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news20090914gdn

2009-09-14 14:51:57 | Weblog
[News] from [guardian.co.uk]

[Environment > Endangered habitats]
Sir Peter Scott centenary marked by new home for endangered bats
Maev Kennedy
The Guardian, Monday 14 September 2009 Article history

A gleaming white cube that the Turner prize winner Jeremy Deller calls "a luxury hotel for bats" will be unveiled today to mark the centenary of the birth of the naturalist and wildlife artist Sir Peter Scott.

The £120,000 bat house has been built at the London Wetland Centre by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust founded by Scott. The only child of Scott of the Antarctic, Scott was born on 14 September, 1909, and was dubbed "conservation's patron saint" by Sir David Attenborough.

The complex of ponds and shallow lakes at the centre in Barnes, west London – created 10 years ago from a derelict waterworks – is home to hundreds of native and migrating birds as well as thousands more plant and animal species, including rare moths and butterflies, dragonflies, frogs and water voles. At dusk, bats, increasingly endangered in the south-east, hunt through the mist of insects hovering over the water. Of the 17 native British species of bat, eight have been spotted at Barnes.

Along with brass bands, acid house music, bicycles, processions, and tin badges, Deller loves bats. He sees them in trouble, their flight paths disrupted by lighting, their roosts in trees and old buildings vanishing under concrete. He persuaded the Wetland Centre to add a bat house to its wildlife habitats, and organised an international design competition that attracted hundreds of entries from schoolchildren, architects, and members of the public. The sleek, white and modern design is by two architecture students, Jorgen Tandberg from Oslo and Yo Murata from Tokyo, who met at the Architectural Association college in London.

It incorporates homes for several species of bats, designed on the advice of the Bat Conservation Trust.

The box, which has an invisible black roof to make the interior warmer, is built of Hemcrete, an environmentally friendly mixture of hemp fibre and lime that holds layers of computer-cut fretwork panels, which are not just decorative but incorporate the small, dry, dark spaces bats love.

"It's great," Deller said. "I wouldn't mind living there myself."

news20090914sn

2009-09-14 12:26:24 | Weblog
font size="3" color="#2f4f4f" face="Georgia">[SN Today] from [ScienceNews]

[SN Today]
Citation amnesia: Not good for our health
BLOG: Researchers fail to mention previous publications in findings
By Janet Raloff
Web edition : Sunday, September 13th, 2009

VANCOUVER, B.C. — Researchers today (September 12) reported uncovering a type of latent epidemic amnesia among certain biomedical scientists. The at-risk population: researchers testing new therapies on large groups of people. The chief symptom: Affected researchers write up their findings but neglect to put them into context by mentioning earlier human trials on the same topic.

Implications: Studies exhibiting this citation amnesia (a term apparently coined decades ago by Robert Merton of Columbia University) risk diminishing the apparent “weight of evidence” that’s already accumulated on how good, bad or limited a therapy is.

If amnesic authors were truly unaware of earlier work by others, they may unnecessarily have spent funds — and exposed human subjects to potentially risky therapies — in the pursuit of “establishing” what ostensibly had already been known. If these authors were merely feigning amnesia, they could be fostering the impression that they’re trailblazers when in fact they are anything but.

“Clinical trials [meaning those involving people] should not be started or interpreted without consideration of prior trials that addressed the same or similar questions,” maintain Karen Robinson and Steven Goodman of Johns Hopkins University. At the International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, here in Vancouver, they described their initial foray into assessing systematically the extent to which published reports of clinical trials have been citing relevant prior trials.

The pair searched an Internet archive known as the Web of Science for meta-analyses available in 2004 that had investigated groups of clinical trials on a common topic. It might have been a dermatology treatment, a heart-surgery procedure, even a psychiatric therapy. In all, they turned up 227 such meta-analyses which described 1,523 separate clinical trials in 19 different fields.

After tracking down the original papers describing the trials mentioned in the meta-analyses, Robinson quantified the extent to which each trial had cited earlier ones and coined a term for the resulting figure: the Prior Research Citation Index, or PRCI.

