news20091214gdn1

[News] from [guardian.co.uk]

[Environment > Copenhagen Climate change conference 2009]
Protests in Copenhagen: Rights groups press for inquiry into police tactics
Bibi van der Zee
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 13 December 2009 19.38 GMT Article history

Denmark may be breaching European law, Danish human rights groups claimed tonight as they called for their government to launch an immediate inquiry after police in Copenhagen used controversial kettling and mass preventative arrest tactics for the third day running.

Following the arrest of 68 people on Friday, and 958 yesterday on Saturday, police today arrested 257 demonstrators, "kettling" a section of a march near Osterport station, and as they had done on Saturday, cuffed the protesters and put them onto buses transporting them to a detention centre.

As the COP15 climate change summit in Copenhagen carries on into its second week, accounts were emerging of the treatment of the detainees on Saturday night – 945 of them had been released by this morning, with just 13 remaining in custody.

Maria Ludwig, 22, one of the detainees released, had arrived in Copenhagen from Germany on Friday, said: "They kept me for two hours with plastic cuffs around our wrists and our hands behind our back, and then they put us on the bus. We had nothing to eat or drink, and one man asked the police to go to the toilet and they said: 'No way are you going to put your trousers down, you'll just have to piss into your trousers.'"

Another protester from Germany, Chris, who asked not to give his surname, described the way that the detainees were made to sit: "With our legs on either side of the people in front of us, and then leaning on the person behind us, with our hands still cuffed behind our backs. It was very painful for the person behind you and you were in pain from the person in front of you. It looks like Guantánamo when you see it."

He described being kept in cages, constructed by police for holding detainees: "You have a cold solid floor and four mesh walls and a mesh ceiling, and outside cops walking around with dogs."

Humphrey Lloyd, 24, a protester from the UK, was held for six hours: "The whole thing is such an abuse of our right to peaceful assembly. This was so obviously the fluffier part of the march."

Campaign groups, NGOs and human rights groups in Denmark and in Britain condemned the actions of the police. In the UK the use of kettling became controversial at the G20 protests this April.

Claus Bonnez, a lawyer working with Krim, a human rights and legal support organisation, said: "This has all been done under the fairly new law which entitles police to arrest people and keep them for up to 12 hours. But according to the European Court of Human Rights process, the police will have to prove that it is necessary for democratic society to make such arrests. And I don't think that the Danish police will be able to prove that."

Ida Thuesen, of Amnesty International Denmark said: "We call for the government ombudsman to begin an immediate investigation into the arrests last night. When nearly 1,000 people are arrested and then all but 13 are released it means that many of those people were just innocent people in the wrong place at the wrong time."

Deborah Doane, director of World Development Movement said: "It's absolutely outrageous that the police responded in this extreme manner on an incredibly family-friendly march. It's a complete violation of the right to protest and a step towards the breakdown of democracy. This is the most crucial issue of our time and the people must be heard, not criminalised."

Activists intend to continue with their demonstrations this week.


[Environment > Copenhagen Climate change conference 2009]
Copenhagen summit: How major blocs have fared and what they want
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 13 December 2009 19.20 GMT Article history

European Union
Last week: The EU ended the week with a bang, upping its offer of climate aid to poorer nations to €2.4bn a year from next month. But the bloc's trump card – an upgrade from a 20% to a 30% cut to its emissions by 2020 – remained unplayed. Despite the stir it caused, chief negotiator Artur Runge-Metzger said the "Danish text" was "just a piece of paper".

This week: The EU will certainly need to table the 30% offer if the talks are to progress. It will also have to calm the fears of eastern European countries fearful of the costs and soothe the egos of the leaders of the big nations who will want all of the glory of success (or none of the blame). Levies on international aviation and shipping, supported by some EU nations, may help.

US
Last week: The US delegation aimed to show it was serious about taking action to stop global warming, despite the uncertainty of getting a law through congress. But in comments on funding the fight against climate change chief negotiator Todd Stern lived up to his name: "I don't envision public funds, certainly not from the United States, going to China." He also said the US, the biggest carbon emitter in history, did not owe reparations.

