下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- America's manufacturing Renaissance strategy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的制造业复兴战略。为摆脱金融危机影响，美国提出制造业复兴战略来重振制造业体系，寄希望实现制造业的强势回归来巩固美国全球经济领导者地位。从美国制造业复兴战略实施的具体措施来看，美国制造业回归战略既从短期解决了美国面临的成本压力、产业结构失衡、失业高企问题，又从长期推进制造业内部结构升级，创造了新的经济增长点，具有深远的战略意图，取得了明显的效果。
In order to get rid of the financial crisis, the United States put forward the strategy of manufacturing revival to revive the manufacturing system, hoping to realize the strong return of manufacturing industry and consolidate the United States as the global economic leader. Due to U.S. manufacturing revival strategy of promoting may lead to the relationship between the manufacturing industry of China and the United States by the complementary to the comprehensive competition, therefore our country should pay close attention to and correct evaluation of the effect on us manufacturing revival strategy and characteristics, formulate corresponding plans to deal with as soon as possible may come from the "American power" suppress all possible obstacle of the development of manufacturing industry in our country.
After the 1980s, the manufacturing industry in the United States gradually shifted overseas and focused on the development of real estate, finance and other services. As a result, the manufacturing industry continued to shrink and the problem of industrial hollowing became prominent. The financial crisis in 2008 exposed the vulnerability of American virtual economy. The national economy was in trouble, which led to the decline of its global influence and made American re-realize the importance of the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry. Based on the above background, in June 2009, the Obama administration formally proposed the strategy of revitalizing the manufacturing industry, and successively implemented a series of policy measures and strategic deployment such as "buy American", "manufacturing promotion act", "export doubling target" and "employment promotion measures" to realize the "return of manufacturing industry". Then, what challenges does the American manufacturing revival strategy bring to the development of our manufacturing industry, and how can we formulate our manufacturing development strategy to deal with them? Before this, we must analyze the effect and characteristics of the implementation of the American manufacturing revival strategy.
In the early 1950s America accounted for nearly 40% of global manufacturing value added; by 2012 it had fallen to 17.4%. Meanwhile, in 2010, China overtook the United States as the world's largest manufacturing nation. The following paper examines whether American manufacturing industry has returned to the trend from several aspects such as the ratio of manufacturing added value to GDP and employment situation.
In terms of manufacturing value added as a share of GDP, American manufacturing contraction appears to have eased. The data show that between 1970 and 2009, the value added of the manufacturing industry in the United States decreased from 24.4 percent to 12 percent of GDP, but then began to stabilize, rebounded to 12.3 percent in 2012, and fell to 12.1 percent in 2013. From the perspective of growth rate, the real annual growth rate of American manufacturing industry reached 6% from 2009 to 2013, which was faster than that of France, Britain, Italy, Canada and other major industrial countries, and similar to that of Japan.
In terms of employment data, manufacturing employment data showed a trend of gradual rise. The U.S. manufacturing industry employed nearly 20 million workers in the 1970s, and in 2010, it reached a record low of 11.82 million, showing a significant downward trend. However, from January 2010 to January 2015, the manufacturing sector of the United States added more than 500,000 jobs, reaching 12.33 million, indicating an upward trend in manufacturing employment.
In terms of exports, the export of manufactured products quickly recovered and maintained a growth trend. In terms of the general merchandise exports of the United States in recent years, some major manufacturing products, such as capital goods, automobiles, components and engines, have come out of the trough in 2009 and maintained the momentum of sustained growth in exports. Total U.S. manufacturing exports have surpassed their pre-crisis peaks. In addition, from the perspective of product export composition, the export situation and growth rate of manufactured durable products are higher than that of general manufactured consumer goods.
According to the PMI index, the manufacturing sector continues to expand. According to the research report released by Markit, the PMI of American manufacturing sector has remained above 50 for more than 20 consecutive months after the index fell to a low point during the financial crisis, and American manufacturing sector has maintained a high prosperity degree. Compared with China in the same period, the PMI index of American manufacturing sector was significantly higher than that of China, indicating that the recovery of American manufacturing sector is indeed strong.