To be included in the Hopkins survey, each new-ish trial had to have followed at least three earlier ones. A few trials had been preceded by as many as 58.

Perhaps the most disturbing stat to emerge from this analysis: Of 1,101 papers for which there had been at least five priors available to cite, 46 percent acknowledged the existence of no more than one previous trial. Many papers in this group actually cited none of the available priors. “On average,” Robinson says, “the trials were reporting about 21 percent of the prior trials looking at the same question.”

Some participants at the meeting wanted to know whether a prior cite was more likely to be for some systematic review of research in its area. The answer: Not really.

Perhaps the studies preferentially pointed to the biggest prior trials, someone said — ones that might be statistically strongest. Robinson had analyzed this and yes, she acknowledged, the bigger trials were slightly more likely to be cited. To probe the significance of this, she quantified the share of earlier trial participants these citations accounted for. “And we found that about 33 percent of the study participants in prior trials were represented,” if she analyzed the priors that way. Overall, it looks slightly better, she says. “But it means that 67 percent of earlier participants were still not represented.”

Some journal editors participating at today’s meeting noted that they looked for novelty in a submitted manuscript. And some of the trial reports that the Hopkins researchers investigated claimed novelty — that they were the first to investigate something. Among the 15 papers with the highest PRCI, one made such a claim of being first; four among the 15 reports with the lowest PRCI made that claim. But of course, Robinson notes, “none of these were the first.”

She also turned up what I would call the bandwagon effect. Once a trial got cited in somebody’s bibliography, the odds of it happening again doubled.

At least one scientist in attendance at the meeting posited a possibly benign explanation for the seemingly rampant citation amnesia that had been quantified. He’d found that journal editors have been imposing very tight page constraints on the length of a published paper. To make some of his manuscripts fit, he said he’d had to choose between explaining new data or including a full list of citations to related work. He chose to ditch some of those cites.

news20090914bbc1

2009-09-14 07:57:24 | Weblog
[One-Minute World News] from [BBC NEWS]

[Asia-Pacific]
Page last updated at 09:47 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 10:47 UK
China watched for leadership sign
China's Communist Party has opened a key annual meeting which might indicate leadership succession plans.


{Vice President Xi Jinping is seen as a probably successor to Hu Jinta}
The four-day session is widely expected to promote Vice President Xi Jinping to the powerful military commission.

This would make him a clear front-runner to succeed Hu Jintao as party leader in 2012, and president in 2013.

Analysts say the party will also use the meeting to promote unity ahead of next month's celebrations to mark the 60-year anniversary of Communist rule.

A regulation requiring party cadres to reveal their family wealth and assets is reportedly up for discussion.

Closed talks

The Central Committee full session, or plenum, will meet behind closed doors until Friday.

According to state news agency Xinhua, the 204-member committee will discuss a draft document on "party building" which covers everything from the battle against corruption to recruitment for the 75 million-member party.

It is hard to predict the inner workings of China's top leadership, but analysts are primarily watching this meeting for signs that Xi Jinping will cement his status by gaining a seat at the powerful military commission.

Mr Xi became the heir apparent when he was appointed to the Politburo Standing Committee two years ago, and is widely seen to have done well in his position of vice-president since then.

President Hu was elected to the military commission in 1999, paving the way for his rise to the presidency less than four years later, and Mr Xi is expected to follow the same trajectory.

The military commission is in charge of the 2.3 million-strong People's Liberation Army.

The son of a communist revolutionary hero, 56-year-old Mr Xi is married to a well-known singer.

He has served in the past as the top party official in the eastern provinces of Fujian and Zhejiang, and more recently as Shanghai's top leader.


[Asia-Pacific]
Page last updated at 06:16 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 07:16 UK
China allays US trade war fears
China has said it does not think its trade disputes with the US will hurt ties between the two countries, playing down the threat of a trade war.


{The White House faced pressure to impose tyre tariffs from unions}

The US imposed tariffs on Chinese tyre imports on Friday. China then requested talks, under World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, over the issue.

