability and transferable skills: profound specialized knowledge, broad discipline knowledge, teaching skills, teamwork, problem solving and communication skills, information technology application ability, expression ability, the ability to relate to media, business methods and management ability, intellectual property rights consciousness and ability, technology transfer ability, the ability to create derivative company, high-tech company, etc.
The new PhD system is a milestone in the provision of quality education in the UK in terms of students' research experience, the reputation of the institution awarded and the value of the degree. The new system of doctoral education is offered by Britain's top research universities. In 2003, the school was expanded to 34 top research universities.
The new system of doctoral education in Britain's top research universities offers subjects including arts, humanities, language, economics, social sciences, medicine, engineering, science and technology, covering more than 120 majors. Among them, the engineering, science and technology disciplines and their subordinate majors offer the most new doctoral education programs, followed by the economic, social sciences and arts, humanities, language disciplines and their subordinate majors.
The new ph. d. education system is a national program in the United Kingdom that aims to equip ph. d. students with the abilities and qualities required of leaders of universities, enterprises, governments and public service institutions. To this end, the new system of doctoral education provides high-quality learning courses, practical learning and advanced research experience, which not only enriches students' disciplinary knowledge and improves their professional skills, but also expands students' professional expertise in new research directions by carrying out interdisciplinary learning. To be specific, the new system of doctoral education has the following characteristics in terms of admission standards, length of schooling and curriculum setting, mentor guidance and other aspects of talent training process.
The new system of doctoral education provides students with a "fast track" to obtain a doctor's degree. For students with a master's degree, the new ph. d. program will expand and further develop their specialty and transferable general skills.
The new system of doctoral students and British traditional philosophy doctoral admission conditions are the same, mainly including academic level and English language level two aspects. Like philosophy doctoral education, the new system of doctoral education programs in all disciplines and disciplines is open to students in the UK and around the world, but at present, it is mainly open to international students, providing international students with a new path to a doctoral degree, equipped with research ability, other skills and broad subject knowledge.
Doctoral education is a new system of Britain in response to the rapidly expanding global talent market puts forward new requirements to PhD graduates knowledge and skills, the top university doctoral education in the United States as the reference standard, eductional systme is four years, will be the major research in the field of formal courses, comprehensive and professional skills combined with a specific research papers. Usually, course study accounts for 40%, professional skills training and writing graduation thesis accounts for 60%. Bachelor degree holders can study the new doctoral education program, and the courses are the master courses of related majors. If a doctoral dissertation is not written, a student may complete a master's thesis with lower requirements and obtain a master's degree only.
The course learning is mainly arranged in the first year, and the proportion of teaching time in the remaining three years decreases year by year. The development of professional skills includes two aspects: specialized skills and transferable general ability, which are mainly arranged in the first year and the second year, but also involved in the third year and the fourth year. Thesis research runs through the whole process of doctoral education under the new system. It can be found that in the early stage of doctoral education under the new system, curriculum learning is emphasized. As the grade increases, students spend more time on research. By the fourth year, students spend most of their time on research and writing dissertation. The cultivation mode of new doctoral education is similar to that of North America, but different from that of North America. Unlike the north American model, which places the entire curriculum in the early stages of doctoral education, it will be taught throughout the entire doctoral period.
For example, in brunel university, the academic research requirements of the new PhD system are the same as that of the traditional PhD, and scientific research training runs through the whole process of doctoral education. The course content includes two parts, general skills and professional skills training of specific disciplines, totaling 120 credits. The course learning is mainly carried out in the first three years, providing students with knowledge and ability basis for academic research. All new PhD students are required to take five modules for general skills development, while the modules for professional skills development show disciplinary differences.
New system of doctoral education and take the traditional philosophy of doctoral education "apprenticeship" individual instruction and the characteristics of professional doctoral education cooperation guidance, on the basis of cooperation guidance retained the PhD "tutorial system" intimate guidance teachers and students relations, will be one to one group of academic guidance and instruction, and the combination of lecture and tutor. During the whole period of doctoral education, the university sets up tutor guidance groups for new doctoral candidates, provides Suggestions for students' research projects, monitors students' learning process and grades, and provides constructive feedback on a regular basis. Doctoral dissertation defense adopts the traditional form of defense team composed of internal and external experts, and students conduct oral defense to pass.
In the new doctoral education program of the University of Derby, the school provides each new doctoral student with two supervisors, one is the Director of Studies and the other is the econd Supervisor. Both of them provide academic guidance to students in the process of thesis research. The two tutors meet and guide the students individually or together on a regular basis. The responsible tutor is the primary person in charge of the doctoral candidate's academic research, who is responsible for supervising the progress of students' course learning and research work, and providing positive academic and life help for students. A second tutor is usually responsible for providing supplementary guidance and assistance to students in their academic research.
