社説：食品の放射能 説明と測定を徹底せよ

(Mainichi Japan) October 29, 2011
Gov't should thoroughly explain health risks from internal radiation exposure through food
社説：食品の放射能　説明と測定を徹底せよ

The Japanese government is required to thoroughly explain health risks from overall radiation exposure to the public and ensure that food products are measured for radiation now that the Food Safety Commission (FSC) has shown its safety standards on internal radiation exposure through foods.
　食品から受ける内部被ばくの影響を検討してきた食品安全委員会が、評価書をまとめ厚生労働省に答申した。

In a report it submitted to the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry on Oct. 28, the FSC explained that if lifetime cumulative exposure to radiation exceeds roughly 100 millisieverts, excluding natural radiation, it will adversely affect human health.
「自然放射線などを除いた生涯の累積線量が、おおよそ１００ミリシーベルトを超えると健康に影響がある」という内容だ。

Based on that report, the ministry will set upper limits on radiation for each type of food product.
　この評価を基に厚労省が食品ごとの新たな規制値を決めるが、

The problem is the interpretation of the 100 millisievert upper limit.
わかりにくいのはこの１００ミリシーベルトの位置づけだ。

When it released an initial draft of the report in July, the FSC explained that 100 millisieverts refers to the upper limit on the total amount of overall radiation exposure, both internal and external.
　７月に評価案が示された時には、「外部被ばくと内部被ばくを合わせた線量」と説明された。

However, the report submitted to the ministry limits it to internal exposure through food.
ところが、答申では「食品から受ける内部被ばく」に限定された。

The report has raised questions as to whether the upper limit on internal radiation exposure through food should remain at 100 millisieverts or should be lowered if the amount of external radiation exposure is high.
　では、外部被ばくが高くても食品の基準は１００ミリシーベルトなのか、それともその分低いのか。

The FSC has declined to answer this question on the grounds that the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry or other government organizations in charge should decide on the matter.
食品安全委は「厚労省などしかるべき管理機関が考えること」として判断を避けた。

The FSC apparently believes that it should stick to its mission of evaluating risks involving food.
　食品安全委の使命は食品のリスク評価をすることだという理屈だが、

However, the government should stop such sectionalism and evaluate risks of overall radiation exposure as what members of the public want to know is how their health is affected by both internal and external radiation exposure.
１人の人は内部被ばくと外部被ばくの影響をあわせて受ける。知りたいのは全体の影響だ。政府は、こうした縦割りをやめ、被ばく全体のリスク評価をすべきではないか。

The current regulations on food safety set the upper limit on exposure to radioactive cesium at 5 millisieverts per year.
　現在の食品の規制値は放射性セシウムによる被ばく線量の上限を年５ミリシーベルトとしている。

However, since this is a provisional limit set following the accident at the tsunami-hit Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant, it is an urgent task for the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry to set stricter standards.
これはあくまで事故直後の暫定値であり、厚労省はより厳しい新基準を早急に決める必要がある。

In doing so, the ministry should thoroughly explain the basis for the new standards, including health risks involving external radiation exposure and internal exposure to less than 100 millisieverts, in an effort to convince the public.
その際には、国民が納得できるよう、外部被ばくや１００ミリシーベルト以下の影響まで含めた基準値の根拠についてよく説明してもらいたい。

The FSC report suggests that children are more vulnerable to radiation than adults.
　答申は、子どもの方が放射線に対する感受性が大人より高い可能性があることも指摘した。

However, as it is unrealistic to set separate upper limits for children and adults, it is necessary to set a figure that can protect the health of children as the upper limit on all citizens.
食品の規制値を大人と子どもで分けることは現実的ではなく、子どもに合わせた規制が必要になる。

But even if a stricter upper limit is set, it alone cannot eliminate consumers' anxieties as long as they do not know how much radiation they have been exposed to through food.
　ただ、規制値が新たに決まっても、実際に食品からどれだけ被ばくしているかがわからなければ、消費者の不安は解消されない。