In addition, a Boston consulting group survey of 200 large U.S. multinationals released in late September 2013 showed that 54 percent of companies with turnover of more than $1 billion were actively considering moving manufacturing back to the United States from China, up 17 percentage points from 37 percent in the survey at the beginning of 2012. Among them, computer and electron enterprise move back tendency is outstanding.
Based on the above analysis, we believe that the U.S. manufacturing industry has indeed shown signs of recovery and maintained a high degree of prosperity. However, whether the American manufacturing revival strategy is the return of the overall manufacturing industry or the internal upgrading will have a decidedly different impact on the development and strategy formulation of the Chinese manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper will further analyze the internal structure of the American manufacturing industry in the second part.
This part will analyze the characteristics of the American manufacturing Renaissance strategy from the development status of various industries in the American manufacturing industry in recent years and the key industry directions of the American manufacturing Renaissance strategy.
The proportion of durable consumer goods is on the rise, confirming the internal upgrading of American manufacturing industry. Since 1997, the added value of durable consumer goods in American manufacturing industry declined from 59.6% in 1997 to 50.8% in 2009, while non-durable consumer goods showed an upward trend. Since 2010, however, the trend has reversed, with durable goods accounting for 53.7 percent of U.S. manufacturing in 2013, up nearly 3 percentage points from the low point in 2009.
Capital - and technology-intensive industries have increased their share of the manufacturing mix. From the table we can see that compared with the American manufacturing slump in 2009, one of rising industries in the manufacturing industry only oil and coal products, machinery, motor vehicles, car body, trailer and components, primary metal products and wood products, etc., of which only wood products belong to the labor-intensive industry, several other industry belong to the capital and technology intensive industries.
In addition, we summarize again to return to the United States manufacturing slogan since the government to promote manufacturing move back to the main combination of the above analysis of the succession of the internal structure of manufacturing, we think that the U.S. manufacturing revival strategy is characterized by industrial upgrading, high-end manufacturing is its core strategy, the United States has officially launched the high-end manufacturing plan, active in the biological technology, clean energy, advanced manufacturing and other fields to strengthen technology research, through promoting American high-end innovation cluster development, high-end elements and high-end talent, to continue to maintain the leading research and development, leading technology in the field of high-end manufacturing and manufacturing lead. A recent report by the Boston consulting group also sees a "manufacturing Renaissance" in the United States, with non-labor-intensive and energy-intensive manufacturing moving back to the United States at a faster pace.
According to imf research, American manufacturing recovery is mainly due to the competitiveness of American dollar, the fall in energy prices caused by the shale gas revolution, the narrowing gap with emerging countries in labor costs and the support of national strategies. First of all, the federal reserve has been pursuing easy monetary policy for a long time. Especially after the financial crisis, it increased the quantitative easing, which caused the dollar to depreciate competitively against other currencies and gave us manufacturing exports a price advantage. According to data released by the international monetary fund, from 2001 to 2013, the real effective exchange rate index of American dollar dropped from about 130 to 92, with a depreciation rate of more than 29%, making us commodity prices relatively "cheap" in the international market and effectively promoting the export of manufactured goods.
Secondly, the United States has increased the exploitation and utilization of oil and gas resources in the United States, especially driven by the shale gas revolution, which not only makes the United States more self-sufficient in energy, but also promotes the decline of oil and other energy prices. The energy boom triggered by the shale gas revolution has not only provided American manufacturing industry with an energy cost advantage, but also brought new investment growth points to American manufacturing sector.
Thirdly, due to the increase of labor productivity and the decline of unit labor cost in the United States in recent years, labor competitiveness has been significantly improved. Between 2002 and 2011, the United States was the only major developed country to experience a decline in unit labor costs. In addition, according to a recent study by the Boston consulting group, China's unit labor costs will increase from 3% in 2000 to 17% in 2015, indicating that China's low-cost labor advantage over the United States will gradually lose.
Finally, from the perspective of the concrete measures of American manufacturing revival strategy implementation, the strategy of "return" manufacturing is solved from short-term cost pressures facing the United States, imbalance of industrial structure, high unemployment problem, and from long-term advance manufacturing industry structure upgrade, created a new economic growth point, has far-reaching strategic intention, obvious effects have been achieved.