In brunel university, each new system is equipped with two Academic Supervisor and a Programme Coach, mainly responsible for the Academic advisors to student's Academic research, support and supervision work of student Academic research, project manager, after consultation with the Academic advisor throughout the doctoral education stage for the new system of doctoral courses and support the general skills training. Specifically, the responsibility of an academic tutor is to guide students on the nature and expected objectives of the research, the plan of the research project, literature and data sources, course learning, necessary methodology, paradigm issues, etc. Regular contact and discussion with students through regular mentoring and seminars; When the student has the need, can in time appointment or the arrangement other tutor appointment student, provides the suggestion and the help; To give detailed Suggestions on students' thesis research, so that students can submit the dissertation within the specified time; To make constructive comments on students' thesis research within a reasonable period of time; According to the regulations of our school, we will hold regular mentor meetings and organize students to report on their study and research in the seminars or mentor meetings. Through the annual report, find the problems and shortcomings of students' papers; Provide guidance for students to pass the thesis defense; Provide advice and support to students in other aspects of their development. The role of the program coach is to encourage students to review and reflect on their own progress and personal development throughout the doctoral education. Provide assistance to all questions raised by students, and provide professional guidance and assistance to students' personal ability development in the research process; Help students identify learning needs and explore solutions; To help students understand the uniqueness of the new system of doctoral education, and to encourage students to cooperate constructively with academic tutors to determine the learning requirements needed to carry out a particular research.
The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of doctoral education in the UK, which provides diversified employment and career development options for doctoral graduates. The new system of doctoral education can choose to engage in teaching work in the academic world, or to engage in research, management and other work in non-academic fields. , Britain's new system of doctoral education is trying to avoid in recent years, the cultivation of the doctoral education content and the disadvantages of the disconnect between the demand of the Labour market, by increasing the gm's course learning and transferable skills training, widen the knowledge of doctoral students and employment path, the doctoral education from traditional purely academic to both academic and professional, in response to the knowledge society for high quality PhD graduates increasing demand.
To sum up, it can be found that the differences between the new-system doctoral education and the philosophy doctoral education and the professional doctoral education are not only reflected in the name, but also in the internal differences of the training objectives, design and mode. In the doctoral education in China, both the academic doctoral degree and the professional doctoral degree are faced with problems such as narrow scope of knowledge and lack of general skills. Although the institutions of higher learning and scientific research units is still the main channel of doctoral student employment in our country, but increasingly diversified doctoral student employment has become an international trend, in order to promote the international competitiveness of China's doctoral education, meet the needs of the unit of choose and employ persons to human senior specialized talents and doctoral student personal development needs, doctoral education in our country should further strengthen the connotation construction, in the process of the cultivation of the doctoral students increased interdisciplinary study and general skills, for doctoral students in both the academic and non academic employment after graduation and a career success to lay the solid foundation of knowledge and ability.
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The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of doctoral education in the UK. It is opened by the top research universities in the UK and covers more than 120 different majors in 4 disciplines. Its entrance requirements and the traditional philosophy doctoral admission conditions the same, the new system of doctoral education in training content, general formal professional courses, widely in the field of research and professional skills combined with a specific research, doctoral education in guiding way philosophy of individual guidance cooperation with professional doctoral education guidance, the combination of the doctoral education from traditional purely academic to both academic and professional.
In recent years, the development of doctoral education in Britain is characterized by the emergence and development of new doctoral education programs. Influenced by American doctoral education, in response to the knowledge economy, competition in the market and put forward the New challenges, make up for the lack of traditional PhD vocational skills training, the doctoral education on the basis of the traditional PhD, has derived the Professional Doctorate, be Doctorate and PhD by Published Work, the Practice - -based Doctorate, New Route PhD types, such as training goal from a single industry for academic to Professional differentiation.
In the 1990s, the education of doctoral students in traditional philosophy in Britain was challenged in many aspects. First, the practicality of doctoral degrees was questioned, and employers believed that doctoral graduates did not have the skills needed for long-term career development. Second, the financial difficulties faced by British universities in the 1980s and 1990s, and the subsequent reduction of university teaching positions, led to the reduction of academic career opportunities for PhD graduates. Third, the graduation rate of doctor of philosophy is often unsatisfactory, which leads people to rethink the cultivation mode and purpose of doctor of philosophy. Fourth, for emerging disciplines, especially professional fields, the traditional doctor of philosophy is not applicable; Fifth, the increasing demand for part-time study requires the training mode of doctoral education to be more flexible. In 1993, the British government in Realising our Potential: A Strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology, the white paper points out that in doctoral education occupies A large proportion of the in public finance funds, should make the financial investment value, can not only satisfy the interests of taxpayers, also can meet the demand of doctoral student personal development.
