本篇paper代写- Basic education research in the United States讨论了美国的基础教育。美国基础教育的办学体制比较灵活，公立学校与私立学校共同发展，其中公立学校是美国基础教育的主体。美国基础教育实行高投资办学，依照教育法规定，由联邦政府和地方政府共同负担，其中以地方政府为主，经费主要来源于纳税人上交的教育税。美国的基础教育重视学生的个性发展，强调个性化和协作精神的结合，学生能力和品德的培养，同时也注重学生的身体锻炼。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。
At present, there are a lot of researches on American basic education in Chinese educational circles and they are mainly based on field investigation.
Educational administration refers to the government's management of education and the management of schools. The school administration system includes the establishment of internal organization, the composition of leading members and the division of responsibilities and powers. Education administration in the United States is a typical liberalized management system dominated by decentralization. Education is mainly legislated and managed by each state. According to the law of the United States, the federal government has no power to directly administer education. Its main functions are guidance and service, such as allocating education funds to local governments, collecting education information, and conducting investigation and research. Be responsible for the management of the basic education have different levels of two types of institutions: one is the board of directors of the all levels of education, it belongs to civil society organizations, including on behalf of the local public opinion, elected, consists of representatives from all walks of life state, county, city and district education board, society and the government is mainly responsible for communication, so as to achieve the purpose of the whole society to participate in the education career. Second, the government's department of education, including the federal department of education; State boards of education; School district board. Its main responsibility is to carry out some administrative management that is considered necessary in accordance with laws and the decisions of the board of education, to regulate the school-running behavior of the school from a macro perspective, and not to directly participate in the specific management of the school. In practice, schools have a lot of autonomy. High schools in the United States usually have a school board, which is the highest decision-making body of the school. It is responsible for making the major policies and decisions of the school. The principal is responsible to the school board of directors for the specific management of school affairs. In addition, the school generally has two vice-principals, who are responsible for teaching and administrative work. This management system of basic education in the United States arouses the autonomy of schools and the enthusiasm of society, but it is not conducive to the balanced development of education.
The school-running system refers to the school education who will organize and choose what kind of management methods and systems. The American basic education system is relatively flexible, and public schools and private schools develop together. Public schools are the main body of basic education in the United States, and the students in public schools account for about 80% of all students. The funding sources of public schools mainly include fixed funds allocated by governments at all levels for infrastructure construction, appropriations according to the number of students, special appropriations, etc., which are large in scale, large in number of students, and free in the community. Private schools are funded mainly by tuition fees paid by students, funds allocated by the government and education funds. Students pay between $3, 000 and $25, 000 a year, so private schools tend to attract students from wealthy families. However, private schools are small in size and of good quality. The students enrolled in private schools are generally excellent in academic performance, accounting for about 10% of the total students. Public-private partnerships, in which companies build schools and the government sends teachers, are housed in corporate headquarters, as hewlett-packard, for example, has done to keep its employees at work. In addition, the United States also allows families to undertake the education of their children, as long as they take relevant exams and obtain certain credits before graduation. Therefore, it can be said that the school running system in the basic education stage of the United States is as diverse as that in China.
Educational investment refers to the monetary performance of manpower and material resources invested in the field of education, which are used to train reserve labor force with different proficiency levels and various specialized talents, as well as to improve people's labor ability. It includes the total expenditure of the government and social forces on the development of education. American basic education implements high investment in running schools. According to the provisions of the education law, it is jointly borne by the federal government and the local government, among which the local government is the main one and the funding mainly comes from the education tax paid by taxpayers. In general, the federal government accounts for 12 percent, state governments for 53 percent, and local governments for 35 percent, along with corporate and individual sponsors. Libraries, museums, science and technology museums, art galleries, aquariums, memorial halls, theme parks and other entertainment facilities in the United States are open to primary and secondary schools at any time. Each library is privately funded, not for profit, but for educational purposes and is exempt from tax. It can be seen from this that the funding of basic education in the United States is guaranteed and sufficient, primary and secondary schools can carry out a variety of extracurricular activities related to education.