Sample surveys on food that national and local governments are currently conducting are far from sufficient.
国や自治体が実施しているサンプル調査だけでは不十分だ。

In order to protect the health of citizens and relieve their concerns and mental stress, central and local governments should conduct more thorough and detailed measurements of radiation contained in food.
　健康を守り、不安やストレスを減らすために、もっときめ細かい測定を進めてほしい。

Such measurements should cover a wider diversity of food products, as fish and other marine products could later turn out to be contaminated with radiation as a result of bioaccumulation.
今後、生物濃縮によって魚介類などの汚染が新たにわかってくる可能性もあり、幅広く実施すべきだ。

University of Tokyo professor Ryugo Hayano has proposed that the amount of radioactive cesium contained in school lunches should be measured and that the results be released on a daily basis.
　東大の早野龍五教授は実際に子どもたちが食べる給食１食分の放射性セシウムの量を測り数値を毎日公表することを提案している。

Tatsuhiko Kodama, professor at the same university, has suggested that all food products should be measured for radiation using belt-conveyer-style measurement devices.
同大の児玉龍彦教授は米袋などをそのまま測るベルトコンベヤー式の計測機器による全品検査を提案している。

A growing number of retailers and citizens are voluntarily measuring food products for radiation.
流通業界や市民が食品を独自に計測する動きも出てきている。

The national and local government should actively support these moves.
　政府や自治体にはこうした動きも後押ししてもらいたい。

If the current situation continues, consumers' concerns about food safety cannot be eliminated even if the actual radiation levels remain low.
このままでは、たとえ現実の線量が低くても、消費者の不安は収まらない。

毎日新聞　2011年10月29日　2時30分

新聞週間特集：「原発事故と報道」報告（その３）◇作業員の線量管理に疑問

(Mainichi Japan) October 22, 2011
Journalists keep close eye on Fukushima nuclear worker radiation exposure (Part 3)
新聞週間特集：「原発事故と報道」報告（その３）◇作業員の線量管理に疑問

The wide perception gap that has surfaced between Tokyo Electric Power Co., the operator of the tsunami-hit Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant, the government and other parties has raised serious questions about the management of plant workers' radiation exposure.
（この部分の英訳なし＾＾）
記者たちは避難所や、拠点となっていた福島県いわき市の旅館を回り、作業員の声に耳を傾けた。

Shortly after the plant was stricken with meltdowns and hydrogen explosions in March, Mainichi reporters, mainly those with the Tokyo City News Department, began interviewing workers struggling to bring the crippled facility under control.
　東京電力福島第１原発の事故から間もなく、収束作業の実態を探る取材が始まった。中心となったのは東京社会部。

Most of the workers are from Fukushima Prefecture, and many of them commute to the plant from shelters or dorms where they were taking refuge after their homes were badly damaged in March 11's natural disasters.
収束作業に当たる人たちの多くは地元出身者で、避難先から現場に通う人も少なくなかった。

A 30-year-old worker for a sub-subcontractor said he had been told by an employee of the subcontractor, "We won't write down the amount of radiation you were exposed to during the latest work on your radiation management record. You don't have to worry about it."
　「今回の作業で受けた被ばく線量は放射線管理手帳に載らない。安心していいから」。ある２次下請けの作業員（３０）は、１次下請けの社員にそう告げられたことを明らかにした。

Radiation exposure amounts and the results of regular medical exams are supposed to be stated clearly on each worker's radiation management record.
　放射線管理手帳は作業員一人一人の被ばく線量や健康診断結果を記載する。

If workers suffer from cancer in the future, there will be no proof of the causal relationship between their radiation exposure and the disease unless such data is included in their radiation management records, making them ineligible for workers' accident compensation benefits.
「そこに載せないとなると、将来本人ががんになっても証拠がなく、労災認定（補償）されなくなってしまう。本当か」

Further interviews with the utility, the government organizations concerned including the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, and other parties have revealed there was a wide perception gap among them over maximum exposure limits for workers.
　そんな疑問から取材を進めると、背景に線量を巡る混乱があることが分かった。