"We don't want to see anything bad happen to bilateral relations," the Chinese commerce ministry said.

China has called America's move on tyres "protectionist".

Under WTO rules, Beijing and Washington will try to solve the dispute over the next 60 days through negotiations.

If that fails, China can ask for a WTO panel to make a ruling on tyre imports.

'Groundless'

"The US judgement about the disturbance is groundless," the Chinese commerce ministry said.

"During the Chinese-US negotiations, the US side never gave feedback on whether Chinese tyre products disturbed local markets," it added.

On Friday, under pressure from US unions, the White House announced duties of an additional 35% on Chinese-made tyres for one year, followed by tariffs of 30% and 25% in the following two years.

It said it was in order "to remedy a market disruption caused by a surge in tyre imports".

The tariffs come under so-called "safeguard" rules introduced when China joined the WTO, to prevent the possibility of China flooding the US market with its goods.

President Barack Obama is the first to use the safeguard rules.

Larry Summers, director of Mr Obama's National Economic Council, said Washington had tried to negotiate a solution with Beijing but those talks failed.

It would be an "abdication of responsibility" to not impose the duties, he said.

Tyres surge

The US imported about 46 million tyres from China last year, more than three times as many as in 2004. The Chinese share of the market went from less than 5% to 17% in that period.

On Sunday, China's state-run media quoted experts saying that 100,000 Chinese jobs could be lost as a result of the US tariffs.

Shares in US tyremakers gained on the announcement. Goodyear Tire closed 3% higher on Monday, and Cooper Tire & Rubber Co shares rose as much as 13%.

But Chinese tyremakers fell. Double Coin fell 10%, which is the daily limit to stock fluctuations.

Shanghai-listed Giti Tire said the US tariffs would have a "negative impact" on its business as tyre exports to the US accounted for about 25% of its revenues last year.

Separately, foreign direct investment in China rose at an annual rate of 7% to $7.5bn (£4.5bn) in August, after plunging over the previous two months, the commerce ministry said.

That compares with declines of 35.7% in July and 6.8% in June.


[Asia-Pacific]
Page last updated at 04:06 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 05:06 UK
China and Macau to develop island
The authorities in Zhuhai, southern China, have announced a detailed blueprint of plans to develop Hengqin island.


The island, home to about 4,000 people, is very close to Macau.

The plans call for oil and gas terminals, entertainment centres and a branch of Macau's university to be accessed by tunnel.

Development planning for the complex cross-border project has been under way for the past decade.

Debate has been controversial due to the differing legal and political systems between China and Macau.

Macau is a former Portuguese colony which has now been granted autonomy under Chinese sovereignty.

Bold plans

The blueprint announced by the Zhuhai authorities includes a massive gas terminal and gas-engine generator projects and a huge ocean-themed entertainment centre.

Most controversially it will include a branch of the Macau University.

A Zhuhai official said students and staff would be able to access the university through a special tunnel without needing to go through immigration checkpoints.

"Because the new campus will be operated according to Macau laws... we expect to make it a self-contained area that is separated from other parts of the island," Niu Jing, deputy director of Hengqin's administrative committee, was quoted as saying by the South China Morning Post newspaper.

It remains unclear if Macau police would have access to the campus on Chinese territory.

Zhuhai authorities say they want to see the island generate 56 billion yuan ($8bn, £4.9bn) in annual GDP by 2020.

Currently the island of 106 square km is described as bleak, largely empty, generating just 128 million last year.

The population is expected to increase to 120,000 by 2015 and 280,000 by 2020.

One country?

The blueprint announcement follows the approval from China's central government in August for Hengqin to become the country's third strategic new zone, after Shanghai's Pudong district and Tianjin's Binhai area.

"It will be a pilot project for a new co-operation mode between Hong Kong and Macau under the 'one country, two systems' arrangement," Zhuhai mayor Zhong Shijian told reporters.

He said the island would also pilot co-operation projects with Macau in customs, financial and revenue systems and land management, and was looking for investment from the world's top corporations.


