14歳までの子供用には、キャップの穴をあけること、窒息防止のため。
JIS S 6060:1996
１４歳までの子供用の筆記・マーキング用具のキャップ ― 安全要件
１４歳までの子供の使用のために設計された，又は明らかに意図された筆記及びマーキング用具に用いるキャップの安全要件について規定。キャップの性能を確認する試験の手順は附属書による。子供のために設計されていない，又は子供の使用が意図されていない筆記及びマーキング用具，例えば，貴金属ペン，専門家用製図ペンなどのキャップ及び替えしんの輸送用キャップには適用しない。
JIS S 6060:1996
１４歳までの子供用の筆記・マーキング用具のキャップ ― 安全要件
１４歳までの子供の使用のために設計された，又は明らかに意図された筆記及びマーキング用具に用いるキャップの安全要件について規定。キャップの性能を確認する試験の手順は附属書による。子供のために設計されていない，又は子供の使用が意図されていない筆記及びマーキング用具，例えば，貴金属ペン，専門家用製図ペンなどのキャップ及び替えしんの輸送用キャップには適用しない。
フリーマーケット
○Flea market 呑みの市
×Free market
スイートルーム
○Suite room 家具付きの続きの部屋
×Sweet room
スタッフ
○staff 参謀
×stuff 詰め物、くず
○Flea market 呑みの市
×Free market
スイートルーム
○Suite room 家具付きの続きの部屋
×Sweet room
スタッフ
○staff 参謀
×stuff 詰め物、くず
ＩＳＯ９００1は２００８年１１月に２００８年版に改訂され、
その和訳であるＪＩＳＱ９００１も１２月の下旬に改訂発行
される予定です。そこで、昨年のテキストを２００８年版に修正
しています。
その和訳であるＪＩＳＱ９００１も１２月の下旬に改訂発行
される予定です。そこで、昨年のテキストを２００８年版に修正
しています。
3.ご質問内容 ％GRRの評価において、％GRR（総変動）と％GRR（公差）の使い分けをどのようにするのでしょうか。工程と検査で使い分けるのでしょうか。
4.回答
（1）％GRR（公差）とは、％GRR（ばらつき）の計算式での分母のTVは「全変動の標準偏差」ですが、これを「規格幅/6」で計算する、ことです。
（2）これは、MSAマニュアルの第三章セクションB１１６ページの下に書いてあることを根拠にしています。
すなわち工程ばらつきに基づいた計測システム（工程内で使用している計測システ
ム）の場合は分母のTVとは全変動の標準偏差を使うべきですが、公差に基づいて行われている計測システム（検査工程での計測）では分母を公差として解析しても良い、ということです。
（3） そこでお勧めする方法としては、いつも両方の計算式で計算して見て、（その結果10％30％ルールを適用して結論を出すわけですが）計測システムの使用目的及び顧客の要望に応じて、いずれか、あるいは両方を採用してR＆R解析結果を結論付けると良いと言うことです。
以上
4.回答
（1）％GRR（公差）とは、％GRR（ばらつき）の計算式での分母のTVは「全変動の標準偏差」ですが、これを「規格幅/6」で計算する、ことです。
（2）これは、MSAマニュアルの第三章セクションB１１６ページの下に書いてあることを根拠にしています。
すなわち工程ばらつきに基づいた計測システム（工程内で使用している計測システ
ム）の場合は分母のTVとは全変動の標準偏差を使うべきですが、公差に基づいて行われている計測システム（検査工程での計測）では分母を公差として解析しても良い、ということです。
（3） そこでお勧めする方法としては、いつも両方の計算式で計算して見て、（その結果10％30％ルールを適用して結論を出すわけですが）計測システムの使用目的及び顧客の要望に応じて、いずれか、あるいは両方を採用してR＆R解析結果を結論付けると良いと言うことです。
以上
1.製品安全の考え方
ウイリーハーマー著 高橋恒彦監訳
鹿島出版社
昭和６３年８月２０日
2.R-Map実践ガイダンス
（全ライフサイクルに対応した製品安全リスクマネージメント手法）
R-Map研究会編
日科技連出版社
２００４年１０月２８日
3.故障と仕様書
伊藤健一著
日刊工業新聞社
昭和６１年１月２５日
4.現場ノウハウと仕様書
伊藤健一著
日刊工業新聞社
昭和５９年１月３０日
ウイリーハーマー著 高橋恒彦監訳
鹿島出版社
昭和６３年８月２０日
2.R-Map実践ガイダンス
（全ライフサイクルに対応した製品安全リスクマネージメント手法）
R-Map研究会編
日科技連出版社
２００４年１０月２８日
3.故障と仕様書
伊藤健一著
日刊工業新聞社
昭和６１年１月２５日
4.現場ノウハウと仕様書
伊藤健一著
日刊工業新聞社
昭和５９年１月３０日
,
FOREWORD
4th Edition
The FME3A 4th Edition is a reference manual to be used by suppliers to Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company, and Genera] Motors Corporation as a guide to assist them in the development of both Design and Process FMEAS. The manual does not define requirements; it is intended to clarify questions concerning the technical development of FMEAS. This manual is aligned with SAE J1739
.
