強者どもが夢の跡 II: Piranha: 8 Alpha-cores, 21464(EV8)

[06/09/14]
強者どもが夢の跡 IX: DEC(HP) Alpha & SGI IRIX (MIPS), 2006-09-14
HP Alpha systems
　http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/index.html
　"HP has proudly supplied AlphaServer systems to leading business, education and government
　 enterprises around the globe since 1993. Now it's time to plan for what's next: last AlphaServer
　 systems orders will be taken on October 27, 2006!"
==========
[06/02/22]
"The Alpha 21364 Network Architecture",
　Shubhendu S. Mukherjee, et al., Compaq Computer Corp.,
　IEEE micro, Vol. 22, No. 1 (January/February 2002).
　http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/40.988687
　"The Alpha 21364 processor provides a high-performance, scalable, and reliable network
　 architecture with a router that runs at 1.2 GHz and has a peak bandwidth of 22.4 Gbytes/s.
　 Supporting configurations of up to 128 processors, this network architecture is well suited for
　 communication-intensive server applications."
==========
[06/01/26]
Piranha: a scalable architecture based on single-chip multiprocessingの米国特許(続報)が
公示されました：

"Scalable architecture based on single-chip multiprocessing",
　United States Patent 6668308,
　Inventors: Barroso, Luiz Andre; Gharachorloo, Kourosh; Nowatzyk, Andreas;
　Filing Date: 2001-06-08, Publication Date: 2003-12-23,
　Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
　　http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6668308.html
"Scalable architecture based on single-chip multiprocessing",
　United States Patent 6988170,
　Inventors: Barroso, Luiz Andre; Gharachorloo, Kourosh; Nowatzyk, Andreas;
　Filing Date: 2003-10-24, Publication Date: 2006-01-17,
　Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
　　http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6988170.html


"Piranha: a scalable architecture based on single-chip multiprocessing"
　Luiz André Barroso, et al, Western Research Laboratory, Compaq Computer Corporation,
　Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, 2000.
　　http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=339696&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=66716483&CFTOKEN=78020755
　　簡略化した 8個の Alphaチップ(500MHz, FP有り, 8パイプライン, データ/命令キャッシュ)、
　　8個の二次キャッシュ＋メモリーコントローラ(RDRAM)、2つのプロトコルエンジン(チップ間の
　　メモリ共有を調整)、チップ間クロスバースイッチ、インターコネクト用ネットワークルータを
　　1チップ化した研究プロトタイププロセッサ。
　　　Alpha21364(1GHz) とのシミュレーションでの比較では、On-Line Transaction Processing
　　(OLTP)でも非常に良好な成績を示しています。

Luiz André Barroso博士ですが、現在 Google社に所属しています(Principal Engineer)。
先日、次の記事で紹介されました：
　"「電気代がサーバ本体よりも高くなる」--グーグルエンジニアが警告", 2005/12/12
　　http://japan.cnet.com/news/ent/story/0,2000047623,20092632,00.htm
　元の論文：
　　"The Price of Performance",
　　　Luiz André Barroso, Google,
　　　ACM Queue vol. 3, no. 7 - September 2005.
　　　http://www.acmqueue.org/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=330&page=1
　　　"In the late 1990s, our research group at DEC was one of a growing number of
　　　 teams advocating the CMP (chip multiprocessor) as an alternative to highly complex
　　　 single-threaded CPUs. We were designing the Piranha system, which was a radical
　　　 point in the CMP design space in that we used very simple cores (similar to the early
　　　 RISC designs of the late ’80s) to provide a higher level of thread-level parallelism."


Chip Multi-Processorsについては昨年末に次のワークショップが開催されました：
　Workshop on Design, Architecture and Simulation of Chip Multi-Processors
　　dasCMP 2005,
　　Held in conjunction with the 38th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture,
　　Sunday November 13, 2005, Barcelona.
　　http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/~rakumar/dasCMP/


Alphaと言えば 21464(EV8)ですが、現在もネットで公開されている正式な資料は次のもの位でしょうか：
　"EV8: The Post-ultimate Alpha",
　　Joel Emer (Intel Fellow, Intel Architecture Group Director), Keynote Speakers,
　　10th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT'01),
　　September 12, 2001.　
　　　http://research.ac.upc.edu/pact01/keynote.htm PDFファイルダウンロード可能
　　　何故、Intel Fellowが？ については：
　　　"Compaq and Intel to Accelerate Enterprise Server Roadmaps
　　　 Compaq to Transfer Technology to Intel and Move Its 64-bit Servers to Intel® Itanium™
　　　 processor family, Vows to Redefine Enterprise Server Price/Performance", June 25, 2001.
　　　　http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20010625corp.htm
　　　"Intelが欲しかったのはCompaqの持つAlpha EV8のテクノロジ",
　　　　■後藤弘茂のWeekly海外ニュース■, 2001年7月18日
　　　　http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/20010718/kaigai01.htm
　　　"Compaq Sacrifices Alpha", 07-01-2001
　　　　http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?ArticleID=RWT070101205659
　　Relaxing Constraints: A Conversation with Intel Fellow Joel Emer:
　　　http://www.intel.com/technology/computing/mi12021.htm
希望的推測 (期待？) でまとめたものとして：
　"Alpha EV8 (Part 1): Simultaneous Multi-Threat", 12-13-2000
　　http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?articleid=RWT121300000000
　"Alpha EV8 (Part 2): Simultaneous Multi-Threat", 12-26-2000
　　http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?articleid=RWT122600000000
　"Alpha EV8 (Part 3): Simultaneous Multi-Threat", 01-16-2001
　　http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?ArticleID=RWT011601000000
Alpha21464(EV8) の最後の発表：
"Design of an 8-wide Superscalar RISC Microprocessor with Simultaneous Multithreading",
　Preston, R. et al., Digest of Technical Papers,
　2002 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, p. 334.
　"３．CompaqのEV8（Alpha21464になる筈だったプロセサ）"
　　最近の話題 2002年2月17日
　　http://www.geocities.jp/andosprocinfo/wadai02/20020217.htm
　"The Spider and the Mountain", 02-18-2002
　　http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?ArticleID=RWT021802145442


Alphaプロセッサの通史：
"Alpha: The History in Facts and Comments",
　Paul V. Bolotoff, Released: 14th of April, 2005, Modified: 6th of November, 2005
　http://www.alasir.com/alpha/alpha_history.html


Alphaといえば、こんな会社もあります：
Emulators International:
　http://www.emulatorsinternational.com/en/index.htm
　VirtualAlpha:
　http://www.emulatorsinternational.com/en/virtualalpha.htm
　Alpha computer replacement software
　"Alpha Virtualization Software allows you to extend the lifetime of your Alpha based
　 applications without making changes in the software."

"Refresh your AlphaServer environments now! Plan for what's next.
　Last AlphaServer orders: October 27, 2006."
　http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/planning2005.html
　

"A lot of videos about AlphaServers", 2003 - 01 - 22
　http://www.alphaprocessors.com/


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