トルコ：警察が暴行や殺すと脅迫
治安活動の際に憂慮すべき人権侵害
(Istanbul, September 2, 2015) – Turkish police have engaged in severe ill-treatment and abuse of detainees while responding to perceived security threats in the southeastern part of the country, Human Rights Watch said today.
（イスタンブール、2015年9月2日）－トルコ警察は、同国南東部における安全保障上の脅威に対処する際、被拘留者に激しい虐待と人権侵害を行なった、と本日ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ（以下HRW）は述べた。
Human Rights Watch documented three cases in which men were severely beaten, kicked, forced to remain in kneeling positions for hours, and threatened with torture and execution. In another case, police detained a boy who had a severe gunshot wound and denied him the medical treatment he needed.
HRWが取りまとめた3事件では、3人の男性が、激しく殴る蹴るされる、数時間正座させられる、拷問・処刑すると脅されていた。またもう1つの事件では警察が、銃撃で重傷を負った少年を拘留し、必要な治療を受けさせなかった。
“It’s deeply worrying that police in Turkey’s southeast seem to be returning to abusive tactics in response to the security threats,” said Benjamin Ward, Europe and Central Asia division deputy director at Human Rights Watch. “The authorities should urgently investigate and prosecute those responsible, and ensure that people in custody are protected from ill-treatment and have prompt access to proper medical treatment.” Human Rights Watch made repeated efforts to discuss these cases with both the governor of Şırnak province and the district governor of Silopi, but has received no response.
「トルコ南東部の警察が、安全保障上の脅威に対処する際、人権侵害を伴う戦術を復活させたように思われるのは、本当に憂慮すべきことです」、とHRW欧州・中央アジア局長代理のベンジャミン・ワードは語った。「当局は加害者を至急捜査・訴追し、拘留されている人々が虐待から守られ、速やかに適切な治療を受けられるよう保証しなければなりません」。HRWはシュルナク県知事と同県シロピ郡知事の両者と、それらの事件について話し合うべく再三努力したが、何の返答も受けられなかった。
Torture and extrajudicial killings were serious problems in the predominantly Kurdish southeast during the height of the conflict between the Turkish state and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in the 1990s. Despite legal reforms since 2005 aimed at improving safeguards against ill-treatment and legal representation for those in detention, Human Rights Watch has repeatedly documented police violence and the lack of accountability for police officers committing such abuses.
拷問と超法規的処刑は、1990年代にトルコとクルディスタン労働者党（以下PKK）間の武装紛争が激化した際、クルド人が多数を占める南東部で重大な問題だった。虐待への予防手段と被拘留者の法的弁護の改善を目的として2005年以降、法律が改革されたのだが、警察による暴力事件と、人権侵害を行なった警察官が責任を問われないことが繰り返し起きている。
Renewed conflict between Turkish security forces and Kurdish militia has risen to worrying levels. The Turkish government, in a response to attacks attributed to the extremist group Islamic State (also known as ISIS) and the PKK near the border with Syria, has conducted massive counterterrorism raids across the country, blocking websites, and banning and dispersing protests.
トルコ治安部隊とクルド人民兵組織の間で起きた新たな武装紛争は、憂慮すべきレベルに上昇した。シリアとの国境付近における過激派組織イスラム国（アイシスとしても知られる）とPKKによる攻撃への対処で、トルコ政府は国内全域で大規模なテロ取締強制捜査を行い、ウェブサイトを遮断し、デモを禁止・解散させた。
The three men who described abuse in police custody were detained during an August 7, 2015 security operation in the predominantly Kurdish town of Silopi, near the Iraqi Kurdistan border, where members of the Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement (YDG-H), the youth wing of the PKK, had dug trenches and erected barricades to keep the police from entering the Başak neighborhood. According to the Human Rights Association (Insan Hakları Derneği, IHD), 4 people were killed in the ensuing clashes between Kurdish militants and the police, including 1 policeman, while 15 others, including at least 1 child, were wounded by gunfire.
警察での拘留中に人権侵害を受けたと訴える3人の男性は、イラク領クルド人自治区との国境近くに位置し、クルド人が圧倒的多数を占める街シロピで、2015年8月7日に行われた治安活動の際に拘束された。シロピでは、PKKの青年部、愛国革命青年運動（以下YDG-H)の構成員が、バシャク地区への警察の立入を防ぐため、塹壕を掘りバリケードを設置していた。人権協会（以下IHD）によれば、その後に起きたクルド人民兵組織と警察の衝突で、警察官1人を含む4人が死亡、少なくとも1人の児童を含む15人が銃傷を負っている
The three men were taken into police custody in front of a hospital on suspicion of being PKK members after they drove family members and neighbors there for treatment from injuries during the armed clashes. Six other men were also arrested at the hospital that day. The three men interviewed said they were beaten during their arrest, and on the way to and at the police station, with rifle butts, fire extinguishers, chains, batons, and brass knuckles, and threatened with further abuse and death.
3人の男性は、武力衝突の際に負った怪我の治療を受けさせるため、家族と隣人を車で病院に運んだ後に、PKK党員の疑いを掛けられ、病院の前にある警察に拘留された。当日病院では他にも6人の男性が、逮捕されている。聞取り調査に応じた3人の男性は、逮捕時と警察署への途中に、ライフルの台尻・消火器・チェーン・警棒・メリケンサックなどで暴行を受け、更に暴行して殺すと脅されたと語った。
The three men told Human Rights Watch that police refused to take them to a hospital for treatment of their injuries. They said that a doctor was brought to the police station, but he did not examine them and instead signed a pre-drafted statement that made no mention of the ill-treatment of the detainees. All of the nine men have since been released, and a criminal investigation has been opened against them.