Summary of Changes in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual.
The DFMEA and PFMEA methods described in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual include these associated with design at the system, subsystem, Interface, and component level and the process at manufacturing_ and assembly operations.
,
General Changes
・ The formatting used in the 4th edition is intended to provide easier reading.
・ An index is included.
・ Icons are used to indicate key paragraphs and visual cues are used.
・ Additional examples and verbiage have been provided to improve the utility of the manual and to provide a closer tie into the FMEA process as it develops.
・ Reinforcement of the need for management support, interest and review of the FMEA process and results.
・ Define and strengthen the understanding of the linkage between DFMEA and PFMEA as well as defining the linkages to other tools.
・ Improvements to the Severity, Occurrence. Detection ranking tables so that they are more meaningful to real world analysis and usage.
・ Alternative methods are introduced that are currently being applied in industry.
・ Additional appendices which have example forms and special case application of FMEA.
・ The focus on the "standard form" has been replaced with several options that represent the current application of FMEA in industry.
・ The suggestion that RPN not be used as the primary means for assessing risk. The need for improvement has been revised including an additional method, and the use of thresholds on RPN is clarified as a practice that is not recommended
Chapter I provides general FMEA guidelines, the need for management support and having a defined process for developing and maintaining FMEAS, and the need for continuous Improvement.
Chapter H describes the general application of the FMF.A methodology, which is common between DFMEA and PFMEA processes. This includes the planning, strategy, action plans, and the need for management support and responsibility in EMEAs.
Chapter Ⅲ focuses on DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of block diagram*-, various types of DFMEAS, formation of the teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, and follow-up, alternatives to RPN, and connection to PFMEAS and validation plans.
Chapter IV focuses on PFMEA (Process Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of flow diagrams, formation of teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, the connection to DFMEAs and the development of control plans.
The Appendices have several examples of forms for DMFEA and PFMEA and addresses different applications and procedures for addressing design and process risk,
The Supplier Quality Requirements Task Force would like to thank the following individuals, and their companies, who have contributed their time and effort to the development of this edition of the FMEA Reference Manual:
Michael Down, General Motors Corporation
LawreDce Br07.0wski. General Motors Corporation
Hisham You]lis. Ford Motor Company
David Bene~ict, Chrysler LLC
John Feghali. Chrysler J_LC
Michacl Schuberl~ Delphi
Rhonda Brender. Delphi
Gregory Gruska, Omnex
Glen Vallance, Control Planrling Jnitiatives
Milena Krasich Bose
William Haughey, ReliaTrain
This manual is a copyright of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company and General Motors
Corporation, with an rights reserved, Additional copies may be obtained from AJAG @
www.aiag,.org.
Supply chain organizations of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company or General
Motors Corporation have permission to copy .Forms used in this manual.
FOREWORD
4th Edition
The FME3A 4th Edition is a reference manual to be used by suppliers to Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company, and Genera] Motors Corporation as a guide to assist them in the development of both Design and Process FMEAS. The manual does not define requirements; it is intended to clarify questions concerning the technical development of FMEAS. This manual is aligned with SAE J1739
.
Summary of Changes in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual.
The DFMEA and PFMEA methods described in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual include these associated with design at the system, subsystem, Interface, and component level and the process at manufacturing_ and assembly operations.
,
General Changes
・ The formatting used in the 4th edition is intended to provide easier reading.
・ An index is included.
・ Icons are used to indicate key paragraphs and visual cues are used.
・ Additional examples and verbiage have been provided to improve the utility of the manual and to provide a closer tie into the FMEA process as it develops.