The above analysis indicates that since the current financial crisis, American has implemented the strategy of manufacturing recovery, which undoubtedly brings great pressure to the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Combined with the current difficulties faced by China's manufacturing industry, we believe that China's manufacturing industry will face the following double competition: on the one hand, because of manufacturing in the developed countries, led by the United States, to return to strategic focus is the layout of the advanced manufacturing and its competitive advantage, and the present stage of China's manufacturing industry is also from the low end of the link to the field of high-end transformation and upgrade, both sides is in emerging manufacturing produces "intersection", China's manufacturing industry faced in the field of high-end manufacturing will be more competitive; On the other hand, China's manufacturing industry is also facing a brutal squeeze from emerging Asian countries in the traditional low-end sectors due to its lower labor cost advantage. Therefore, China should actively formulate relevant strategies to comprehensively enhance the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, and actively deal with the impact of the return of the manufacturing industry in Europe, the United States and other countries on China.
Manufacturing industry is the support of a country's national economy, the guarantee of a country's economic index running well, and the foundation of a real strong country. Throughout the history of the world, without the rise of manufacturing, there would be no real rise of great powers.
First, manufacturing is the foundation of innovation. Research shows that innovation mainly stems from the manufacturing process and the interaction with the demand side. According to the MIT study, the massive shift of U.S. manufacturing overseas over the past two decades has not only led to the loss of jobs at home, but also seriously damaged U.S. research and innovation capabilities. In recent years, the proportion of major scientific research achievements and invention patents in the United States in the world has shown a sharp decline. The hollowing out of the manufacturing industry has brought a serious impact on the innovation of the United States. At the present stage, China's manufacturing industry is undergoing a strategic transformation from "manufacturing" to "creation". It is more important to learn the profound "lessons" brought by the development of the manufacturing industry in the United States and strengthen the understanding of the manufacturing industry on the status of the foundation of China's national economy.
Secondly, the integrity of the manufacturing industry is the basic requirement for the economic security and political security of a big country. Manufacturing is the foundation of all economic sectors and social life. No matter how the economy develops and how the society progresses, people always have real needs in such aspects as food, clothing, housing and transportation. In addition, the manufacturing industry can provide a large number of employment opportunities for the current bottom level of China's labor force, especially the low-skilled labor transferred from rural areas in the process of urbanization. From the experience of the economic development of various countries in the world, it can be seen that if the economy of a country or region is based on the manufacturing industry and the real economy, it is not easy to produce bubbles and the economic development is easy to maintain a steady and healthy state.
Finally, the service sector cannot fully absorb workers who have lost manufacturing jobs. Many economists have predicted that all those who lose manufacturing jobs will be absorbed by services with unlimited capacity. But in the first decade of the 21st century, the United States did not see any net increase in total employment. In January 2001, the number of non-farm payrolls in American was 132.5 million. In November 2010, the number of non-farm payrolls decreased to 129.8 million, a 2% decline, while American population achieved a net growth of 9.7%. It can be seen that the service industry is not an infinite pool of labor employment, and it cannot completely solve the problem of re-employment of manufacturing workers.
In order to actively deal with the technological advantage competition of the manufacturing industry in developed countries such as Europe and America and the labor cost advantage competition of the manufacturing industry in other developing countries, China should actively formulate relevant development strategies to comprehensively improve the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and ensure the basic position of the manufacturing industry in China's national economy.
First, actively develop advanced manufacturing and other emerging industries to accelerate the upgrading of the internal structure of the manufacturing industry. Advanced manufacturing and other emerging manufacturing industries are not only the breakthrough point of American manufacturing Renaissance strategy, but also the development direction of China's manufacturing internal structure upgrading. In the long run, the emerging industries represented by advanced manufacturing are bound to become the hot spots leading the next round of global economic growth. At present, the international division of labor pattern of advanced manufacturing has not been formed, and all countries are in the technical level of breaking through the bottleneck of the development of advanced manufacturing. Therefore, China should take various measures to promote the rapid development of advanced manufacturing and other emerging industries and seize the commanding heights of global competition in the manufacturing industry.