[Asia-Pacific]
Page last updated at 09:23 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 10:23 UK
Japan Airlines to cut 6,800 jobs
Japan Airlines (JAL) plans to cut 6,800 jobs and pursue a tie-up with an international carrier.


{The airline expects a heavy loss for the year}

"The personnel reduction cannot wait," said JAL president Haruka Nishimatsu.

Media reports have said several US and European airlines are in the running to take a stake in the loss-making carrier.

Mr Nishimatsu said JAL, which lost more than one billion dollars in the April-June quarter, will have a deal in place by the middle of October.

The airline had already launched a programme of job cuts, plans for fuel-efficiency and a focus on business customers.

Reports this week have suggested that Delta Airlines and American Airlines are in talks to invest in JAL to expand into Asia via code-sharing agreements.

On Tuesday, another report said Air France-KLM joined those discussions. Each is discussing an investment of as much as $300m (£181m), the reports said.

Shares in JAL dropped 3.4%, after climbed nearly 8% on Monday.

news20090914bbc2

2009-09-14 07:49:28 | Weblog
[One-Minute World News] from [BBC NEWS]

[Middle East]
Page last updated at 11:31 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 12:31 UK
Iraq shoe thrower 'was tortured'
The Iraqi journalist who threw his shoes at former US President George W Bush says he was tortured by senior government officials while in jail.


Shortly after his release from nine months in a Baghdad prison, Muntadar al-Zaidi demanded an apology - and said he would name the officials later.

Iraqi officials told the BBC his claims should be investigated.

His protest last December made him a hero for many Arabs, but some Iraqis still regard it as unforgivably rude.

He was convicted of assaulting a foreign leader and initially sentenced to three years in jail.

But he had the term reduced to 12 months on appeal and was released three months early for good behaviour.

'Insurgent revolutionary'

After his release on Tuesday he told journalists: "I am free again, but my homeland is still a prison."

Reuters news agency reported he was slurring his speech because of a missing tooth.

He went on to say he had suffered beatings, whippings, electric shocks and simulated drowning at the hands of officials and guards.

{ MUNTADAR AL-ZAIDI
Worked for Egypt-based broadcaster since 2005
Was kidnapped by gunmen while reporting in Baghdad in 2007
Detained by US troops for a night in 2008, his brother says, before they freed him and apologised}

"At the time that Prime Minister Nouri Maliki said on television that he could not sleep without being reassured on my fate... I was being tortured in the worst ways, beaten with electric cables and iron bars," he said.

He demanded an apology from Mr Maliki and said he would name the officials who tortured him in due course.

He also said he feared US intelligence services regarded him as an "insurgent revolutionary" and would "spare no effort" in a bid to kill him.

"I want to warn all my relatives and people close to me that these services will use all means to trap and try to kill and liquidate me either physically, socially or professionally," he said.

His allegations of abuse mirror claims made earlier by his family, who said he had been beaten, suffering a broken arm, broken ribs and internal bleeding.

The Iraqi military earlier denied the allegations, but following Zaidi's news conference Sami Al Askari, an adviser to Mr Maliki, said his torture claims should be investigated.

'Goodbye kiss'

Zaidi's family has been preparing to throw a party for him.

He has reportedly received offers of money, jobs and even marriage from across the Arab world.

His relatives also claim he was even offered a golden horse by the Emir of Qatar.

{I've seen a lot of weird things during my presidency, and this may rank up there as one of the weirdest
George W Bush}

When news of his release filtered through to his family's home in Baghdad, there was an eruption of celebration with women dancing and singing.

The shoe-throwing incident came during a joint news conference between Mr Bush and Mr Maliki.

As he threw the shoes, Zaidi shouted: "This is a goodbye kiss from the Iraqi people, dog.

"This is from the widows, the orphans and those who were killed in Iraq."

In an interview afterwards, Mr Bush insisted he did not harbour any ill feeling about it.

"It was amusing - I've seen a lot of weird things during my presidency, and this may rank up there as one of the weirdest," he said.