In 2000, the committee for higher education funding in England summarized the characteristics of doctoral education in the United States. Second, to equip students with important general skills; Third, developing team cooperation; Fourth, regular formal evaluation; Fifth, pay attention to the cultivation of research ability; Sixth, carry out research projects, and then complete the dissertation on this basis. This is in sharp contrast to the British PhD's focus on the academic research required to develop a purely academic career. Accordingly, the higher education funding council for England has begun to reflect on the future of doctoral education in the United Kingdom, proposing to redefine the curriculum of doctoral education, add clear training content, and broaden the skills and knowledge of doctoral students.
In 2001, with the full support of the British government, the higher education funding Council of England and the British Council, 10 leading research universities in the UK launched the new doctoral education program. The new system of doctoral education conforms to the standards and principles for doctoral education formulated by the UK higher education quality assurance agency.
The new system doctor and the traditional doctor of philosophy belong to the same degree, is an educational choice. The new system of doctoral education is not to replace the traditional philosophy doctoral education, but to inherit and discard the traditional philosophy doctoral education and professional doctoral education. It preserves the traditional philosophy doctoral education pays great attention to academic research ability and professional doctoral education emphasizes the characteristics of the vocational skills training, by increasing the general skills and teaching methods of training, to overcome the traditional philosophy of doctoral education due to the lack of professional skills and professional doctoral education doctoral student employment due to excessive specialized skill training of single directivity, Dr New system capable of university teaching, enterprise management, the government and the public service, etc.
The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of the doctoral education in the UK. It is opened by the top research universities in the UK and covers more than 120 different majors in 4 disciplines, providing diversified employment and career development options for doctoral graduates.
The new system aims at cultivating innovative talents engaged in management and applied research in universities, enterprises, governments and public service institutions. It is not only suitable for students who are committed to pursuing an academic career, but also suitable for students who want to develop into enterprises or industrial fields. New system of doctoral education graduates are independent researchers, have corresponding personal ability and transferable skills: profound specialized knowledge, broad discipline knowledge, teaching skills, teamwork, problem solving and communication skills, information technology application ability, expression ability, the ability to relate to media, business methods and management ability, intellectual property rights consciousness and ability, technology transfer ability, the ability to create derivative company, high-tech company, etc.
The new PhD system is a milestone in the provision of quality education in the UK in terms of students' research experience, the reputation of the institution awarded and the value of the degree. The new system of doctoral education is offered by Britain's top research universities. In 2003, the school was expanded to 34 top research universities.
The new system of doctoral education in Britain's top research universities offers subjects including arts, humanities, language, economics, social sciences, medicine, engineering, science and technology, covering more than 120 majors. Among them, the engineering, science and technology disciplines and their subordinate majors offer the most new doctoral education programs, followed by the economic, social sciences and arts, humanities, language disciplines and their subordinate majors.
The new ph. d. education system is a national program in the United Kingdom that aims to equip ph. d. students with the abilities and qualities required of leaders of universities, enterprises, governments and public service institutions. To this end, the new system of doctoral education provides high-quality learning courses, practical learning and advanced research experience, which not only enriches students' disciplinary knowledge and improves their professional skills, but also expands students' professional expertise in new research directions by carrying out interdisciplinary learning. To be specific, the new system of doctoral education has the following characteristics in terms of admission standards, length of schooling and curriculum setting, mentor guidance and other aspects of talent training process.
The new system of doctoral education provides students with a "fast track" to obtain a doctor's degree. For students with a master's degree, the new ph. d. program will expand and further develop their specialty and transferable general skills.
The new system of doctoral students and British traditional philosophy doctoral admission conditions are the same, mainly including academic level and English language level two aspects. Like philosophy doctoral education, the new system of doctoral education programs in all disciplines and disciplines is open to students in the UK and around the world, but at present, it is mainly open to international students, providing international students with a new path to a doctoral degree, equipped with research ability, other skills and broad subject knowledge.
Doctoral education is a new system of Britain in response to the rapidly expanding global talent market puts forward new requirements to PhD graduates knowledge and skills, the top university doctoral education in the United States as the reference standard, eductional systme is four years, will be the major research in the field of formal courses, comprehensive and professional skills combined with a specific research papers. Usually, course study accounts for 40%, professional skills training and writing graduation thesis accounts for 60%. Bachelor degree holders can study the new doctoral education program, and the courses are the master courses of related majors. If a doctoral dissertation is not written, a student may complete a master's thesis with lower requirements and obtain a master's degree only.
The course learning is mainly arranged in the first year, and the proportion of teaching time in the remaining three years decreases year by year. The development of professional skills includes two aspects: specialized skills and transferable general ability, which are mainly arranged in the first year and the second year, but also involved in the third year and the fourth year. Thesis research runs through the whole process of doctoral education under the new system. It can be found that in the early stage of doctoral education under the new system, curriculum learning is emphasized. As the grade increases, students spend more time on research. By the fourth year, students spend most of their time on research and writing dissertation. The cultivation mode of new doctoral education is similar to that of North America, but different from that of North America. Unlike the north American model, which places the entire curriculum in the early stages of doctoral education, it will be taught throughout the entire doctoral period.