・ Reinforcement of the need for management support, interest and review of the FMEA process and results.
・ Define and strengthen the understanding of the linkage between DFMEA and PFMEA as well as defining the linkages to other tools.
・ Improvements to the Severity, Occurrence. Detection ranking tables so that they are more meaningful to real world analysis and usage.
・ Alternative methods are introduced that are currently being applied in industry.
・ Additional appendices which have example forms and special case application of FMEA.
・ The focus on the "standard form" has been replaced with several options that represent the current application of FMEA in industry.
・ The suggestion that RPN not be used as the primary means for assessing risk. The need for improvement has been revised including an additional method, and the use of thresholds on RPN is clarified as a practice that is not recommended
Chapter I provides general FMEA guidelines, the need for management support and having a defined process for developing and maintaining FMEAS, and the need for continuous Improvement.
Chapter H describes the general application of the FMF.A methodology, which is common between DFMEA and PFMEA processes. This includes the planning, strategy, action plans, and the need for management support and responsibility in EMEAs.
Chapter Ⅲ focuses on DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of block diagram*-, various types of DFMEAS, formation of the teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, and follow-up, alternatives to RPN, and connection to PFMEAS and validation plans.
Chapter IV focuses on PFMEA (Process Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of flow diagrams, formation of teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, the connection to DFMEAs and the development of control plans.
The Appendices have several examples of forms for DMFEA and PFMEA and addresses different applications and procedures for addressing design and process risk,
The Supplier Quality Requirements Task Force would like to thank the following individuals, and their companies, who have contributed their time and effort to the development of this edition of the FMEA Reference Manual:
Michael Down, General Motors Corporation
LawreDce Br07.0wski. General Motors Corporation
Hisham You]lis. Ford Motor Company
David Bene~ict, Chrysler LLC
John Feghali. Chrysler J_LC
Michacl Schuberl~ Delphi
Rhonda Brender. Delphi
Gregory Gruska, Omnex
Glen Vallance, Control Planrling Jnitiatives
Milena Krasich Bose
William Haughey, ReliaTrain
This manual is a copyright of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company and General Motors
Corporation, with an rights reserved, Additional copies may be obtained from AJAG @
www.aiag,.org.
Supply chain organizations of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company or General
Motors Corporation have permission to copy .Forms used in this manual.
,
FOREWORD
4th Edition
The FME3A 4th Edition is a reference manual to be used by suppliers to Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company, and Genera] Motors Corporation as a guide to assist them in the development of both Design and Process FMEAS. The manual does not define requirements; it is intended to clarify questions concerning the technical development of FMEAS. This manual is aligned with SAE J1739
.
Summary of Changes in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual.
The DFMEA and PFMEA methods described in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual include these associated with design at the system, subsystem, Interface, and component level and the process at manufacturing_ and assembly operations.
,
General Changes
・ The formatting used in the 4th edition is intended to provide easier reading.
・ An index is included.
・ Icons are used to indicate key paragraphs and visual cues are used.
・ Additional examples and verbiage have been provided to improve the utility of the manual and to provide a closer tie into the FMEA process as it develops.
・ Reinforcement of the need for management support, interest and review of the FMEA process and results.
・ Define and strengthen the understanding of the linkage between DFMEA and PFMEA as well as defining the linkages to other tools.
・ Improvements to the Severity, Occurrence. Detection ranking tables so that they are more meaningful to real world analysis and usage.
・ Alternative methods are introduced that are currently being applied in industry.
・ Additional appendices which have example forms and special case application of FMEA.
・ The focus on the "standard form" has been replaced with several options that represent the current application of FMEA in industry.
・ The suggestion that RPN not be used as the primary means for assessing risk. The need for improvement has been revised including an additional method, and the use of thresholds on RPN is clarified as a practice that is not recommended
Chapter I provides general FMEA guidelines, the need for management support and having a defined process for developing and maintaining FMEAS, and the need for continuous Improvement.
Chapter H describes the general application of the FMF.A methodology, which is common between DFMEA and PFMEA processes. This includes the planning, strategy, action plans, and the need for management support and responsibility in EMEAs.
Chapter Ⅲ focuses on DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of block diagram*-, various types of DFMEAS, formation of the teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, and follow-up, alternatives to RPN, and connection to PFMEAS and validation plans.