Health ministry regulations stipulate that nuclear power station workers can be exposed to a maximum of 100 millisieverts over five years, and 50 millisieverts in a single year.
　厚生労働省は法令や規則で、作業員の被ばく線量を５年間で１００ミリシーベルト、１年間では５０ミリシーベルトに抑えるよう定めている（通常規則）。

However, in the case of an emergency such as a nuclear accident, they can be exposed to up to 100 millisieverts during work to bring the plant under control.
ただし原発事故など緊急時には一連の作業で上限１００ミリシーベルトまで受けることができ、

In the Fukushima nuclear crisis, the ministry raised the upper limit to 250 millisieverts.
今回の原発事故に限ってはこの上限を２５０ミリシーベルトに引き上げていた。

The ministry concluded that workers who are exposed to 100 to 250 millisieverts during efforts to tame the Fukushima nuclear crisis must be withdrawn from further work for five years on the grounds that the conventional regulations apply to the Fukushima crisis.
　ところが、この２５０ミリシーベルトと通常規則との兼ね合いを巡り、厚労省と東電などとの間で見解が違っていた。厚労省は第１原発の作業でも通常規則が適用されるとして、１００～２５０ミリシーベルトを浴びた場合は今後５年間、作業に従事できないとの見解だった。

However, TEPCO was of the view that the conventional regulations do not apply to the work at the Fukushima plant, arguing that workers should not be deprived of employment for long periods.
　一方、「それでは就労の機会を相当年数奪うことになる」として、東電などは「通常規則とは別枠」と考えていた。

Because of this, the subcontractor omitted the levels of radiation workers were exposed to from their radiation management records.
これが「線量を手帳に載せない」という運用につながっていた。

"In the end, we are the ones who are going to be left holding the bag," a 28-year-old worker lamented in an interview with the Mainichi.
　「最後にババを引くのは自分たち」と別の作業員（２８）は訴えた。

The Mainichi published an article about the omission of exposure data from the 30-year-old worker's radiation management record on the front page of its April 21 morning edition.
「原発作業員　被ばく線量　管理手帳記載せず」との記事は４月２１日朝刊の１面トップに掲載された。

It was subsequently learned that at least one TEPCO employee had been exposed to more than 250 millisieverts, prompting the ministry to step up its radiation management instructions to the utility.
　その後、２５０ミリシーベルトを超える東電社員の存在も判明し、厚労省は指導を強化した。

There have been some cases of plant workers being exposed to excessive levels of radiation during their work because of sloppy management.
　ずさんな管理のために作業員が被ばくするケースが目立つ。

We are determined to continue to shed light on how workers' radiation exposure is being handled in an effort to improve their working environment.
最前線の労働環境が少しでも改善されるよう、光を当て続けたい。

(By Satoshi Kusakabe, Takayuki Hakamada and Akiyo Ichikawa, Mainichi Shimbun)
＜東京社会部・日下部聡、東京社会部・袴田貴行、三陸支援支局・市川明代（前東京社会部）＞

毎日新聞　2011年10月18日　東京朝刊

発電のコスト―やはり原発は高くつく

October 27, 2011
--The Asahi Shimbun, Oct. 27
EDITORIAL: New cost estimates argue for changing nuclear power policy
発電のコスト―やはり原発は高くつく

New government estimates that factor in the cost of the disaster at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant show that nuclear power generation is actually a relatively expensive way to produce electricity.
　原子力発電にかかる費用は、高かった。

The damage from the accident is so vast and wide-ranging that a final figure is not yet available.
　福島第一原発事故による損害はあまりに大きく、まだ全体を計算できない。

However, the Cabinet Office’s Japan Atomic Energy Commission has come up with a broad idea of how much the disaster will raise the cost of nuclear power generation.
だが、今わかっている範囲で、内閣府の原子力委員会が発電費用への上乗せがどうなるか試算した。

The additional cost due to the accident could be as high as 1.2 yen per kilowatt-hour of electricity, according to the commission’s estimate.
事故のコストは電気１キロワット時あたり最大で１．２円になった。