Secondly, further consolidate and develop the traditional manufacturing industry with comparative advantages. Although the eastern coastal regions of China have encountered bottlenecks in developing low-end manufacturing industries such as labor-intensive industries, the labor cost advantages of developing these industries still exist in the central and western regions, so the development of domestic labor-intensive manufacturing industry cannot be completely abandoned. In addition, these labor-intensive and other low-end manufacturing industries are the basis for the development of China's manufacturing industry. Even the most advanced high-end manufacturing industry needs to match the production links of low-end manufacturing industry. Moreover, compared with the manufacturing industry of developed countries in the United States, China's manufacturing industry has almost no competitive advantage without the low-end manufacturing link. Therefore, China must further consolidate and develop the low-end manufacturing industry with comparative advantages, carry out technological transformation and quality upgrading, and enhance its competitiveness in the global manufacturing division of labor system.
Finally, accelerate the implementation of made in China 2025 and improve the support system of national policies. In order to seize the commanding heights of the future manufacturing industry, countries have issued strategic plans, formulated policy systems and carried out strategic and forward-looking layout of advanced manufacturing industry. Such as "advanced manufacturing national strategic plan" of the United States, "industry 4.0" strategy of Germany, "industrial powerhouse plan" of Brazil, "national manufacturing policy" of India, etc. In order to implement the strategy of manufacturing power, China should further accelerate the improvement of the national policy support system and promote the comprehensive development of the manufacturing industry on the basis of "China's manufacturing 2025". First, strengthen the strategic planning, overall coordination, project implementation and other functions of the leading group to build China's manufacturing power, improve the level of government services, and create a good administrative environment for the development of the manufacturing industry. Second, to further reduce the operating costs of manufacturing enterprises, we need to increase tax support for manufacturing enterprises, increase investment in technology research and development, increase financial support, and optimize the domestic energy structure. Third, strengthen foreign trade policies, guide enterprises to actively expand overseas trade markets, actively participate in the formulation of advanced manufacturing trade rules and competition rules, and further improve the international competitiveness of manufactured products. Fourth, strengthen international technological cooperation, and narrow the technological gap between China and developed countries and catch up with them by actively introducing international advanced technologies, leading talents and raising the level of independent innovation.
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In order to get rid of the financial crisis, the United States put forward the strategy of manufacturing revival to revive the manufacturing system, hoping to realize the strong return of manufacturing industry and consolidate the United States as the global economic leader. Due to U.S. manufacturing revival strategy of promoting may lead to the relationship between the manufacturing industry of China and the United States by the complementary to the comprehensive competition, therefore our country should pay close attention to and correct evaluation of the effect on us manufacturing revival strategy and characteristics, formulate corresponding plans to deal with as soon as possible may come from the "American power" suppress all possible obstacle of the development of manufacturing industry in our country.
After the 1980s, the manufacturing industry in the United States gradually shifted overseas and focused on the development of real estate, finance and other services. As a result, the manufacturing industry continued to shrink and the problem of industrial hollowing became prominent. The financial crisis in 2008 exposed the vulnerability of American virtual economy. The national economy was in trouble, which led to the decline of its global influence and made American re-realize the importance of the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry. Based on the above background, in June 2009, the Obama administration formally proposed the strategy of revitalizing the manufacturing industry, and successively implemented a series of policy measures and strategic deployment such as "buy American", "manufacturing promotion act", "export doubling target" and "employment promotion measures" to realize the "return of manufacturing industry". Then, what challenges does the American manufacturing revival strategy bring to the development of our manufacturing industry, and how can we formulate our manufacturing development strategy to deal with them? Before this, we must analyze the effect and characteristics of the implementation of the American manufacturing revival strategy.
In the early 1950s America accounted for nearly 40% of global manufacturing value added; by 2012 it had fallen to 17.4%. Meanwhile, in 2010, China overtook the United States as the world's largest manufacturing nation. The following paper examines whether American manufacturing industry has returned to the trend from several aspects such as the ratio of manufacturing added value to GDP and employment situation.
