Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.

Introduction

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The ubiquity of Wi-Fi technology in modern scenarios and its interoperability with widely used application protocols (e.g., HTTP) makes it a promising technology for that future. Wi-Fi guarantees large-area coverage, high bandwidth, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. An interesting paradigm that is gaining significant momentum is the Internet of Things (IoT), i.e., a technology scenario in which billions of devices can be connected to the Internet through IP-based communications. Therefore, the IoT is likely to face challenges similar to those historically faced by the Internet. The implementation of IoT systems has the double objective of lowering the entry barrier in connecting things to each other and to the Web, promoting a rapid deployment of Web-enabled objects and giving end-users simple methods by which to access things. To achieve this, one can leverage existing HTTP- and Wi-Fi-based infrastructures, following two different approaches for connecting things to the Web: (i) make a physical object smart by attaching to it an IoT node, then take advantage of its built-in sensors and actuators (e.g., a temperature sensor installed on a window); (ii) modify the physical object itself by electrically connecting an IoT node, thereby offering connectivity to actuators of the physical one (e.g., connect a lamp to a Wi-Fi node to create a smart lamp remotely manageable via HTTP). Moreover, research in the IoT field has been first focused on how to build IP-based architectures in Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs), generally involving IP adaptations to enable resource-constrained things to be seamlessly connected to the Internet through lossy networks.

Wi-Fi technology adoption seems to be a good solution in some IoT scenarios (e.g., video monitoring). This observation motivates this work, which describes the integration of Wi-Fi nodes in an existing and already-deployed testbed, denoted as a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT) [1], composed of heterogeneous nodes hosting resources that can be accessed through the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [2]. The integration of new Wi-Fi nodes hosting HTTP resources, using only standard mechanisms, dynamic nodes and resources discovery paradigms, represents the main novelty of the proposed approach, which allows end-users to easily interact with all Smart Objects (SOs), without worrying about specific protocol translation needs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, an overview on related works on the integration of Wi-Fi-based WSNs in IoT scenarios is provided. In Section 3, all deployed modules of the proposed approach are detailed. Finally, in Section 4, some conclusions are drawn.

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