[South Asia]
Page last updated at 09:12 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 10:12 UK
Afghan votes 'need 10% recount'
Ballots from 10% of polling stations in Afghanistan's presidential vote need to be recounted because of indications of fraud, a top election official says.

ECC officials have already invalidated ballots from three provinces
About 2,500 polling stations across the country were affected, Grant Kippen of the UN-backed Electoral Complaints Commission (ECC) said.

His comments come amid reports of serious tensions within the UN mission over the issue of electoral fraud.

A substantive vote recount could force incumbent Hamid Karzai into a run-off.

With 95% of the vote counted, Mr Karzai had a 54% share, electoral officials said on Saturday.

But if fraud investigations cause this figure to drop below 50%, he and closest challenger Abdullah Abdullah, who has 28% of the vote, would have to go to a second-round vote.

UN 'divisions'

Afghanistan's second direct presidential election on 20 August was marred by widespread claims of vote-rigging and intimidation.

The ECC last week ordered Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission to identify stations reporting 100% turn-out or where one candidate received more than 95% of the vote in order for recounts to be carried out.

{ AFGHAN POLL FRAUD
15 Sep: ECC chief says 10% of votes need to be recounted
8 Sep: Poll complaints body orders some recounts nationwide
8 Sep: IEC says votes from 600 polling stations "quarantined"
3 Sep: Claims 30,000 fraudulent votes cast for Karzai in Kandahar
30 Aug: 2,000 fraud allegations are probed; 600 deemed serious
20 Aug: Election day and claims 80,000 ballots were filled out fraudulently for Karzai in Ghazni
18 Aug: Ballot cards sold openly and voter bribes offered}

"About 2,500 plus polling stations are affected by the order and all provinces are affected," ECC Chairman Grant Kippen told AFP news agency.

Last week the ECC invalidated ballots from dozens of polling stations in the three provinces of Paktika, Kandahar and Ghazni.

Correspondents say that investigations into possible fraud could take weeks, if not months.

No official announcement on who has won the election can be made until those investigations are complete.

Mr Kippen's remarks come amid reports of deep divisions among UN diplomats in Kabul over how to proceed in the wake of the election.

The Times reports that the head of the UN mission, Kai Eide, ordered US representative Peter Galbraith out of Afghanistan after the two reportedly disagreed over the extent to which vote recounts were necessary.

A wholesale recount as advocated by Mr Galbraith would be likely to ensure a second round run-off was held, the newspaper reported.

But Mr Eide feared such a run-off could be delayed until May, potentially leaving Afghanistan in political limbo, The Times said.

There has been no formal comment from the UN mission.


[Africa]
Page last updated at 10:53 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 11:53 UK
Al-Qaeda Somalia suspect 'killed'
US forces are "likely" to have killed a top al-Qaeda suspect during a military raid in Somalia, US officials say.


They flew helicopters into Somalia and attacked a car they say was carrying Kenyan-born Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan.

US agents have been hunting Nabhan for years over attacks on a hotel and an Israeli airliner in Kenya in 2002.

It is believed he fled to Somalia after the attacks and was working with the al-Shabab group, which the Americans see as al-Qaeda's proxy in Somalia.

The BBC's Mohammed Olad Hassan, in the capital Mogadishu, says the raid has raised concern among Somalis.

They fear such attacks by foreign forces may help to fuel the extremism they are designed to combat, our correspondent says.

The US last launched a major strike in Somalia in May 2008, killing al-Shabab's military leader and at least 10 others.

The raid led to protests by villagers and critics say it had little effect on al-Shabab's capabilities.

French connection?

Analysts say Nabhan is one of the most senior leaders of al-Qaeda's East Africa cell.