A core meltdown occurred at three of the six reactors at the disabled plant.
　今回、原子炉３基で炉心溶融が起きた。

Based on the total number of years that Japan's 50-odd nuclear power plants have been in operation, divided by the number of crippled reactors, it can be estimated that an accident of this scale occurs once every 500 years per reactor.
日本にある約５０基の原発の運転年数を足し、福島の事故炉の数で割ると、この規模の事故は平均して「原発１基あたりで、ほぼ５００年に１度発生する」確率になる。

This estimation was used to calculate the cost increase.
その計算から割り出した。

If the cost of the accident is factored in, the overall tab of nuclear power generation comes to 6.8 yen per kilowatt-hour, compared with 5.7 yen for thermal power generation using coal as fuel or 6.2 yen for generating electricity by burning liquefied natural gas.
　この事故コストを加えると、原子力発電のコストは１キロワット時あたり６．８円になる。石炭火力の５．７円や、液化天然ガス火力の６．２円を上回る。

The new cost estimates are ball park figures and don’t take account the money needed for the massive-scale decontamination that has yet to be undertaken.
　いずれも大ざっぱな計算であり、今後は膨大な除染もある。

Another important cost factor concerns the unsolved issue of the final disposal of radioactive waste being produced by nuclear power plants across the nation.
また、全国の原発から出る放射性廃棄物の最終処分も残り、

Clearly, the cost of atomic power generation will be much higher than traditional estimates.
さらに割高になるのは確実だ。

Nuclear power generation has long been touted as “a cheap and safe way to produce a large amount of electricity.”
　これまで「安く、安全に大量の発電をする」と宣伝されてきた原発だが、

But the Fukushima disaster has disproved not only the claim of its safety but also that of its economic advantage.
事故の危なさに加え経済面の優位も崩れた。

The Atomic Energy Commission has produced another important cost estimate.
　原子力委はもう一つの計算もした。

Japan has adopted the nuclear fuel reprocessing approach, which involves extracting plutonium from spent nuclear fuel for recycling as fuel.
日本は、使用済み燃料を再処理してプルトニウムを取りだし、それを燃やす「再処理路線」をとる。

This process costs 2 yen per kilowatt-hour.
これは１キロワット時あたり２円かかる。

In contrast, the direct disposal approach, which involves burning uranium just once and disposing of the radioactive waste produced in the process, costs 1 yen, half of the cost of reprocessing, according to the commission.
　一方、ウラン燃料を１回だけ燃やして、廃棄物は捨てる「直接処分」の費用は半分の１円で済むことがわかった。

This is a big difference.
　この差は大きい。

The total cost of nuclear power generation would be 5.8 yen if the current reprocessing approach is replaced by the direct disposal method.
もし、直接処分に変えれば、発電コストは１円安い５．８円になる。

The Atomic Energy Commission made the same cost comparison seven years ago, and the results were roughly the same.
　原子力委は７年前にもこの比較をした。結果は今回とほぼ同じだったが、

But it decided against proposing to drop the policy of fuel reprocessing, citing the huge costs that would result from such a major policy shift.
再処理の路線を変えなかった。理由は「政策変更コスト」だった。

There is the argument that changing the policy would negate past investment and require new research while straining the central government’s relations with the local governments of the areas where nuclear power plants are located.
「過去の投資が無駄になり、新たな研究も必要だ。立地自治体との関係も悪くなる」という論法だ。

This argument doesn’t hold water any more.
　もう同じ手は使えない。

In the wake of the catastrophic accident, there is strong public distrust toward nuclear power.
事故を経験した今は、国民の原発への不信が大きい。

It is almost impossible to win public support for the reprocessing approach, which can only make a small saving of uranium at a high cost.
高い費用をかけて「ウラン燃料を少し節約する」再処理に説得力はない。

The two cost estimates are hard numbers that throw into sharp relief the grim reality of nuclear power generation in Japan.
　二つのコスト計算は、数字で日本の原子力の現状を浮かび上がらせた。