This week: The US will fiercely fight off pressure to increase its offers on both emissions cuts and long-term funding. It will stress its 17% target by 2020 on 2005 levels is more than the EU's over the same period. It does seem poised to offer up to $1.5bn for immediate assistance to poor countries.

China
Last week: Vice foreign minister He Yafei ripped into Todd Stern. "I don't want to say the gentleman is ignorant. I think he lacks common sense or is extremely irresponsible". Earlier top climate negotiator Su Wei lambasted rich nations for offering an immediate fund of a mere $10bn a year for developing nations to deal with climate change.

This week: The Chinese delegation are desperate to finalise a document so prime minister Wen Jiabao can avoid being leaned on in a last-minute huddle. When that happened at a recent summit in Europe, Wen was so unhappy with the pressure being put on him to offer more on curbing emissions that he ended the meeting prematurely.

Rest of the world
Last week: The world's 6 billion poor, represented by the 133 countries in the G77 plus China group, the 42 LDCs (least developed countries) and the 47-strong Association of Small Island States (Aosis), began with three objectives: to defend the Kyoto protocol, the only legal treaty that requires developed countries to reduce their emissions; to make sure that rich countries reduce their emissions; and to secure around $400bn a year by 2020.

This week: There is still no long-term money on the table, and the chances of getting really ambitious emissions cut agreements from the rich are minimal. They appear to have won the immediate battle to save the Kyoto protocol, and the poorest and most forested countries could secure more money than others; but there are fears that the eventual cash on offer will not be guaranteed, will be conditional and not additional to existing aid.

news20091214gdn2

[News] from [guardian.co.uk]

[Environment > Copenhagen Climate change conference 2009]
Archbishop of Canterbury says fear hinders climate change battle
Rowan Williams tells Copenhagen service corporations and governments are afraid to make choices to bring real change
Riazat Butt, Religious affairs correspondent
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 13 December 2009 19.51 GMT Article history

People are so paralysed by fear and selfishness they cannot save the planet, the archbishop of Canterbury said on Sunday during a church service in Copenhagen.

Rowan Williams was preaching in the Danish capital as crucial UN climate change talks entered their second and final week.

He said that fear paralysed individuals, corporations and governments from making the choices needed to affect real and lasting change.

"We are afraid because we don't know how we can survive without the comforts of our existing lifestyle. We are afraid that new policies will be unpopular with a national electorate. We are afraid that younger and more vigorous economies will take advantage of us – or we are afraid that older, historically dominant economies will use the excuse of ecological responsibility to deny us our proper and just development."

Yesterday church bells in Denmark and other countries rang 350 times to represent the figure many scientists believe is a safe level of carbon dioxide in the air: 350 parts per million.

Joining Williams at Copenhagen's Lutheran cathedral was Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa and religious leaders from Tuvalu, Zambia, Mexico and Greenland. Williams, who led the ecumenical service, said a paralysing sense of fear and selfishness would deny future generations a "stable, productive and balanced world to live in" and instead give them a world of "utterly chaotic and disruptive change, of devastation and desertification, of biological impoverishment and degradation."

There was even a sense that people were not frightened enough by this apocalyptic vision and cautioned against this approach, saying it would "drive out one sickness with another."

"It can make us feel that the problem is too great and we may as well pull up the bedclothes and wait for disaster. It can tempt us to blaming one another or waiting for someone else to make the first move," he added.

But humans were not "doomed to carry on in a downward spiral of the greedy, addictive, loveless behaviour" that had brought mankind to this crisis and he urged people to scrutinise their lifestyles and policies and how these demonstrated care for creation. Hecalled on people to consider what a sustainable and healthy relationship with the world would look like.

His message for conference delegates centred on trusting each other in a world of limited resources. "How shall we build international institutions that make sure that resources get where they are needed – that 'green taxes' will deliver more security for the disadvantaged, that transitions in economic patterns will not weigh most heavily on those least equipped to cope?"

Williams has had a busy few week: railing against the UK government for its religious illiteracy, condemning proposed anti-homosexuality legislation in Uganda, grappling with fresh dissent in the Anglican Communion and travelling to the landmark environment summit.In an interview with Channel 4 News last Saturday Williams warned that there were no "quick solutions" to global warming and said that there was a finite amount that individuals could do to make a difference.