{ANALYSIS
Frank Gardner, BBC News
This latest US raid into Somalia, carried out by Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), would have had several aims.
Firstly, it would be about "settling scores" - killing or capturing a man the FBI believes was instrumental in al-Qaeda's attacks in East Africa.
A second aim would be to show al-Qaeda's senior operatives that there is no safe hiding place, even in a country whose militants effectively drove out US forces 15 years ago.
Thirdly, the raid's planners would be hoping to throw both al-Qaeda and al-Shabab off-balance, disrupting their plans. Although Nabhan's loss will be felt, reports of his death at US hands are almost certain to trigger revenge attacks in the region.}

US-based Somalia expert Andre le Sage told the BBC's Network Africa programme that his death, if confirmed, would severely hamper the network's ability to operate in the region.

But he said new leaders would probably emerge to take Nabhan's place.

Various media outlets have carried quotes from unnamed US officials confirming that the raid, on Monday afternoon, was carried out by US special forces targeting Nabhan.

BBC Defence correspondent Nick Childs says the raid seems to be something of a departure from recent US tactics in Somalia, which have tended to use long-range missile strikes and aircraft to try to get at militant suspects.

A Somali minister told the BBC he also believed Nabhan had been killed.

Earlier reports had quoted witnesses as saying the troops wore uniforms with French insignia and had flown from a ship bearing a French flag.

But the French military strongly denied their forces were involved.

'Helicopter strike'

Somali sources told the BBC that six helicopters were involved in the attack on two vehicles in the southern coastal town of Barawe, which is controlled by al-Shabab.

news20090914bbc3

2009-09-14 07:37:26 | Weblog
[One-Minute World News] from [BBC NEWS]

[Africa]
Page last updated at 10:53 GMT, Tuesday, 15 September 2009 11:53 UK
Al-Qaeda Somalia suspect 'killed'
US forces are "likely" to have killed a top al-Qaeda suspect during a military raid in Somalia, US officials say.


They flew helicopters into Somalia and attacked a car they say was carrying Kenyan-born Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan.

US agents have been hunting Nabhan for years over attacks on a hotel and an Israeli airliner in Kenya in 2002.

It is believed he fled to Somalia after the attacks and was working with the al-Shabab group, which the Americans see as al-Qaeda's proxy in Somalia.

The BBC's Mohammed Olad Hassan, in the capital Mogadishu, says the raid has raised concern among Somalis.

They fear such attacks by foreign forces may help to fuel the extremism they are designed to combat, our correspondent says.

The US last launched a major strike in Somalia in May 2008, killing al-Shabab's military leader and at least 10 others.

The raid led to protests by villagers and critics say it had little effect on al-Shabab's capabilities.

French connection?

Analysts say Nabhan is one of the most senior leaders of al-Qaeda's East Africa cell.

{ANALYSIS
Frank Gardner, BBC News
This latest US raid into Somalia, carried out by Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), would have had several aims.
Firstly, it would be about "settling scores" - killing or capturing a man the FBI believes was instrumental in al-Qaeda's attacks in East Africa.
A second aim would be to show al-Qaeda's senior operatives that there is no safe hiding place, even in a country whose militants effectively drove out US forces 15 years ago.
Thirdly, the raid's planners would be hoping to throw both al-Qaeda and al-Shabab off-balance, disrupting their plans. Although Nabhan's loss will be felt, reports of his death at US hands are almost certain to trigger revenge attacks in the region.}

US-based Somalia expert Andre le Sage told the BBC's Network Africa programme that his death, if confirmed, would severely hamper the network's ability to operate in the region.

But he said new leaders would probably emerge to take Nabhan's place.

Various media outlets have carried quotes from unnamed US officials confirming that the raid, on Monday afternoon, was carried out by US special forces targeting Nabhan.

BBC Defence correspondent Nick Childs says the raid seems to be something of a departure from recent US tactics in Somalia, which have tended to use long-range missile strikes and aircraft to try to get at militant suspects.

A Somali minister told the BBC he also believed Nabhan had been killed.

Earlier reports had quoted witnesses as saying the troops wore uniforms with French insignia and had flown from a ship bearing a French flag.

But the French military strongly denied their forces were involved.

'Helicopter strike'

Somali sources told the BBC that six helicopters were involved in the attack on two vehicles in the southern coastal town of Barawe, which is controlled by al-Shabab.