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2010-06-20 15:22:51 | ·ò¹¯¡¦¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥Ä
The Sport Psychologist, 2010, 24, 16-34
Human Kinetics, Inc.

Perfectionism and Burnout
in Canoe Polo and Kayak Slalom Athletes:
The Mediating Influence Of Validation
and Growth-Seeking

Andrew P. Hill and Howard K. Ham
York St. John University
Paul R. Appleton and Jemma J. Murray
University of Bedfordshire


When intense and prolonged achievement striving is accompanied by chronic failure, some athletes may be susceptible to the development of burnout (Lemyre, Hall, & Roberts, 2008). Athlete burnout is an extreme form of sport disaffection indicative of a shift from an intense desire to succeed to psychological, emotional and potential behavioral disengagement from a once valued activity (Schaufeli & Enzmann, 1998; Sntith, 1986). The syndrome is believed to manifest in three core symptoms that include an enduring sense of reduced athletic accomplishment, physical and emotional exhaustion, and the eventual devaluation of participation (Raedeke & Smith, 200 1 ). Collectively, these symptoms are purported to contribute to significant motivational and psychological difficulties which may extend beyond the sport domain (Cresswell & Eklund, 2006).


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Hill, A.P., Hall, H.K. & Appleton, P. Murry, J.J. (2010)
Perfectionism and Burnout In Canoe Polo and Kayak Slalom Athletes:
The Mediating Influence of Validation and Growth-Seeking
The sport psychologist, 2010, 24, 16-34
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Andrew P. Hill and Howard K. Hall
York St. John University
Paul R. Appleton and Jemma J. Murray
University of Bedfordshire *

Recent research suggests that validation-seeking and dimensions of perfectionism may be antecedents of athlete burnout. The present investigation examined whether validation and growth-seeking mediate the relationship between self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and burnout. One-hundred and fifty canoe polo and kayak slalom athletes recruited from the top two divisions in the UK completed measures of validation and growth-seeking (GOI), perfectionism (HMPS), and athlete burnout (ABQ). Analyses supported the mediating role of validation-seeking in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and burnout. However, while bivariate correlations indicated that self-oriented perfectionism was positively related to both validation and growth-seeking, neither¡¡mediated the self-oriented perfectionism-burnout relationship. The findings suggest that validation-seeking may be an important psychological factor in the development of burnout for athletes exhibiting high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism. The relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and athlete burnout remains unclear because of its association with multiple motives and with socially prescribed perfectionism.

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¶áǯ¤Î¸¦µæ¤Ï¡¢¼«¸Ê³Îǧ»Ø¸þ(validation-seeking)¤È´°àú¼çµÁ¤ÎÊ£¿ô¤Î¦Ì̤¬¥Ð¡¼¥ó¥¢¥¦¥È¤ÎÀè¹Ô¾ò·ï¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨º¶¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Ëܸ¦µæ¤Ï¡¢¼«¸Ê³Îǧ»Ø¸þ¤ÈÀ®Ä¹»Ø¸þ¤¬¡¢´°àú¼çµÁ¤ÎÃæ¤Î¼«¸Ê»Ø¸þ´°àú¼çµÁ¤È¼Ò²ñŪ´üÂÔÂбþ´°àú¼çµÁ**¤¬¥Ð¡¼¥ó¥¢¥¦¥È¤ËµÚ¤Ü¤¹±Æ¶Á¤Î²ðºßÊÑ¿ô¤È¤·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ëÌÜŪ¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¡£
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Why do athletes choke under pressure?
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Picture it: A PGA (Professional Golfers' Association) tour player is on the final hole of a major tournament. All he needs to do to win the tournament is sink a simple 5-foot putt on a flat, straight green. This is a putt he has sunk so many times in practice he has lost count. This is a putt he knows, he understands, he can execute without a second thought. But, on this day, on this putt, there are other thoughts. He notices the crowd, the leader board, and thinks about how many people are counting on him to make the shot and win the tournament. He thinks about all those individuals, including himself, who expect him to finish at the top. Thus, this putt is not exactly the same as all of the simple 5-foot putts he has taken in practice. And when he steps up to the ball, performs his preshot routine, and executes his shot it becomes apparent how different this pressure-filled putt actually is. Our golfer does the unthinkable, the unexpected, and the unwarranted given his ability: He misses the putt, he loses the tournament, he chokes under the pressure.


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*PGA: ¥×¥í¥´¥ë¥Õ¶¨²ñ¡¡*tour player: ¥×¥í¥È¡¼¥Ê¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¥×¥ì¡¼¥ä¡¼
*the final hole: ºÇ½ª¤Î£±£¸ÈÖ¥Û¡¼¥ë¡¡*a flat, straight green: Ê¿¤é¤Ç¡¢¿¿¤Ã¤¹¤°¥Ü¡¼¥ë¤¬Å¾¤¬¤ë¥°¥ê¡¼¥ó¡¡*a second thought: ºÆ¹Í¡¨½Ïθ¡¡*leader board: »î¹ç¤Î¾å°Ì¤ÎÁª¼ê¤Î¥¹¥³¥¢¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëÂç·Ç¼¨Èġʥ꡼¥À¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤ÈÌõ¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë*5-foot putt: Ìó1.5m¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥È¡¡*preshot routine: ¥×¥ê¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¡¦¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¡á¥·¥ç¥Ã¥ÈÁ°¤Î·è¤Þ¤Ã¤¿Æ°ºî¡¡*given his ability: Èà¤ÎǽÎϤò¹Íθ¤¹¤ë¤È¢Ígiven¤ÏÁ°ÃÖ»ìŪ¤Ë¡¢¡¦¡¦¡¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¹Íθ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¡
*choke: Ãí¼á¡§¡¡Choking ¤Ï¡¢Â©µÍ¤Þ¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤¬¡¢ÆüËܸì¤Î¡Ö¤¢¤¬¤ê¡×¤Ë¶á¤¤¡£±Ñ¸ì¤¬Êì¹ñ¸ì¤Î¿Í¤Ï¡¢¥Á¥ç¡¼¥¯¤È¸À¤¤¤Ê¤¬¤é¶»¤Î¤¢¤¿¤ê¤ò²¡¤µ¤¨¤Æ¡¢Â©¶ì¤·¤¤É½¾ð¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥Ä¤Ç¤Î¶ÛÄ¥¾õÂÖ¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¾¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Êɽ¸½Ë¡¤¬¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢É԰¤¬°ß¤ËÍ褿¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢I got butterflies in my stomach. ¤òά¤·¤Æ¡¡Butterflies¤È¤À¤±¸À¤¦
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