He said: "I don't think there are any quick solutions, any absolutes here, but I think these are the sorts of issues about energy use particularly, whether it's travel or domestically, that have to be really up in front of our minds."

Foreign holidays were not an "easy call, frankly" while he decreed that everyone should use public transport as much as possible while at the very least enquire about ecologically sustainable travel.

He said that high-energy consuming vehicles in a city where there were alternatives were an irresponsible way of dealing with the crisis.

"We use a hybrid car for that reason as my official car in London. I'm also coming back from Copenhagen by train on this occasion rather than flying," he added.


[Environment > Wildlife]
Environment Agency: British wildlife faces climate change devastation
The UK is already feeling the effects of global warming, as rising temperatures put native species at risk of extinction
Press Association
guardian.co.uk, Monday 14 December 2009 10.40 GMT Article history

Rising temperatures and sea levels brought on by climate change could have devastating effects on British wildlife from salmon to wildfowl, the Environment Agency warned today as climate talks entered a second week in Copenhagen.

The agency said the country's waterways could be hit by invading species, such as African clawed toads and South American water primrose, which spread disease to native wildlife and clog up rivers and streams, causing flooding.

Fish species such as Atlantic salmon and trout, which need cold water may struggle to survive, are already declining in warming southern English rivers and estuaries.

Insects, which form an integral part of the food chain, will fall by a fifth for every 1C rise in temperatures in upland streams, the government agency warned.

Rising sea levels could inundate salt marshes and mudflats, which are used by migrating birds such as redshank plovers and wildfowl.

According to the government's conservation agency, Natural England, the UK's wildlife – from oak trees to newts – is already feeling the effects of climate change.

Lord Chris Smith, chairman at the Environment Agency, said: "There is a danger that we think of climate change as something that is happening in other countries. But it's not just polar bears and rainforests that are at risk.

"What we see in our rivers, gardens, seas and skies here in the UK is already changing and delays in reducing harmful greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more severe impacts."

The Wildlife Trust is warning that species such as hazel dormice and bluebells are under pressure because of warmer weather, which will affect hibernating animals and bring trees into leaf earlier.

But warmer temperatures could allow the likes of spoonbills, wasp spiders and loose-flowered orchids to become more abundant or colonise for the first time.

European birds and insects which can easily move could be the first to increase their range into this country, while those native species least able to move their ranges further north or higher into the uplands as temperatures rise are most at risk of declines or extinction.

Dr Tom Tew, chief scientist at Natural England, said studies dating over the past 75 years show oak trees are coming into leaf three weeks earlier than they were in the 1950s.

As a result, insects are shifting their emergence patterns to fit in, which deprives birds of food to feed their chicks.

Newts are coming back into ponds in November, instead of March as they were in the 1970s, and swallows in Cornwall "aren't even bothering to migrate" south in winter, he said.

Tew believes the answer, for both wildlife and humans, is to work with the natural environment to help people, plants and animals adapt to the warming climate.

For example, creating salt marshes on the coast protects against flooding more cost effectively than concrete walls, provides carbon storage, nurseries for fish stocks and habitat for wildlife.

And we need to make the landscape more "permeable", allowing wildlife to move further north and higher up as temperatures rise by providing more "stepping stones" such as ponds and hedgerows.

The Environment Agency is working to provide new habitats to replace lost wetlands and improve water quality to give species vulnerable to climate change such as eels the best chance of survival.

Smith said there was also an urgent need for all countries to limit their emissions to avoid the "disastrous consequences" of a world in which temperatures rise by 4C or more.

news20091214gdn3

[News] from [guardian.co.uk]

[Business]
Bank of England urged to give climate scientist a warm welcome
> MPC needs green advocate, says former scientific adviser
> Economic policy must not overlook low-carbon projects
Patrick Wintour
guardian.co.uk, Monday 14 December 2009 Article history

The government's former chief scientific adviser is calling for a climate scientist to be given a seat on the Bank of England's monetary policy committee, saying the bank currently operates without regard for the environment.

The proposal today from Sir David King, scientific adviser under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, is known to have the support in principle of some MPC members.