Focus on whole-person education, that is, according to the characteristics of student development and provide the corresponding environment, to meet the psychological and physiological needs of students and other aspects of different needs, so that they become active, independent, confident, have a sense of responsibility, to meet the needs of society. Basic education in the United States attaches great importance to the development of students' personality, emphasizes the combination of individuality and cooperation spirit, the cultivation of students' ability and morality, and also pays attention to the physical exercise of students. In addition, another feature of American basic education is that it teaches students in accordance with their aptitude. It actively advocates to give students full, free and broad space for imagination, so that students' personality can be fully displayed in a collective atmosphere full of love, sunshine and warmth. This is an extremely valuable part of American education.
American elementary and middle school campuses are unpretentious, economical, and connected to their communities. The area of a school is usually not large. Through further interviews, we know that these new teachers have not formed the habit of research and have the psychology of "fear" and escape from research. Such teachers who lack the ability of reflection and research can only become teachers rather than educators.
Adaptability is a kind of ability that new teachers must have to adapt to the requirements of the continuous development of new educational concepts. 25.5% of the newly appointed teachers believe that they are quick to accept and adapt, while 50.8%, or more than half of the teachers, believe that they are quick to accept the cutting-edge educational ideas but slow to adapt, indicating that their adaptability needs to be further strengthened. 18.6% of teachers do not know how to change their teaching methods and are still going the same way. 5.1 percent of teachers did not want change, but the status quo.
As for whether teachers feel lack of knowledge in teaching, 82% of them occasionally feel lack of knowledge, 15.6% often feel lack of knowledge, and 3.4% never feel lack of knowledge. Thus it can be seen that teachers need to constantly learn, constantly update the knowledge, lifelong lesson preparation. Teachers feel the lack of knowledge, but what kind of knowledge is lacking? According to the survey results on what kind of knowledge they lack in the teaching process, the new teachers feel lack of extensive cultural and scientific knowledge, the new teachers feel lack of professional knowledge of subjects accounted for 15.3%, and the new teachers feel lack of educational knowledge accounted for 18.6%. Thus it can be seen that most of the new teachers feel that they are lack of extensive scientific and cultural knowledge, which of course is related to the extensive and inexhaustible knowledge, and the author thinks that it is also related to normal colleges and universities for a long time do not pay attention to the construction of general education courses.
The school does not have a big gate and walls, sometimes walking in the campus will accidentally into the community. There are schools, community colleges, public libraries, sports facilities, etc. Schools are part of the whole learning community. The name of the school is simply marked on a sign at the main entrance to the school, or on a short, simple wall. But schools pay attention to internal practical, advanced teaching equipment, usually have better computer equipment, computer network, sports facilities and art education facilities. Classroom layout is different from China's primary and secondary schools. All the walls in the classroom are covered with colorful pictures, various forms, knowledge CARDS, maps and so on. In the classroom, there are closets, book corners, animal corners and so on. The book corner is filled with all kinds of reference books and scientific knowledge books for students to consult materials. The desks and chairs in the classroom are placed according to the teaching needs of the teachers, some placed into a semicircle, some placed into several small circles. Generally speaking, the school environment construction in the basic education stage in the United States is very different from that in China, which is formal, serious and orderly.
The curriculum and textbooks for basic education in the United States are generally developed by local schools according to the actual needs. The federal and state governments set only general requirements for school content, setting curriculum benchmarks and minimum graduation requirements for school districts. The specific curriculum of primary and secondary schools is formulated by the "curriculum committee" organized by the local education committee, which is composed of curriculum administrators, guidance directors, principals, teachers and parents' representatives.
The content of the American curriculum is colorful, which attaches great importance to the knowledge closely related to modern economy, social life and scientific and technological development. To be specific, primary and middle schools are mainly courses of basic knowledge, including English reading, writing and understanding, mathematics, history, geography, computer science, environmental protection, basic knowledge of science, music, art and physical education, etc. Middle school and high school began to offer elective courses, which accounted for 1/3 and 1/2 of the total class hours respectively. Compulsory courses are stipulated by the school district education bureau, with a lot of contents. Elective courses are set according to the characteristics of the school and students' interests. In addition, there are community service classes and tutoring programs. Community service course is to encourage students to do voluntary service for the community. It is not a credit, but must be studied. It aims to cultivate students' practical ability, practical ability, social responsibility and service spirit. Remedial course is to dissolve the various psychological pressure of the student, guide the student to enter a higher school and obtain employment, improve study method to wait and open to the student all day outside class.