Chapter IV focuses on PFMEA (Process Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of flow diagrams, formation of teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, the connection to DFMEAs and the development of control plans.
The Appendices have several examples of forms for DMFEA and PFMEA and addresses different applications and procedures for addressing design and process risk,
The Supplier Quality Requirements Task Force would like to thank the following individuals, and their companies, who have contributed their time and effort to the development of this edition of the FMEA Reference Manual:
Michael Down, General Motors Corporation
LawreDce Br07.0wski. General Motors Corporation
Hisham You]lis. Ford Motor Company
David Bene~ict, Chrysler LLC
John Feghali. Chrysler J_LC
Michacl Schuberl~ Delphi
Rhonda Brender. Delphi
Gregory Gruska, Omnex
Glen Vallance, Control Planrling Jnitiatives
Milena Krasich Bose
William Haughey, ReliaTrain
This manual is a copyright of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company and General Motors
Corporation, with an rights reserved, Additional copies may be obtained from AJAG @
www.aiag,.org.
Supply chain organizations of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company or General
Motors Corporation have permission to copy .Forms used in this manual.
FOREWORD
4th Edition
The FME3A 4th Edition is a reference manual to be used by suppliers to Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company, and Genera] Motors Corporation as a guide to assist them in the development of both Design and Process FMEAS. The manual does not define requirements; it is intended to clarify questions concerning the technical development of FMEAS. This manual is aligned with SAE J1739
.
Summary of Changes in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual.
The DFMEA and PFMEA methods described in the 4th edition FMEA Reference Manual include these associated with design at the system, subsystem, Interface, and component level and the process at manufacturing_ and assembly operations.
,
General Changes
・ The formatting used in the 4th edition is intended to provide easier reading.
・ An index is included.
・ Icons are used to indicate key paragraphs and visual cues are used.
・ Additional examples and verbiage have been provided to improve the utility of the manual and to provide a closer tie into the FMEA process as it develops.
・ Reinforcement of the need for management support, interest and review of the FMEA process and results.
・ Define and strengthen the understanding of the linkage between DFMEA and PFMEA as well as defining the linkages to other tools.
・ Improvements to the Severity, Occurrence. Detection ranking tables so that they are more meaningful to real world analysis and usage.
・ Alternative methods are introduced that are currently being applied in industry.
・ Additional appendices which have example forms and special case application of FMEA.
・ The focus on the "standard form" has been replaced with several options that represent the current application of FMEA in industry.
・ The suggestion that RPN not be used as the primary means for assessing risk. The need for improvement has been revised including an additional method, and the use of thresholds on RPN is clarified as a practice that is not recommended
Chapter I provides general FMEA guidelines, the need for management support and having a defined process for developing and maintaining FMEAS, and the need for continuous Improvement.
Chapter H describes the general application of the FMF.A methodology, which is common between DFMEA and PFMEA processes. This includes the planning, strategy, action plans, and the need for management support and responsibility in EMEAs.
Chapter Ⅲ focuses on DFMEA (Design Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of block diagram*-, various types of DFMEAS, formation of the teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, and follow-up, alternatives to RPN, and connection to PFMEAS and validation plans.
Chapter IV focuses on PFMEA (Process Failure Mode Effects and Analysis), establishing the scope of the analysis, use of flow diagrams, formation of teams, basic procedure for analysis, action plans, the connection to DFMEAs and the development of control plans.
The Appendices have several examples of forms for DMFEA and PFMEA and addresses different applications and procedures for addressing design and process risk,
The Supplier Quality Requirements Task Force would like to thank the following individuals, and their companies, who have contributed their time and effort to the development of this edition of the FMEA Reference Manual:
Michael Down, General Motors Corporation
LawreDce Br07.0wski. General Motors Corporation
Hisham You]lis. Ford Motor Company
David Bene~ict, Chrysler LLC
John Feghali. Chrysler J_LC
Michacl Schuberl~ Delphi
Rhonda Brender. Delphi
Gregory Gruska, Omnex
Glen Vallance, Control Planrling Jnitiatives
Milena Krasich Bose
William Haughey, ReliaTrain
This manual is a copyright of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company and General Motors
Corporation, with an rights reserved, Additional copies may be obtained from AJAG @
www.aiag,.org.
Supply chain organizations of Chrysler LLC, Ford Motor Company or General
Motors Corporation have permission to copy .Forms used in this manual.