King also criticises the Treasury under Alistair Darling, saying "it is pulling in the wrong direction" and not doing enough to promote a green economy. Writing in Prospect magazine, King lambasts the Treasury "for a wasted opportunity", saying it was "shaming and frustrating" that only 10% of its economic stimulus package could be classified as green.

"Most of that money could have been directed into low-carbon projects, such as energy-efficiency boosts for our ageing housing stock. This also would put unemployed construction workers back to work," he writes.

He points out that South Korea committed 80% of its stimulus money to low-carbon growth and China managed 50%.

He suggests that in Britain: "At best, the Treasury sees carbon reduction as a distraction from their primary focus: GDP growth, reducing unemployment and raising productivity. At worst, they follow the Nigel Lawson school: that even if climate change is real, we should let pure markets operate to solve it.

"The same is sadly often true for central bankers, who rarely even consider carbon as an important by-product of a stable money supply and low inflation".

He writes that the only effective international response to the threat of climate change is market intervention through a global carbon price. But at a national level, effective government interventions to reduce carbon can be undone by monetary policy including the setting of interest rates very low to stimulate growth.

"The problem is that any big levers the government might support – carbon pricing, long-term rules forcing more renewables and nuclear energy into the grid, much higher road tax and congestion charges – could be partially undone by the Bank if monetary policy is used to push for less sustainable patterns of growth."

He suggests the current arms-length climate change committee, chaired by Lord Turner, should be relocated to the Bank.

Traditionally, the Bank has been wary of anything that might dilute its aim of targeting inflation. But MPC members such as Andrew Sentance, who is on the green fiscal commission, could be interested in discussing King's ideas.

[Business > Airline industry]
Tories under pressure to rethink airport expansion policy
> New climate report gives 'headroom' for changed stance
> Green targets could be met even with more passengers
Dan Milmo
The Observer, Sunday 13 December 2009 Article history

The Conservative party faces pressure from businesses to lift a moratorium on airport expansion after the government's advisory body on climate change said a third runway could be built at Heathrow without breaching emissions targets.

Business lobby group London First said the report by the Committee on Climate Change gave the Tories "headroom" to change their stance. The committee said this week that British airports could handle a further 140 million people per year and still meet a target of capping 2050 carbon dioxide emissions at 2005 levels, challenging the Tory argument that expansion should be ruled out on environmental grounds.

"After the election I would like to see the Conservative party address the issue of how we support a globally linked economy in London and the south-east," said Baroness Valentine, London First's chief executive. "There are several competent economists among senior Tories, so they must understand the necessity of international connectivity to London's continued success."

She added: "A position that says we need no extra airport capacity in the future is reducing your options somewhat once you get into government."

The London Chamber of Commerce and Industry said the case for a new runway at Heathrow was "compelling" and it would be reiterating that to the Conservatives. "The committee's findingsthis week further reinforce the case for a third runway at Heathrow and we will be making the point to all political parties that there are now no reasonable grounds to halt expansion at the airport," said Colin Stanbridge, chief executive of the LCCI.

Heathrow's owner, BAA said channelling new passengers into regional airports would cut the UK off from long-haul destinations. "The one form of aviation that we cannot substitute easily is long-haul and Heathrow can provide long-haul connections that no other airport can," said Colin Matthews, BAA chief executive.

One senior Conservative party figure admitted to the Observer that "there will be some pressure" applied to David Cameron, the Conservative party leader, and the shadow transport secretary, Theresa Villiers, in the wake of the report.

Earlier this year, Conservative frontbencher Geoffrey Clinton-Brown was slapped down after he indicated the Tories might revise the runway policy if they won the election. "It is pointless Britain cutting down on air travel only to find it goes to other European countries. So I expect this is an issue that will need to be revisited after the election," he said.

The committee's findings make it possible for any party to implement the government's 2003 aviation white paper without breaching the 2050 target. The paper recommends new runways at Heathrow, Stansted and Edinburgh, which would see just over 130 million more passengers using British airports by 2030.

Villiers and David Cameron still appear to have strong support within the party. Steven Norris, architect of the Conservative runway embargo, said he disagreed with the committee's growth projections because they do not account for a sustained spike in oil prices in the decades to come. "God is on the side of Theresa Villiers and she has nothing to fear from the Committee on Climate Change," he said.