For example, in brunel university, the academic research requirements of the new PhD system are the same as that of the traditional PhD, and scientific research training runs through the whole process of doctoral education. The course content includes two parts, general skills and professional skills training of specific disciplines, totaling 120 credits. The course learning is mainly carried out in the first three years, providing students with knowledge and ability basis for academic research. All new PhD students are required to take five modules for general skills development, while the modules for professional skills development show disciplinary differences.
New system of doctoral education and take the traditional philosophy of doctoral education "apprenticeship" individual instruction and the characteristics of professional doctoral education cooperation guidance, on the basis of cooperation guidance retained the PhD "tutorial system" intimate guidance teachers and students relations, will be one to one group of academic guidance and instruction, and the combination of lecture and tutor. During the whole period of doctoral education, the university sets up tutor guidance groups for new doctoral candidates, provides Suggestions for students' research projects, monitors students' learning process and grades, and provides constructive feedback on a regular basis. Doctoral dissertation defense adopts the traditional form of defense team composed of internal and external experts, and students conduct oral defense to pass.
In the new doctoral education program of the University of Derby, the school provides each new doctoral student with two supervisors, one is the Director of Studies and the other is the econd Supervisor. Both of them provide academic guidance to students in the process of thesis research. The two tutors meet and guide the students individually or together on a regular basis. The responsible tutor is the primary person in charge of the doctoral candidate's academic research, who is responsible for supervising the progress of students' course learning and research work, and providing positive academic and life help for students. A second tutor is usually responsible for providing supplementary guidance and assistance to students in their academic research.
In brunel university, each new system is equipped with two Academic Supervisor and a Programme Coach, mainly responsible for the Academic advisors to student's Academic research, support and supervision work of student Academic research, project manager, after consultation with the Academic advisor throughout the doctoral education stage for the new system of doctoral courses and support the general skills training. Specifically, the responsibility of an academic tutor is to guide students on the nature and expected objectives of the research, the plan of the research project, literature and data sources, course learning, necessary methodology, paradigm issues, etc. Regular contact and discussion with students through regular mentoring and seminars; When the student has the need, can in time appointment or the arrangement other tutor appointment student, provides the suggestion and the help; To give detailed Suggestions on students' thesis research, so that students can submit the dissertation within the specified time; To make constructive comments on students' thesis research within a reasonable period of time; According to the regulations of our school, we will hold regular mentor meetings and organize students to report on their study and research in the seminars or mentor meetings. Through the annual report, find the problems and shortcomings of students' papers; Provide guidance for students to pass the thesis defense; Provide advice and support to students in other aspects of their development. The role of the program coach is to encourage students to review and reflect on their own progress and personal development throughout the doctoral education. Provide assistance to all questions raised by students, and provide professional guidance and assistance to students' personal ability development in the research process; Help students identify learning needs and explore solutions; To help students understand the uniqueness of the new system of doctoral education, and to encourage students to cooperate constructively with academic tutors to determine the learning requirements needed to carry out a particular research.
The new system of doctoral education is a product of the marketization and internationalization of doctoral education in the UK, which provides diversified employment and career development options for doctoral graduates. The new system of doctoral education can choose to engage in teaching work in the academic world, or to engage in research, management and other work in non-academic fields. , Britain's new system of doctoral education is trying to avoid in recent years, the cultivation of the doctoral education content and the disadvantages of the disconnect between the demand of the Labour market, by increasing the gm's course learning and transferable skills training, widen the knowledge of doctoral students and employment path, the doctoral education from traditional purely academic to both academic and professional, in response to the knowledge society for high quality PhD graduates increasing demand.
To sum up, it can be found that the differences between the new-system doctoral education and the philosophy doctoral education and the professional doctoral education are not only reflected in the name, but also in the internal differences of the training objectives, design and mode. In the doctoral education in China, both the academic doctoral degree and the professional doctoral degree are faced with problems such as narrow scope of knowledge and lack of general skills. Although the institutions of higher learning and scientific research units is still the main channel of doctoral student employment in our country, but increasingly diversified doctoral student employment has become an international trend, in order to promote the international competitiveness of China's doctoral education, meet the needs of the unit of choose and employ persons to human senior specialized talents and doctoral student personal development needs, doctoral education in our country should further strengthen the connotation construction, in the process of the cultivation of the doctoral students increased interdisciplinary study and general skills, for doctoral students in both the academic and non academic employment after graduation and a career success to lay the solid foundation of knowledge and ability.
想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。
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