It is clearly time for the govrnment to change its nuclear power policy, which has been in place since the end of World War II.
　戦後一度も大きく変えることのなかった原子力政策を変更するときだ。

The government’s Energy and Environment Council should lead debate on the issue.
政府のエネルギー・環境会議の責任は大きい。

As such, it bears a heavy responsibility.
Japan must face up to the fact it needs to pursue a future without nuclear power.
　原発をなくす道に向き合うしかない。

At the same time, we feel debate is also needed on scrapping nuclear fuel reprocessing, the necessity of which has been called into question.
同時に、必要性が疑問になった核燃料再処理から撤退する議論も始めよう。

The time has come for the government to grapple with the cost of changing its nuclear power policy.
政府は今度こそ、政策変更コストに取り組まなくてはいけない。
　その準備を始めるときだ。

原発と自治体―次の道を考えるときだ

October 26, 2011
--The Asahi Shimbun, Oct. 26
EDITORIAL: Spending review needed for nuclear-related subsidies
原発と自治体―次の道を考えるときだ

If the Yoshihiko Noda administration is serious about weaning the nation off nuclear power generation, one of the biggest issues it must address is its relationship with local governments with jurisdiction over the nuclear power plants.
　野田政権が「脱・原発依存」を進めていくうえで、向き合わなければいけない大きな課題のひとつが、原発を抱える自治体との関係だ。

The oil shocks of the 1970s propelled Japan toward greater dependence on nuclear energy.
　７０年代、石油危機をへて、日本は原発の増強へとかじを切った。

Many of the municipalities that agreed to host nuclear plants were experiencing population drains and had no local industry to speak of.
建設地の多くは、これといった産業がなく、過疎に悩む市町村だった。

For taking in what nobody else wanted in their backyards, the municipalities were "rewarded" with huge amounts of government subsidies, even while the plants were still in the planning stages.
　迷惑施設を受け入れてもらう見返りに、計画の段階から巨額の交付金が地元に落ちる仕掛けが設けられた。

Roads and public gymnasiums sprang up, funded by the subsidies and property tax revenues.
道路や体育館といった箱モノが、交付金や固定資産税などをもとに次々に整備された。

And from 2003, the municipalities became able to spend their incomes in "soft" fields, such as supporting community activities and footing hospital personnel expenses.
０３年からは町内活動や病院の人件費といったソフト面にも使えるようになった。

As their finances grew stronger, so did their dependence on the nuclear industry.
　財政が潤う一方、原発依存度は高まった。

In some municipalities, nuclear-related revenues make up more than 60 percent of the general account.
一般会計に占める原発関連収入の割合が６割を超える自治体もある。

But the March disaster at the Fukushima No. 1 plant has changed things.
　だが、福島第一原発の事故をへて、変化が起きている。

The town of Namie and the city of Minami-Soma in Fukushima Prefecture, where Tohoku Electric Power Co. has plans to build nuclear plants, have decided to decline government subsidies for the current fiscal year.
　東北電力の原発計画がある福島県の浪江町と南相馬市は、今年度の交付金を辞退すると表明した。

And in Ibaraki Prefecture, the head of Tokaimura village--the site of Japan's first nuclear power plant--has recommended to the government that the Tokai No. 2 plant be decommissioned.
原発発祥の地、茨城県東海村の村長は東海第二原発の廃炉を政府に提案した。

This is the first case of a local administrative body voluntarily seeking to end its financial dependence on the nuclear industry.
立地自治体がみずから廃炉を求めたのは初めてだ。

Other municipalities are beginning to expect eventual cuts in government subsidies and are making plans accordingly.
将来的な交付金の減額を想定し、対策を考え始めた自治体もある。

In switching its energy policy, the government needs to be fully receptive to these changing attitudes of local governments.
　政府は、エネルギー政策を転換するうえで、こうした自治体の問題意識をきちんと受け止める必要がある。