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At present, there are a lot of researches on American basic education in Chinese educational circles and they are mainly based on field investigation.
Educational administration refers to the government's management of education and the management of schools. The school administration system includes the establishment of internal organization, the composition of leading members and the division of responsibilities and powers. Education administration in the United States is a typical liberalized management system dominated by decentralization. Education is mainly legislated and managed by each state. According to the law of the United States, the federal government has no power to directly administer education. Its main functions are guidance and service, such as allocating education funds to local governments, collecting education information, and conducting investigation and research. Be responsible for the management of the basic education have different levels of two types of institutions: one is the board of directors of the all levels of education, it belongs to civil society organizations, including on behalf of the local public opinion, elected, consists of representatives from all walks of life state, county, city and district education board, society and the government is mainly responsible for communication, so as to achieve the purpose of the whole society to participate in the education career. Second, the government's department of education, including the federal department of education; State boards of education; School district board. Its main responsibility is to carry out some administrative management that is considered necessary in accordance with laws and the decisions of the board of education, to regulate the school-running behavior of the school from a macro perspective, and not to directly participate in the specific management of the school. In practice, schools have a lot of autonomy. High schools in the United States usually have a school board, which is the highest decision-making body of the school. It is responsible for making the major policies and decisions of the school. The principal is responsible to the school board of directors for the specific management of school affairs. In addition, the school generally has two vice-principals, who are responsible for teaching and administrative work. This management system of basic education in the United States arouses the autonomy of schools and the enthusiasm of society, but it is not conducive to the balanced development of education.
The school-running system refers to the school education who will organize and choose what kind of management methods and systems. The American basic education system is relatively flexible, and public schools and private schools develop together. Public schools are the main body of basic education in the United States, and the students in public schools account for about 80% of all students. The funding sources of public schools mainly include fixed funds allocated by governments at all levels for infrastructure construction, appropriations according to the number of students, special appropriations, etc., which are large in scale, large in number of students, and free in the community. Private schools are funded mainly by tuition fees paid by students, funds allocated by the government and education funds. Students pay between $3, 000 and $25, 000 a year, so private schools tend to attract students from wealthy families. However, private schools are small in size and of good quality. The students enrolled in private schools are generally excellent in academic performance, accounting for about 10% of the total students. Public-private partnerships, in which companies build schools and the government sends teachers, are housed in corporate headquarters, as hewlett-packard, for example, has done to keep its employees at work. In addition, the United States also allows families to undertake the education of their children, as long as they take relevant exams and obtain certain credits before graduation. Therefore, it can be said that the school running system in the basic education stage of the United States is as diverse as that in China.
Educational investment refers to the monetary performance of manpower and material resources invested in the field of education, which are used to train reserve labor force with different proficiency levels and various specialized talents, as well as to improve people's labor ability. It includes the total expenditure of the government and social forces on the development of education. American basic education implements high investment in running schools. According to the provisions of the education law, it is jointly borne by the federal government and the local government, among which the local government is the main one and the funding mainly comes from the education tax paid by taxpayers. In general, the federal government accounts for 12 percent, state governments for 53 percent, and local governments for 35 percent, along with corporate and individual sponsors. Libraries, museums, science and technology museums, art galleries, aquariums, memorial halls, theme parks and other entertainment facilities in the United States are open to primary and secondary schools at any time. Each library is privately funded, not for profit, but for educational purposes and is exempt from tax. It can be seen from this that the funding of basic education in the United States is guaranteed and sufficient, primary and secondary schools can carry out a variety of extracurricular activities related to education.
Focus on whole-person education, that is, according to the characteristics of student development and provide the corresponding environment, to meet the psychological and physiological needs of students and other aspects of different needs, so that they become active, independent, confident, have a sense of responsibility, to meet the needs of society. Basic education in the United States attaches great importance to the development of students' personality, emphasizes the combination of individuality and cooperation spirit, the cultivation of students' ability and morality, and also pays attention to the physical exercise of students. In addition, another feature of American basic education is that it teaches students in accordance with their aptitude. It actively advocates to give students full, free and broad space for imagination, so that students' personality can be fully displayed in a collective atmosphere full of love, sunshine and warmth. This is an extremely valuable part of American education.
