What are the gasification reactions of experimental furnace fuel

What are the gasification reactions of experimental furnace fuel

The fixed experimental furnace at atmospheric pressure generally uses lump anthracite or bituminous coal and coke as raw materials, and uses steam or the mixture of steam and air as gasification agent to produce gasified gas with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as the main combustible components.

The gasification reaction of solid fuel in the experimental electric furnace is divided into five layers according to the characteristics of the production process in the furnace. The drying layer - at the top of the fuel layer, the fuel contacts with cold coal, and the moisture in the fuel can be evaporated; Carbonization layer - under the drying layer, due to the similar temperature conditions with the retort, the fuel undergoes cold decomposition, releasing volatile and other carbonization products into coke, and the coke is transferred from the carbonization layer to the gasification layer for cold chemical reaction; Gasification layer is the main area of gasification process in the furnace. Carbon and gasification agent in the fuel react violently in this area. In view of different reaction conditions, the gasification layer can also be divided into oxidation layer and reduction layer. In order to produce gas in a fixed experimental furnace, firstly, the air passes through the fuel layer, and the carbon and oxygen are cooled to increase the temperature. Then, the steam and air are mixed through the fuel layer, and the carbon reacts with the steam and oxygen to generate the gas by absorption and cooling.

From the principle of chemical reaction in the gas making stage of the experimental electric furnace, it is hoped to form conditions conducive to steam decomposition and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Therefore, it can be considered that it is advantageous to increase the thickness and temperature of the gasification layer, and to appropriately reduce the flow rate of steam. In the chemical reaction of carbon and steam, measures such as increasing the thickness of gasification layer and reducing the air flow speed can accelerate the reaction speed, increase the content of carbon monoxide and improve the steam decomposition rate.

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How to measure furnace temperature in high temperature electric furnace

How to measure furnace temperature in high temperature electric furnace

High temperature electric furnace is used for the heating of precision experiments, the furnace temperature is the key factor to ensure the success of the experiment, the quality of the heating workpiece also depends on the high temperature furnace furnace temperature control, it can be said that the timely grasp of the furnace temperature condition is the high temperature furnace work quality and efficiency guarantee. Therefore, the importance of high temperature furnace temperature measurement work is self-evident.

High temperature electric furnace is according to the temperature ring in the absorption of heat will shrink to complete the temperature measurement work, according to the temperature ring and the cumulative heat burning products, the conversion of the test temperature. The temperature setting ring can be placed in any position in the high temperature electric furnace, such as kiln furniture, kiln car or carrier plate, or together with the heating workpiece. The shrinkage rate of the diameter of the calibration ring accurately reflects the actual temperature of the calibration ring in a high temperature electric furnace. It is easy to measure the diameter of the temperature - setting ring after firing by the common 1000 - minute calipers. For accuracy and convenience, a special conversion table is attached to each batch of calibration rings. Please note that the batch number on the calibration ring must be the same as that on the temperature conversion table for proper use.

There are many advantages in measuring furnace temperature with calibration ring for high temperature electric furnace. The calibration ring is flexible and easy to measure any corner of three-dimensional space in the furnace. The setting temperature ring is placed in the position closest to the actual heating condition of the product, and the heating condition of the burned product is accurately determined. The use of a temperature-setting ring can reduce or even eliminate the need for measurement or destructive testing of the geometry, density and porosity of the finished product, thereby reducing the cost of quality control in the production process; The temperature-setting ring has a good consistency, which can guarantee the good reproducibility of the firing system of the products, so as to improve the qualified rate of the finished products of the high-temperature electric furnace heat treatment.
It is a complicated process to measure the temperature of high temperature electric furnace. What the temperature measuring ring measures is the heat accumulated in the whole firing process, including radiant heat, conduction heat and convection heat, as well as the comprehensive effect of different holding time. It can not only measure the highest temperature reached by the burning products, but also reflect the heating state of the products in the process of heating the products by the high temperature electric furnace. Therefore, it can be said that in the high temperature electric furnace temperature measurement work, the role of the temperature adjustment ring.

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Judge the color of transformer insulation oil filtered by oil filter

 

The determination of the color change after the filter of transformer insulation oil filter is mainly based on the naked eye observation to determine the depth of oil color. The color of the oil depends on the content of pitch, resin and other dye compounds. For example, in the original distillate, the asphalt, the less resin, the higher the light fraction, generally speaking, the lighter the color of the oil, the more transparent. The color of the oil is also related to the temperature and degree of refinement of the cut fraction. For example, the domestic no. 45 transformer oil has a lighter color and almost colorless appearance due to its lower cutting temperature and the process of adding antioxidants after overrefining. In the storage and operation of oil, under the influence of environmental pollution and the resinous substance generated by its own oxidation, its color will gradually become darker. Therefore, the environment in which the oil comes into contact, such as temperature, light, air (mainly oxygen), electric field, electric current, etc., can cause the oil to age and make the oil darker.