In terms of manufacturing value added as a share of GDP, American manufacturing contraction appears to have eased. The data show that between 1970 and 2009, the value added of the manufacturing industry in the United States decreased from 24.4 percent to 12 percent of GDP, but then began to stabilize, rebounded to 12.3 percent in 2012, and fell to 12.1 percent in 2013. From the perspective of growth rate, the real annual growth rate of American manufacturing industry reached 6% from 2009 to 2013, which was faster than that of France, Britain, Italy, Canada and other major industrial countries, and similar to that of Japan.
In terms of employment data, manufacturing employment data showed a trend of gradual rise. The U.S. manufacturing industry employed nearly 20 million workers in the 1970s, and in 2010, it reached a record low of 11.82 million, showing a significant downward trend. However, from January 2010 to January 2015, the manufacturing sector of the United States added more than 500,000 jobs, reaching 12.33 million, indicating an upward trend in manufacturing employment.
In terms of exports, the export of manufactured products quickly recovered and maintained a growth trend. In terms of the general merchandise exports of the United States in recent years, some major manufacturing products, such as capital goods, automobiles, components and engines, have come out of the trough in 2009 and maintained the momentum of sustained growth in exports. Total U.S. manufacturing exports have surpassed their pre-crisis peaks. In addition, from the perspective of product export composition, the export situation and growth rate of manufactured durable products are higher than that of general manufactured consumer goods.
According to the PMI index, the manufacturing sector continues to expand. According to the research report released by Markit, the PMI of American manufacturing sector has remained above 50 for more than 20 consecutive months after the index fell to a low point during the financial crisis, and American manufacturing sector has maintained a high prosperity degree. Compared with China in the same period, the PMI index of American manufacturing sector was significantly higher than that of China, indicating that the recovery of American manufacturing sector is indeed strong.
In addition, a Boston consulting group survey of 200 large U.S. multinationals released in late September 2013 showed that 54 percent of companies with turnover of more than $1 billion were actively considering moving manufacturing back to the United States from China, up 17 percentage points from 37 percent in the survey at the beginning of 2012. Among them, computer and electron enterprise move back tendency is outstanding.
Based on the above analysis, we believe that the U.S. manufacturing industry has indeed shown signs of recovery and maintained a high degree of prosperity. However, whether the American manufacturing revival strategy is the return of the overall manufacturing industry or the internal upgrading will have a decidedly different impact on the development and strategy formulation of the Chinese manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper will further analyze the internal structure of the American manufacturing industry in the second part.
This part will analyze the characteristics of the American manufacturing Renaissance strategy from the development status of various industries in the American manufacturing industry in recent years and the key industry directions of the American manufacturing Renaissance strategy.
The proportion of durable consumer goods is on the rise, confirming the internal upgrading of American manufacturing industry. Since 1997, the added value of durable consumer goods in American manufacturing industry declined from 59.6% in 1997 to 50.8% in 2009, while non-durable consumer goods showed an upward trend. Since 2010, however, the trend has reversed, with durable goods accounting for 53.7 percent of U.S. manufacturing in 2013, up nearly 3 percentage points from the low point in 2009.
Capital - and technology-intensive industries have increased their share of the manufacturing mix. From the table we can see that compared with the American manufacturing slump in 2009, one of rising industries in the manufacturing industry only oil and coal products, machinery, motor vehicles, car body, trailer and components, primary metal products and wood products, etc., of which only wood products belong to the labor-intensive industry, several other industry belong to the capital and technology intensive industries.
In addition, we summarize again to return to the United States manufacturing slogan since the government to promote manufacturing move back to the main combination of the above analysis of the succession of the internal structure of manufacturing, we think that the U.S. manufacturing revival strategy is characterized by industrial upgrading, high-end manufacturing is its core strategy, the United States has officially launched the high-end manufacturing plan, active in the biological technology, clean energy, advanced manufacturing and other fields to strengthen technology research, through promoting American high-end innovation cluster development, high-end elements and high-end talent, to continue to maintain the leading research and development, leading technology in the field of high-end manufacturing and manufacturing lead. A recent report by the Boston consulting group also sees a "manufacturing Renaissance" in the United States, with non-labor-intensive and energy-intensive manufacturing moving back to the United States at a faster pace.