American elementary and middle school campuses are unpretentious, economical, and connected to their communities. The area of a school is usually not large. Through further interviews, we know that these new teachers have not formed the habit of research and have the psychology of "fear" and escape from research. Such teachers who lack the ability of reflection and research can only become teachers rather than educators.
Adaptability is a kind of ability that new teachers must have to adapt to the requirements of the continuous development of new educational concepts. 25.5% of the newly appointed teachers believe that they are quick to accept and adapt, while 50.8%, or more than half of the teachers, believe that they are quick to accept the cutting-edge educational ideas but slow to adapt, indicating that their adaptability needs to be further strengthened. 18.6% of teachers do not know how to change their teaching methods and are still going the same way. 5.1 percent of teachers did not want change, but the status quo.
As for whether teachers feel lack of knowledge in teaching, 82% of them occasionally feel lack of knowledge, 15.6% often feel lack of knowledge, and 3.4% never feel lack of knowledge. Thus it can be seen that teachers need to constantly learn, constantly update the knowledge, lifelong lesson preparation. Teachers feel the lack of knowledge, but what kind of knowledge is lacking? According to the survey results on what kind of knowledge they lack in the teaching process, the new teachers feel lack of extensive cultural and scientific knowledge, the new teachers feel lack of professional knowledge of subjects accounted for 15.3%, and the new teachers feel lack of educational knowledge accounted for 18.6%. Thus it can be seen that most of the new teachers feel that they are lack of extensive scientific and cultural knowledge, which of course is related to the extensive and inexhaustible knowledge, and the author thinks that it is also related to normal colleges and universities for a long time do not pay attention to the construction of general education courses.
The school does not have a big gate and walls, sometimes walking in the campus will accidentally into the community. There are schools, community colleges, public libraries, sports facilities, etc. Schools are part of the whole learning community. The name of the school is simply marked on a sign at the main entrance to the school, or on a short, simple wall. But schools pay attention to internal practical, advanced teaching equipment, usually have better computer equipment, computer network, sports facilities and art education facilities. Classroom layout is different from China's primary and secondary schools. All the walls in the classroom are covered with colorful pictures, various forms, knowledge CARDS, maps and so on. In the classroom, there are closets, book corners, animal corners and so on. The book corner is filled with all kinds of reference books and scientific knowledge books for students to consult materials. The desks and chairs in the classroom are placed according to the teaching needs of the teachers, some placed into a semicircle, some placed into several small circles. Generally speaking, the school environment construction in the basic education stage in the United States is very different from that in China, which is formal, serious and orderly.
The curriculum and textbooks for basic education in the United States are generally developed by local schools according to the actual needs. The federal and state governments set only general requirements for school content, setting curriculum benchmarks and minimum graduation requirements for school districts. The specific curriculum of primary and secondary schools is formulated by the "curriculum committee" organized by the local education committee, which is composed of curriculum administrators, guidance directors, principals, teachers and parents' representatives.
The content of the American curriculum is colorful, which attaches great importance to the knowledge closely related to modern economy, social life and scientific and technological development. To be specific, primary and middle schools are mainly courses of basic knowledge, including English reading, writing and understanding, mathematics, history, geography, computer science, environmental protection, basic knowledge of science, music, art and physical education, etc. Middle school and high school began to offer elective courses, which accounted for 1/3 and 1/2 of the total class hours respectively. Compulsory courses are stipulated by the school district education bureau, with a lot of contents. Elective courses are set according to the characteristics of the school and students' interests. In addition, there are community service classes and tutoring programs. Community service course is to encourage students to do voluntary service for the community. It is not a credit, but must be studied. It aims to cultivate students' practical ability, practical ability, social responsibility and service spirit. Remedial course is to dissolve the various psychological pressure of the student, guide the student to enter a higher school and obtain employment, improve study method to wait and open to the student all day outside class.
要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。
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