3人の男性によれば、傷の治療に3人を病院に搬送するのを、警察は拒否したそうだ。医師が警察に連れて来られ、3人を診断しないまま、予め用意されていた被拘留者への虐待について、何も記載されていない意見書に署名した、と3人は語った。9人の男性全員がその後解放されたが、彼らへの刑事捜査は開始されている。
In another case, police denied adequate medical treatment to a seriously wounded 17-year-old boy who was taken into police custody in the town of Cizre during armed clashes between security forces and the YDG-H on July 30. The Cizre district governor told Human Rights Watch that the boy was shot while fighting alongside the YDG-H. His mother denied it and said he was shot in both cheeks while on the balcony of the family home.
もう1つの事件では警7月30日に治安部隊とYDG-Hの間で起きた武力衝突の際、シュルナク県ジズレの警察署に拘留された少年（17歳）が、重傷を負っていたにも拘らず、警察は適切な治療を受けさせなかった。ジズレ郡知事はHRWに、少年はYDG-H側で戦っていた際に撃たれたと述べたが、少年の母親はそれを否定、自宅のバルコニーにいた際に、両頬を撃たれたと語っている。
Relatives took him to the hospital, where police detained him. His mother said the police took him to another hospital in Elazığ, 400 kilometers away, and prevented her from accompanying him. The doctor in Elazığ certified him fit for interrogation even though he could not speak, said his lawyer, who had a copy of the medical report.
少年は親戚に病院に連れて行かれたが、そこで警察に逮捕された。警察が息子を400km離れたエラズーの病院に連れて行き、付き添いは許さなかった、と母親は話している。診断書を持っていた少年の弁護士によれば、エラズーの医師は、少年が会話できない状態にも拘らず、尋問できると認定したそうだ。
His lawyer said that he was still in severe pain and unable to speak when he was interrogated first by a prosecutor and later in the presence of a judge, who ordered his arrest. The lawyer said that the boy lost 90 percent of his eyesight in his left eye due to the lack of treatment and that doctors refused to perform surgery, though he was unaware of the reasons.
検察官から最初に取調を受けた際とその後少年の逮捕を命じた裁判官が立ち会う中で取調を受けた際、少年にはまだ激しい痛みがあり喋れなかった、と少年の弁護士は述べた。弁護士によれば、治療を受けられなかったのに加えて、医師たちが手術を拒否したのが原因で、少年は左目の視力を90％失ったが、その理由を少年は知らないそうだ。
The boy is currently in pretrial detention in the adult division of Şırnak prison, on suspicion of being a member of the YDG-H. His lawyer said that he is receiving medical treatment, but that it is inadequate.
少年は現在、YDG-Hの構成員だという容疑で、シュルナク刑務所の成人棟で審理前拘禁されている。母親によれば、息子は治療を受けているが、不十分だそうだ。
Turkey is party to both the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which prohibit inhuman and degrading treatment and torture. Turkey has strict obligations to protect the rights to life, bodily integrity, and security, and as part of those obligations, medical treatment must be provided promptly to anyone who is injured when arrested.
非人道的で尊厳を損なう待遇と拷問を禁じている、欧州人権条約と「市民的及び政治的権利に関する国際規約（以下ICCPR）」に、トルコは加盟している。生存・身体を傷つけられない・安全に対する権利を守る厳格な責務をトルコは有しており、その責務の一環として、逮捕時に負傷した者には速やかに治療を施さなければならない。
In a previous case, the European Court of Human Rights found Turkey guilty of violating its obligations when it failed to provide prompt and appropriate medical treatment to a person who had been detained allegedly on suspicion of PKK membership, and who had visible injuries to his head and evident difficulties in walking and talking.
PKK党員容疑で拘留された人物が、頭部に目に見える怪我をし、歩行と会話に明らかな困難を生じていたにも拘らず、速やかに適切な治療を受けられなかったという以前の事件で、欧州人権裁判所はトルコに対し責務違反で有罪判決を言渡している。
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), to which Turkey is a party, as well as the ICCPR, require that children be held separate from adults in detention, and the CRC specifies that “every child deprived of liberty shall be treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.”
トルコが加盟している「児童の権利に関する条約（以下CRC）」と共にICCPRは、拘留された児童は、成人とは分離されるよう求め、「自由を剥奪された全ての児童は、人道的に人間固有の尊厳を尊重した方法で取扱われる」、とCRCは明言している。
The Turkish authorities should ensure that its policing and security operations comply fully with human rights law, that police officers who violate fundamental rights and freedoms are held accountable, and that acts of torture and ill-treatment are investigated and prosecuted, Human Rights Watch said.
トルコ当局は、警察活動と治安活動による人権保護法の完全順守、基本的な権利と自由を侵害した警察官の責任追及、拷問や虐待といった行為の捜査・訴追を確保しなければならない。
“No one should be denied access to proper medical treatment, no matter the accusations against them,” Ward said. “The Turkish authorities should make sure that people in police custody and prison are getting the medical care they need.”
「どんな容疑が掛けられていようと、適切な治療を受けるのを許さない、などということがあってはなりません」、と前出のワードは語った。「トルコ当局は、拘留中や服役の人々が、必要な医療を受けるよう保証しなければなりません」