The former Tory transport minister recommended the moratorium in the influential Blueprint for a Green Economy policy document published by Zac Goldsmith and John Gummer two years ago, and believes that technological changes such as videoconferencing will negate long-haul flying. "The committee report points to the need for more runways but I think that everything points in the opposite direction, to the death of distance."

Villiers argues the extra growth can be taken up without adding runways at the UK's largest airports – Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted – even though airports based in the south-east handled nearly six out of 10 air passengers last year, when a total of 235 million travellers flew in and out of the UK. "The bigger the expansion permitted at Heathrow, the greater the constraints that will be faced by regional airports. Labour's approach could see regions yet again lose out as regional airports are left to wither on the vine to give head room for the massive carbon footprint caused by Heathrow expansion."

The Conservative stance is supported by Birmingham International Airport's chief executive, Paul Kehoe, who fears the report will be used as an excuse to grow Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted at the expense of the rest of the UK. If London's three largest airports were allowed to develop new runways, the others would not be able to handle any more passengers than they do currently.

news20091214nn

[naturenews] from [nature.com]

[naturenews]
Published online 13 December 2009 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2009.1140
News
Stem-cell induction made simpler
Induced pluripotent stem cells made by inserting genes at just one location.
Brendan Borrell

{{Mouse cells can be reprogrammed by a single cassette of genes.}
CORBIS}

Adult mouse cells can now be reprogrammed to a stem-cell-like state with the help of a single genetic insertion — rather than the multiple gene insertions required in the past. The advance also enables reprogrammable mice to be maintained in the lab generation after generation.

Three years ago, Shinya Yamanaka at Kyoto University and his colleagues made a splash by creating the first induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which can develop into any of the body's cell types. Because they are obtained using adult body cells, iPS cells hold the potential for being used to develop human therapies without the ethical concerns associated with stem cells obtained from embryos. So far, iPS cells have been reprogrammed from a wide variety of somatic cell types, including skin, blood and liver cells, but scientists are still unsure how iPS cells compare to true embryonic stem cells.

One challenge has been the fact that to induce pluripotency, four reprogramming genes must be inserted into the genome — Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. This requires the use of multiple retroviruses, meaning the genes end up in random locations in the mouse genome, which can interfere with the function of the mouse's own genes. Moreover, offspring of these mice must be screened to ensure that they contain all of the required reprogramming genes.

Now, two teams of researchers — one led by Rudolf Jaenisch at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and the other led by his former student Konrad Hochedlinger at Harvard University, also in Cambridge, Massachusetts — describe a technique in Nature Methods that avoids these difficulties^1,2.

Time-saver

The researchers combined the four mouse reprogramming genes onto a piece of DNA, known as a cassette, which they inserted at a single locus in the mouse genome. The mice were then bred, and their somatic cells were transformed into iPS cells following the addition of the antibiotic doxycycline, which triggers the cassette to express the four reprogramming genes.

{{“The problem with a virus is that you never really know where it landed in the genome.”}
Konrad Hochedlinger
Harvard University}

"The advantage of this method is that the single gene has been introduced to a defined locus," says Hochedlinger, "The problem with a virus is that you never really know where it landed in the genome or how well it was expressed." By eliminating this variability, Hochedlinger says that the technique will eliminate the need for further screening in the mice and free up the equivalent of one full-time employee in his lab. "I'm very happy," he says.

The technique may also help to answer lingering doubts about the differences between iPS cells and embryonic stem cells. A study earlier this year in Cell Stem Cell showed that hundreds of genes are differentially expressed in the two cell types³, and another revealed that iPS cells are not as efficient as embryonic stem cells at differentiating into all cell types⁴. Matthias Stadtfeld of Harvard University, who is first author on one of the reprogramming studies², says that it will now be possible to compare two genetically matched cell types and ask if iPS cells are as useful as embryonic stem cells. "We are fairly confident you can reprogram any cell type, the question is: are we ending up with the same quality of cells in the end?"

Super strains

Other experts agree that the advance will circumvent limitations with iPS technologies. "I've been hoping these guys would make these strains of mice," says stem-cell biologist George Daley of the Children's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, who was not involved in the research.
Although some researchers have developed non-genetic systems to reprogram cells using proteins or small molecules (see 'Stem-cell therapies closer to the clinic'), Daley points out that such methods are currently "incredibly inefficient". To improve efficiency and safety so that these techniques can be used in humans, scientists could potentially create lines of mice with just three of the four reprogramming genes, and screen for chemicals that could be used as an alternative to inserting the fourth reprogramming gene.