Specifically, the government needs to take a good, hard look at its subsidy system and ask itself this question: The subsidies were initially meant to promote regional development, but hasn't the system devolved into a means of "buying off" struggling communities, which is actually counterproductive to self-government in the true sense of the term?
　交付金の仕組みが、地域振興の名目で、ただのバラマキと化し、本当の意味での自治を壊していないか。

If this is the case, the system must be overhauled.
きちんと検証し、資金の使い方を見直さなければならない。

Some local governments are still pushing nuclear power generation,
　引き続き原発の推進を掲げる自治体もある。

but their neighboring municipalities are becoming increasingly cautious.
ただ、周りの市町村は慎重な姿勢を強めている。

Now that conventional disaster control zones are being considered for expansion, keeping or scrapping a nuclear power plant is no longer a decision that can be left only to the community where the plant is situated.
防災区域の拡大が検討されるなか、原発の存廃は立地自治体だけでは決められない。

We believe the time has come to include all communities in the vicinity in the decision-making process.
周辺市町村と一緒になって、次の道を考えるときではないか。

We are fully aware, of course, that any abrupt nuclear plant closure and withdrawal of government subsidies would be devastating to the regional economy.
　もちろん、脱原発で交付金などを突然打ち切られては地域経済も立ちゆくまい。

How should the transition take place?
どのような移行措置をとるべきか。

What role can the region play in the nation's shift to greater energy diversity?
分散型のエネルギー社会への転換に地域が果たせる役割とは何か。

In order for the region to think these things through and come up with practicable solutions, the government must provide occasions for thorough debate.
自治体自身が考え、アイデアを実現していくためにも、政府は話し合いの場を用意すべきだ。

And this is not something people in the big cities can shrug aside as none of their business.
　都市部の住民も「知らぬ話」で済まされない。

After all, the government subsidies for municipalities that host nuclear power plants are financed by the so-called power resources development promotion tax, which is collected from all taxpayers as part of their electricity bills.
交付金の原資は電源開発促進税として、電気料金に上乗せされて徴収されている税金だからだ。

To review how money is being spent for nuclear power generation is to explore a new rule for the redistribution of our tax money,
　原発マネーのあり方を見直すことは、税金をどう使うかという「再分配」の新しいルールを模索する作業でもある。

and this is something all citizens need to think about.
　国民みんなで考えたい。

欧州首脳会議 危機対策に市場の目は厳しい

The Yomiuri Shimbun (Oct. 26, 2011)
Investors not fully reassured by moves to settle Greek crisis
欧州首脳会議　危機対策に市場の目は厳しい（10月25日付・読売社説）

Leaders of eurozone nations have moved a step closer to settling the region's financial crisis after reaching a broad agreement on a set of measures to prevent the crisis from spreading further--although their actions were slow and taken reluctantly.
　欧州が重い腰を上げ、金融危機の拡大を封じ込める包括策で大筋合意したのは一歩前進だ。

However, the leaders still face a long, winding road to conquer the crisis and dispel the market's anxiety.
　しかし、危機を克服し、市場の不安を払拭する道のりは険しい。

It is necessary for them to work on the details of issues left unresolved and act promptly in dealing with the crisis.
欧州は積み残した課題を詰め、迅速に行動することが求められよう。

At the recent summit meeting, leaders of the European Union and 17 eurozone countries discussed measures to settle the debt crisis of Greece, the nation where the trouble first broke out before spilling over to other European nations, as well as measures to prevent the crisis from spreading to still more countries.
　欧州連合（ＥＵ）とユーロ圏１７か国の首脳会議は、発端となったギリシャ危機の収束と、波及防止策を協議し、

After difficult negotiations, the countries have drawn up some remedies.
難航した末、ひとまず処方箋をまとめた。

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'Managed default'

The measures have three pillars: bank recapitalization, significant reduction of Greece's debt burden and reinforcement of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF).
　大筋合意した包括策は、銀行の資本増強、ギリシャ債務の大幅削減、欧州金融安定基金（ＥＦＳＦ）の強化が３本柱である。