Application field of transformer insulation oil: liquid insulation medium such as insulation oil needs to test medium loss Angle and volume resistivity. For example, MS101Y insulation oil medium loss tester is used.

1. The arc. The electric arc in the middle of the contact when pulling the brake is quickly extinguished.

2. Insulation. Insulate the switch poles from each other and insulate the conductive part of the switch from the fuel tank.

3. Anti-corrosion. Prevent switch contacts from contacting air and avoid contact oxidation.

4. Heat dissipation. The oil is absorbed by the heat from the contact part and dissipated rapidly by the convection of the oil in the tank. Less oil circuit breaker because the amount of oil is very small, oil only plays the role of arc extinguishing, its shell is generally charged, must not touch.

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High efficiency vacuum oil injector

 

Working principle:

It is designed according to the different boiling points of water and oil. It is composed of vacuum heating tank fine filter, condenser, primary filter, water tank, vacuum pump, exhaust pump and electric cabinet. Vacuum pump will vacuum the air in the vacuum tank to form a vacuum, the outside oil under the action of atmospheric pressure, through an inlet pipe into the primary filter, remove the larger particles, and then into the heating tank, after heating and other 40~75℃ of oil through the automatic oil drift valve, the valve is automatically control into the vacuum tank of the amount of oil in and out of balance. After being heated, the oil is separated into semi-mist by rotating rapidly through the jet wing. The water in the oil rapidly evaporates into steam and is continuously sucked into the condenser by the vacuum pump. Entering the condenser water vapor released back to the original after cooling water, in a vacuum heating oil tank, be drainage pump into the fine filter through particles in the filter paper or filter will filter out impurities, so as to complete the vacuum filters oil machine rapidly process to remove impurities in oil, water, gas, clean the oil from the oil discharge outside.

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Slurry filtration characteristics of five categories

 

According to the formation rate of the filter cake, the filtration properties of the filter pulp can be divided into the following five categories.

1, good filtering pulp, fine ore, quartz sand, crystal products and coal slurry and other solid liquid mixture, are good filtering pulp. The filter pulp is fast and can form a thick filter cake in a few seconds. Can use the internal feeding type rotary drum vacuum filter, can also use the horizontal belt type vacuum filter with a horizontal filter surface. However, the deposition of filter slurry in horizontal pipeline should be considered.

2, medium filter pulp, starch, acetate gypsum, toner, aluminum hydroxide and sulfurized concentrate mixture, belong to the medium filter pulp, after slow mixing, can maintain the suspension state. The forming speed of the filter cake is more than 25mm/min, with a medium filtering speed. The rotary drum vacuum filter can be used.

3, poor filter pulp, calcium carbonate, cement, zinc orange ore, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide, solid and liquid mixture, all stage in poor filter pulp: as long as a little slow mixing, it is easy to suspend. The formation speed of the filter cake is no more than 6mm/min, and the filtration speed is very slow. For such a filter, pressure or vacuum filter can be used.

4, rarefied filter pulp, solid volume fraction of less than 5% of the filter pulp, as rarefied filter pulp. The formation rate of the filter cake is no more than 1mm/min. For example, the solid liquid mixture c of waste activated carbon, fermentation medium, clay, protein and hydrogen oxidation, etc., can be used for such a filter slurry by various pre-coating filters or intermittent pressurized oil filters. With pressure precompress layer filter, can get rid of the water in the swimming pool escherichia coli (1 around m) : because the embarrassed layer is very thick. So it is suitable for mud with a wide range of concentrations.

5, extremely thin filter pulp, volume fraction less than 0.1%, such as colloidal dispersion system, belongs to this kind of filter pulp. It does not form filter cake at the time of filtration, and solid particles are cut inside the medium, which belongs to the medium filtration mechanism. When the particle size is above 5 meters, you can choose the filter press, filter element filter and pre-layering filter. These machines can also be used for filter pulps with high strength. When the handiwork degree is low, can use the intermittent preapplied layer pressure filter. For the high viscosity filter slurry under the particle size of 5 meters, filter press can be used. Polymer high viscosity liquid, can use a specially designed simple filter filter.

It should be noted that when the filtration volume fraction is less than 1%, the filtration accuracy is usually required. The substance and particle size to be removed and its concentration in the filtrate should therefore be specified. The filtration accuracy is improved in the following order: general filtration, precision filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.

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