According to imf research, American manufacturing recovery is mainly due to the competitiveness of American dollar, the fall in energy prices caused by the shale gas revolution, the narrowing gap with emerging countries in labor costs and the support of national strategies. First of all, the federal reserve has been pursuing easy monetary policy for a long time. Especially after the financial crisis, it increased the quantitative easing, which caused the dollar to depreciate competitively against other currencies and gave us manufacturing exports a price advantage. According to data released by the international monetary fund, from 2001 to 2013, the real effective exchange rate index of American dollar dropped from about 130 to 92, with a depreciation rate of more than 29%, making us commodity prices relatively "cheap" in the international market and effectively promoting the export of manufactured goods.
Secondly, the United States has increased the exploitation and utilization of oil and gas resources in the United States, especially driven by the shale gas revolution, which not only makes the United States more self-sufficient in energy, but also promotes the decline of oil and other energy prices. The energy boom triggered by the shale gas revolution has not only provided American manufacturing industry with an energy cost advantage, but also brought new investment growth points to American manufacturing sector.
Thirdly, due to the increase of labor productivity and the decline of unit labor cost in the United States in recent years, labor competitiveness has been significantly improved. Between 2002 and 2011, the United States was the only major developed country to experience a decline in unit labor costs. In addition, according to a recent study by the Boston consulting group, China's unit labor costs will increase from 3% in 2000 to 17% in 2015, indicating that China's low-cost labor advantage over the United States will gradually lose.
Finally, from the perspective of the concrete measures of American manufacturing revival strategy implementation, the strategy of "return" manufacturing is solved from short-term cost pressures facing the United States, imbalance of industrial structure, high unemployment problem, and from long-term advance manufacturing industry structure upgrade, created a new economic growth point, has far-reaching strategic intention, obvious effects have been achieved.
The above analysis indicates that since the current financial crisis, American has implemented the strategy of manufacturing recovery, which undoubtedly brings great pressure to the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Combined with the current difficulties faced by China's manufacturing industry, we believe that China's manufacturing industry will face the following double competition: on the one hand, because of manufacturing in the developed countries, led by the United States, to return to strategic focus is the layout of the advanced manufacturing and its competitive advantage, and the present stage of China's manufacturing industry is also from the low end of the link to the field of high-end transformation and upgrade, both sides is in emerging manufacturing produces "intersection", China's manufacturing industry faced in the field of high-end manufacturing will be more competitive; On the other hand, China's manufacturing industry is also facing a brutal squeeze from emerging Asian countries in the traditional low-end sectors due to its lower labor cost advantage. Therefore, China should actively formulate relevant strategies to comprehensively enhance the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, and actively deal with the impact of the return of the manufacturing industry in Europe, the United States and other countries on China.
Manufacturing industry is the support of a country's national economy, the guarantee of a country's economic index running well, and the foundation of a real strong country. Throughout the history of the world, without the rise of manufacturing, there would be no real rise of great powers.
First, manufacturing is the foundation of innovation. Research shows that innovation mainly stems from the manufacturing process and the interaction with the demand side. According to the MIT study, the massive shift of U.S. manufacturing overseas over the past two decades has not only led to the loss of jobs at home, but also seriously damaged U.S. research and innovation capabilities. In recent years, the proportion of major scientific research achievements and invention patents in the United States in the world has shown a sharp decline. The hollowing out of the manufacturing industry has brought a serious impact on the innovation of the United States. At the present stage, China's manufacturing industry is undergoing a strategic transformation from "manufacturing" to "creation". It is more important to learn the profound "lessons" brought by the development of the manufacturing industry in the United States and strengthen the understanding of the manufacturing industry on the status of the foundation of China's national economy.