The eurozone leaders have decided to ask banks that own Greek government bonds for a recapitalization of more than 100 billion euros (about 10.5 trillion yen), which seems to be appropriate for the time being.
　ギリシャ国債を保有する銀行に総額１０００億ユーロ（約１０兆５０００億円）超の資本増強を要請することになった。当面の措置としては妥当だろう。

At the same time, the leaders will ask banks to bear further burdens to relieve Greece's debt problems, such as giving up 50 percent to 60 percent of the Greek government bond principal they have.
　その一方、ギリシャの債務削減では、国債元本の５０～６０％カットを軸に、銀行に追加負担を求める。

This measure is a de facto approval of Greece making a virtual default on its debts to some degree, as it is now apparent that the country lacks the ability to repay.
返済能力を欠くギリシャの事実上のデフォルト（債務不履行）を容認するものと言える。

In July, eurozone monetary authorities announced results of stress tests on major eurozone banks, but the assessment was too lenient.
　欧州当局が７月に公表した銀行のストレステスト（特別検査）は甘く、

One particular problem is that the tests failed to check deterioration of bank assets caused by the rapid price fall of Greek government bonds.
急落するギリシャ国債による資産劣化を十分にチェックしなかったのは問題だった。

This time, bank recapitalization will be conducted to prepare for debt relief for the Greek government and the expected further price fall of the country's bonds--a process that seems like a "managed default."
　これに対し、あらかじめ銀行資本を強化し、ギリシャの債務カットや国債下落に対応できるようにする今回の措置は、「管理されたデフォルト」に相当する。

We hope the measures will contribute to preventing markets from panicking and to stabilizing the financial system.
市場の混乱を防ぎ、金融システム安定に役立つことを期待したい。

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Investors still skeptical

It will be an encouraging message to the investment market that eurozone leaders have agreed to strengthen the EFSF, an institution that supports eurozone nations marred by fiscal deficits, and to move forward the launch of the European Stability Mechanism, envisaged as a European version of the International Monetary Fund.
　欧州各首脳が、域内の財政赤字国を支援するＥＦＳＦをさらに強化すると合意した点や、欧州版の国際通貨基金（ＩＭＦ）である「欧州安定メカニズム（ＥＳＭ）」の設立前倒しも、市場へのメッセージとなろう。

However, as the Greek crisis has already triggered credit uncertainty regarding Italian and Spanish bonds, it is unclear whether the measures agreed by eurozone leaders will be enough to deal with the financial crisis.
　だが、ギリシャ危機がイタリアやスペインなどの信用不安に広がる中、こうした包括策で十分に対応できるかは予断を許さない。

Market players still worry that the amount of bank recapitalization is too small.
　銀行の資本増強規模が少額すぎるとの懸念が市場でくすぶり、

The process of recapitalization also remains unclear, and it is uncertain whether the banks would agree to the significant reduction of Greece's debt burden.
増強策の手順もあいまいだ。ギリシャ債務の大幅カットに銀行が応じるかどうかも不透明である。

If eurozone leaders decide to ask for the financial help of the IMF to strengthen the EFSF, it will provoke angry responses from Japan, the United States and emerging economies that want the eurozone nations to step up their self-help efforts to deal with the financial crisis.
　欧州がＥＦＳＦを強化する方策として、ＩＭＦの支援を求めた場合、欧州の一層の自助努力を求める日米や新興国などからの反発が予想されよう。

Market players are looking with icy disapproval at the eurozone nations, whose measures against the financial crisis have always been one step behind.
　危機対応が後手に回ってきた欧州に対し、市場の見方は厳しい。

Eurozone leaders need to specify the details of the agreed measures against the crisis at the next summit meeting Wednesday and present the details at the Group of 20 summit meeting of major economies scheduled early next month.
欧州は２６日に改めて開く首脳会議で、包括策をより具体化させ、来月上旬の主要２０か国・地域（Ｇ２０）首脳会議に示すべきだ。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 25, 2011)
（2011年10月25日01時05分 読売新聞）