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Engine
design varies considerably in ways which are not obvious to a quick
glance at the engine. The timing of the valves is a big factor here. In
the smallest and cheapest engines, the engine design is simplified by
not having the spark timing taken off the cam-shaft. Instead,
production costs are cut by taking the spark timing off the output
shaft. This produces a spark on every revolution of the engine. But, if
it is a four-stroke engine, the spark should only occur on the power
stroke which is every second revolution of the output shaft. If the
fuel is petrol, then this does not matter as the extra spark will occur
near the end of the exhaust stroke when only burnt gasses are present
in the cylinder.
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Some
people are concerned when they think of hydroxy gas burning and
producing water inside the engine. They think of hydrogen embrittlement
and rusting. However, because of the nature of the hydrocarbon fuel
already being used, the engine runs primarily on hydrogen anyway and it
always has produced water. The water is in the form of very hot vapour
or steam and the engine heat dries it out when the engine is stopped.
Hydrogen embrittlement does not occur as a result of using a hydroxy
gas booster.
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means that our gas supply system is openly connected to
the cylinder through the open intake valve, and so, the waste spark
would ignite our gas supply system (as far as the bubbler which would
smother the flashback). The situation is shown here:
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this
leaves us with two engine adjustments: timing delay and waste spark
elimination. There are various ways in which these can be done and as
each engine design is different, it is difficult to cover every
possibility. However, there is a technique which can be used with many
engines and which deals with both issues at the same time.
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Most engines of this type are four-stroke engines with intake and exhaust valves, perhaps something like this:
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The
intake valve (shown on the right in this illustration) is pushed down
by a cam shaft, compressing the spring and opening the inlet port. The
exact arrangement will be different from one engine design to the next.
What
is fixed is the movement of the valve itself and that movement only
takes place every second revolution. There are various ways of using
those movement to eliminate the waste spark and retard the timing. If a
switch were mounted so that it opens when the intake valve opens and
closes when the intake valve closes, then the switch closure shows when
the piston starts upwards on its compression stroke and a simple
electronic circuit can then give an adjustable delay before
firing
the coil which produces the spark. This, of course, involves
disconnecting the original electrical circuit so that no waste spark is
generated. The current flowing through the switch contacts can be
arranged to be so low that there will be no sparking at the contacts
when the circuit is broken again. The switch positioning might be like
this:
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²óÏ©¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¡¢¡Ê¸íºîư¤Ç¡ËÀÜ¿¨¤·¥¹¥Ñ¡¼¥¯¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ÎÀÜÅÀ¤Ï¡¢¤È¤Æ¤âÄ㤯¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¢¥ì¥ó¥¸¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¡£²óÏ©¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤Ï¡¢ÀÜ¿¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â¥¹¥Ñ¡¼¥¯¤Ï¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¥Ý¥¸¥·¥ç¥Ë¥ó¥°¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡§
An
alternative is to attach a strong permanent magnet to the rocker arm,
using epoxy resin, and then position a solid state "Hall-effect" sensor
so that it triggers the delay before the spark is generated.
Âå
ÂØ¼êÃʤ¬¥¨¥Ý¥¥·¼ù»é¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¡¢¶¯¤¤±Êµ×¼§ÀФò¥í¥Ã¥«¡¼¡¦¥¢¡¼¥à¤Ë¼è¤êÉÕ¤±¡¢¼¡¤Ë¡¢¥½¥ê¥Ã¥É¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È¤Î¡Ö¥Û¡¼¥ë¸ú²Ì¡× [¥Û¡¼¥ë¸ú²Ì (Hall
effect)¤È¤Ï¡¢ÅÅή¤Îή¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢ÅÅή¤Ë¿âľ¤Ë¼§¾ì¤ò¤«¤±¤ë¤È¡¢ÅÅή¤È¼§¾ì¤ÎξÊý¤Ëľ¸ò¤¹¤ëÊý¸þ¤Ëµ¯ÅÅÎϤ¬¸½¤ì¤ë¸½¾Ý¡£¼ç¤ËȾƳÂÎÁǻҤÇ
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If
the engine did not have a waste spark, then in theory, the timing
mechanism of the engine could be used to retard the spark. However, in
practice, the timing mechanism is almost never capable of retarding the
spark to the position that is needed for running without fossil fuel,
and so, some kind of delay circuit will be needed anyway.
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