Secondly, the integrity of the manufacturing industry is the basic requirement for the economic security and political security of a big country. Manufacturing is the foundation of all economic sectors and social life. No matter how the economy develops and how the society progresses, people always have real needs in such aspects as food, clothing, housing and transportation. In addition, the manufacturing industry can provide a large number of employment opportunities for the current bottom level of China's labor force, especially the low-skilled labor transferred from rural areas in the process of urbanization. From the experience of the economic development of various countries in the world, it can be seen that if the economy of a country or region is based on the manufacturing industry and the real economy, it is not easy to produce bubbles and the economic development is easy to maintain a steady and healthy state.
Finally, the service sector cannot fully absorb workers who have lost manufacturing jobs. Many economists have predicted that all those who lose manufacturing jobs will be absorbed by services with unlimited capacity. But in the first decade of the 21st century, the United States did not see any net increase in total employment. In January 2001, the number of non-farm payrolls in American was 132.5 million. In November 2010, the number of non-farm payrolls decreased to 129.8 million, a 2% decline, while American population achieved a net growth of 9.7%. It can be seen that the service industry is not an infinite pool of labor employment, and it cannot completely solve the problem of re-employment of manufacturing workers.
In order to actively deal with the technological advantage competition of the manufacturing industry in developed countries such as Europe and America and the labor cost advantage competition of the manufacturing industry in other developing countries, China should actively formulate relevant development strategies to comprehensively improve the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and ensure the basic position of the manufacturing industry in China's national economy.
First, actively develop advanced manufacturing and other emerging industries to accelerate the upgrading of the internal structure of the manufacturing industry. Advanced manufacturing and other emerging manufacturing industries are not only the breakthrough point of American manufacturing Renaissance strategy, but also the development direction of China's manufacturing internal structure upgrading. In the long run, the emerging industries represented by advanced manufacturing are bound to become the hot spots leading the next round of global economic growth. At present, the international division of labor pattern of advanced manufacturing has not been formed, and all countries are in the technical level of breaking through the bottleneck of the development of advanced manufacturing. Therefore, China should take various measures to promote the rapid development of advanced manufacturing and other emerging industries and seize the commanding heights of global competition in the manufacturing industry.
Secondly, further consolidate and develop the traditional manufacturing industry with comparative advantages. Although the eastern coastal regions of China have encountered bottlenecks in developing low-end manufacturing industries such as labor-intensive industries, the labor cost advantages of developing these industries still exist in the central and western regions, so the development of domestic labor-intensive manufacturing industry cannot be completely abandoned. In addition, these labor-intensive and other low-end manufacturing industries are the basis for the development of China's manufacturing industry. Even the most advanced high-end manufacturing industry needs to match the production links of low-end manufacturing industry. Moreover, compared with the manufacturing industry of developed countries in the United States, China's manufacturing industry has almost no competitive advantage without the low-end manufacturing link. Therefore, China must further consolidate and develop the low-end manufacturing industry with comparative advantages, carry out technological transformation and quality upgrading, and enhance its competitiveness in the global manufacturing division of labor system.
Finally, accelerate the implementation of made in China 2025 and improve the support system of national policies. In order to seize the commanding heights of the future manufacturing industry, countries have issued strategic plans, formulated policy systems and carried out strategic and forward-looking layout of advanced manufacturing industry. Such as "advanced manufacturing national strategic plan" of the United States, "industry 4.0" strategy of Germany, "industrial powerhouse plan" of Brazil, "national manufacturing policy" of India, etc. In order to implement the strategy of manufacturing power, China should further accelerate the improvement of the national policy support system and promote the comprehensive development of the manufacturing industry on the basis of "China's manufacturing 2025". First, strengthen the strategic planning, overall coordination, project implementation and other functions of the leading group to build China's manufacturing power, improve the level of government services, and create a good administrative environment for the development of the manufacturing industry. Second, to further reduce the operating costs of manufacturing enterprises, we need to increase tax support for manufacturing enterprises, increase investment in technology research and development, increase financial support, and optimize the domestic energy structure. Third, strengthen foreign trade policies, guide enterprises to actively expand overseas trade markets, actively participate in the formulation of advanced manufacturing trade rules and competition rules, and further improve the international competitiveness of manufactured products. Fourth, strengthen international technological cooperation, and narrow the technological gap between China and developed countries and catch up with them by actively introducing international advanced technologies, leading talents and raising the level of independent innovation.
想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。
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