"Fundamentally, everyone is looking to improve the efficiency of reprogramming using chemicals, proteins and the like," Daley says. "These two papers give you a substrate on which to work."

References
1. Carey, B. W., Markoulaki, S., Beard, C., Hanna, J. & Jaenisch, R. Nature Methods advance online publication doi:10.1038/nmeth.1410 (2009).
2. Stadtfeld, M., Maherali, N., Borkent, M. & Hochedlinger, K. Nature Methods advance online publication doi:10.1038/nmeth.1409 (2009).3. Chin, M. H. et al. Cell Stem Cell 5, 111-123 (2009).
4. Zhao, X.-Y. et al. Nature 461, 86-90 (2009).


[naturenews]
Published online 13 December 2009 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2009.1141
News
Genome reveals panda's carnivorous side
Bamboo-eater seemingly has no genes for cellulose-digesting enzymes.
Jane Qiu

{{Jingjing, the three-year-old female panda whose genome has been sequenced.}
Zhihe Zhang}

The complete genetic sequence of the giant panda has revealed that the iconic Chinese bear has all the genes required to digest meat — but not its staple food, bamboo.

The international team sequenced a three-year-old female panda called Jingjing, who was also a mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and found that she lacks any recognizable genes for cellulases — enzymes that break down the plant material cellulose. "The panda's bamboo diet may be dictated by its gut bacteria rather than by its own genetic composition," says Wang Jun, deputy director of the Beijing Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, who led the sequencing project.

The researchers also discovered that the T1R1 gene, which encodes a key receptor for the savoury or 'umami' flavour of meat, has become an inactive 'pseudogene' due to two mutations. "This may explain why the panda diet is primarily herbivorous even though it is classified as a carnivore," says Wang.

The research, published in Nature¹, shows that pandas have about 21,000 genes packed into 21 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex chromosomes. Of all the mammals that have been sequenced, pandas are most similar to dogs — with 80% similarity — and are only 68% similar to humans.

But the bear's genome has undergone fewer genetic changes over time than those of dogs and humans, suggesting that it evolved more slowly. The panda is often regarded as a 'living fossil' because its ancestors are thought to have lived in China more than eight million years ago.

The study also shows pandas have a high degree of genetic diversity — about twice as much as humans. "This shows that the panda has a good chance of survival despite its small population size," says Wang.

"The study has laid the biological foundation to better understand pandas, and has the potential for improving conservation by controlling diseases and boosting reproduction of the species," says Jianguo Liu, a conservation biologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Missouri, who was not involved in the study.

Habitat threat

But critics stress that protecting the panda's increasingly fragmented and shrinking habitat is a more pressing issue in their conservation. China is thought to be home to around 1,600 wild pandas — though the actual number is hotly debated. Another 300 or so live in captivity.

Some conservationists, such as Fan Zhiyong, director of the conservation group WWF's China species programme, believe that the panda genome will have little impact on conservation efforts. "Protecting pandas in the wild remains the top priority, but their habitats are becoming smaller and smaller," says Fan. "If we don't have any wild pandas one day, what can we do with their genes?"

Although China has set up several panda sanctuaries since the 1960s, economic development often takes precedence over conservation. Consequently, pandas' habitats are often invaded by construction projects such as dams and highways. Tourism is also a big threat because pandas are reclusive creatures. For example, Jiuzhaigou, a panda sanctuary in Sichuan, is visited by millions of tourists every year. "You don't see any pandas there anymore," says Fan. "This is hardly surprising."

There is "no doubt" that information from the genome and habitat protection are both crucial for conservation efforts, says Wang. The panda genome, the first in a string of sequencing efforts by the Shenzhen institute, will be a test of how such genetic information can help in the conservation of endangered species, he adds. The team has got a draft genome map of the polar bear, and has started sequencing the genome of the Tibetan antelope.

References
1. Li, R. et al. Nature doi:10.1038/nature08696 (2009).